Description: Background Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing challenge in low and middle-income countries as it is widespread in these countries and is linked to an increased mortality. Apart from human and environmental factors, animal-related drivers of antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries have special features that differ from high-income countries. The aim of this narrative review is to address the zoonotic sources and the spread of antimicrobial resistance from the perspective of low- and middle-income countries. Main body Contamination with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is highest in poultry (Africa: 8.9-60%, Asia: 53-93%) and there is a risk to import ESBL-producing E. coli through poultry meat in Africa. In aquacultures, the proportion of ESBL-producers among E. coli can be high (27%) but the overall low quality of published studies limit the general conclusion on the impact of aquacultures on human health. ESBL-producing E. coli colonization of wildlife is 1-9% in bats or 2.5-63% birds. Since most of them are migratory animals, they can disperse antimicrobial resistant bacteria over large distances. So-called 'filth flies' are a relevant vector not only of enteric pathogens but also of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in settings where sanitary systems are poor. In Africa, up to 72.5% of 'filth flies' are colonized with ESBL-producing E. coli, mostly conferred by CTX-M (24.4-100%). While methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus plays a minor role in livestock in Africa, it is frequently found in South America in poultry (27%) or pork (37.5-56.5%) but less common in Asia (poultry: 3%, pork: 1-16%). Conclusions Interventions to contain the spread of AMR should be tailored to the needs of low- and middle-income countries. These comprise capacity building of diagnostic facilities, surveillance, infection prevention and control in small-scale farming. © The Author(s) 2023.
Global identifier:
Doi(
"10.60810/openumwelt-206",
)
Origin: /Bund/UBA/openUMWELT
Tags: Antimikrobielle Substanz ? Main ? Fledermaus ? Antibiotikaresistenz ? Kolibakterien ? Vogel ? Geflügel ? Staphylokokken ? Vieh ? Viehbestand ? Anfechtung ? Gebäude ? Kind ? Bakterien ? Südafrika ? Literaturauswertung ? Monitoring ? Mortalität ? Studie ? Tier ? Aquakultur ? Menschliche Gesundheit ? Wildlebende Tiere und Pflanzen ? Afrika ? Amerika ? Asien ? Infektion ? Krankheitserreger ? Ökologischer Faktor ? Risiko ?
License: other-closed
Language: Englisch/English
Issued: 2023-01-01
Time ranges: 2023-01-01 - 2023-01-01
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