Description: Persistent and mobile (PM) chemicals spread quickly in the water cycle and can reach drinking water. If these chemicals are also toxic (PMT) they may pose a threat to the aquatic environment and drinking water alike, and thus measures to prevent their spread are necessary. In this study, nontarget screening and cell-based toxicity tests after a polarity-based fractionation into polar and non-polar chemicals are utilized to assess and compare the effectiveness of ozonation and filtration through activated carbon in a wastewater treatment and drinking water production plant. Especially during wastewater treatment, differences in removal efficiency were evident. While median areas of non-polar features were reduced by a factor of 270, median areas for polar chemicals were only reduced by a factor of 4. Polar features showed significantly higher areas than their non-polar counterparts in wastewater treatment plant effluent and finished drinking water, implying a protection gap for these chemicals. Toxicity tests revealed higher initial toxicities (especially oxidative stress and estrogenic activity) for the non-polar fraction, but also showed a more pronounced decrease during treatment. Generally, the toxicity of the effluent was low for both fractions. Combined, these results imply a less effective removal but also a lower toxicity of polar chemicals. The behaviour of features during advanced waste and drinking water treatment was used to classify them as either PM chemicals or mobile transformation products (M-TPs). A suspect screening of the 476 highest intensity PM chemicals and M-TPs in 57 environmental and tap water samples showed high frequencies of detection (median >80%), which indicates the wide distribution of these chemicals in the aquatic environment and thus supports the chosen classification approach and the more generally applicability of obtained insights. © 2022 Elsevier
Global identifier:
Doi(
"10.60810/openumwelt-1311",
)
Origin: /Bund/UBA/openUMWELT
Tags: Aktivkohle ? Kläranlagenablauf ? Abwasserbehandlung ? Abwasserbehandlungsanlage ? Ozonung ? Phytotoxizität ? Stress ? Trinkwasseraufbereitung ? Abfall ? Abwasser ? Chemikalien ? Aquatisches Ökosystem ? Studie ? Toxizität ? Trinkwasser ? Wasserkreislauf ? REACH ? Klassifikation ? Wassergewinnung ?
License: other-closed
Language: Englisch/English
Issued: 2022-01-01
Time ranges: 2022-01-01 - 2022-01-01
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