Description: technologyComment of cobalt production (GLO): Cobalt, as a co-product of nickel and copper production, is obtained using a wide range of technologies. The initial life cycle stage covers the mining of the ore through underground or open cast methods. The ore is further processed in beneficiation to produce a concentrate and/or raffinate solution. Metal selection and further concentration is initiated in primary extraction, which may involve calcining, smelting, high pressure leaching, and other processes. The final product is obtained through further refining, which may involve processes such as re-leaching, selective solvent / solution extraction, selective precipitation, electrowinning, and other treatments. Transport is reported separately and consists of only the internal movements of materials / intermediates, and not the movement of final product. Due to its intrinsic value, cobalt has a high recycling rate. However, much of this recycling takes place downstream through the recycling of alloy scrap into new alloy, or goes into the cobalt chemical sector as an intermediate requiring additional refinement. Secondary production, ie production from the recycling of cobalt-containing wastes, is considered in this study in so far as it occurs as part of the participating companies’ production. This was shown to be of very limited significance (less than 1% of cobalt inputs). The secondary materials used for producing cobalt are modelled as entering the system free of environmental burden. technologyComment of nickel mine operation and benefication to nickel concentrate, 16% Ni (CA-QC): Mining is done underground, followed by beneficiation. Overburden (2.67 kg/kg concentrate) and tailings (6.99 kg/kg concentrate) are disposed on the mining site.
Text {
text_type: Report,
}
Comment: This is a market activity. Each market represents the consumption mix of a product in a given geography, connecting suppliers with consumers of the same product in the same geographical area. Markets group the producers and also the imports of the product (if relevant) within the same geographical area. They also account for transport to the consumer and for the losses during that process, when relevant. This is the market for 'nickel concentrate, 16% Ni', in the Global geography. Transport from producers to consumers of this product in the geography covered by the market is included. This market is supplied by the following activities with the given share: nickel mine operation and benefication to nickel concentrate, 16% Ni, CA-QC: 0.965752550654969 cobalt production, GLO: 0.034247449345031 generalComment of cobalt production (GLO): This dataset represents the production of cobalt by the global cobalt industry. Reference: "The Environmental Performance of Refined Cobalt - Life Cycle Inventory and Life Cycle Assessment of Refined Cobalt - Summary Report", CDI & ERM, Novermber 2016. PM2.5-10 and PM10 emissions to air arise from mine ventillation systems. generalComment of nickel mine operation and benefication to nickel concentrate, 16% Ni (CA-QC): This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of nickel ore, beneficiated to 16% Ni in Quebec (Canada) for the year 2010. This dataset is a disagreggation of the existing dataset ''nickel mine operation, sulfidic ore'', which contains smelting and refining on top of the mine operation. The disagreggation was done because primary data was available for nickel mine operation but not for subsequent stages of smelting and refining. Thus, the production volume of this dataset is already included in the global dataset ''nickel mine operation, sulfidic ore, GLO''. Until data on smelting and refining become available, this dataset cannot be used as part of a life cycle assessment. The concentrate produced is composed of 16% Ni; 4% Cu; 0.24% Co; 0.61 g/t Au; 10.84 g/t Ag; 2.8 g/t Pt; 9.68 g/t Pd; 0.95 g/t Rh. The sulfidic nickel ore is extracted in an underground mine, where 7.21 kg of ore are extracted per kg of concentrate produced. The recovery rate (metal in ore/metal in the concentrate) is 90% for Ni and 82% for Cu. The concentrate produced is sent to a smelter located in Ontario (Canada) and to a refinery located in Norway (both excluded). No specific data were available except for some emissions to water and air publicly available. Most of the data were taken from the Environmental Impact Assessment of the only Nickel mine in Quebec dated from 1993 and converted with a conversion factor (ore mined in 2010/expected amount of ore according to ElA). Some extrapolations were made based on ecoinvent datasets. None
Origin: /Bund/UBA/ProBas
Tags: Recycling ? Kobalt ? Nickel ? Manufacture of basic metals ? Manufacture of basic precious and other non-ferrous metals ? Manufacturing ?
License: unbekannt
Language: Deutsch
Accessed 1 times.