Description: Das Projekt "Winter damage on apple trees: causes, effects and avoidance strategies" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Botanik, Abteilung für Physiologie und Zellphysiologie Alpiner Pflanzen.South Tirol is an important region for apple production in Europe. The mild climate allows a high productivity but during the last decades, winter damage on apple trees was observed in 3 to 4 year intervals at numerous sites in South Tirol. This winter damage in apple orchards is economically relevant as e.g. in season 2004/2005 costs of more than 6 Mio Euros were caused. There are several indications that the observed dieback of crown parts or even trees was related to frost drought. The situation is comparable to that of trees at the timberline, where winter damage was analysed in previous projects. Based on our experience with trees growing at the alpine timberline, we hypothesize that winter damage in South Tirol apple orchards is strongly influenced by the duration of water uptake blockages, the extent of transpirational water losses, the trees water storage capacity as well as the climatic conditions in autumn. We expect damage in living tissues as well as xylem embolism to cause prolonged drought stress in spring. In the proposed project, these aspects will be analysed and avoidance strategies will be developed. In field measurements at five apple orchards in South Tirol, climatic conditions and effects on tree water relations (water potential, hydraulic conductivity, water storage, transpiration) as well as winter injury will be quantified, and in experimental approaches important parameters will be analysed in detail. These data will be compared with hydraulic characteristics (vulnerability to embolism, drought resistance of living tissues, water storage capacity) of studied varieties. In consequence, numerous varieties will be screened for resistance to frost drought, whereby hydraulic as well as related anatomical parameters will be analysed to develop a valuable screening protocol for variety selection. Cultivation techniques to avoid winter damage will also be tested in thi u.s.w.
SupportProgram
Origin: /Bund/UBA/UFORDAT
Tags: Obstwiese ? Tirol ? Abfallbehandlung ? Baum ? Resistenz ? Brunnen ? Vulnerabilität ? Schadensvermeidung ? Stress ? Dürre ? Winter ? Wirkung ? Frost ? Wasserknappheit ? Ackerfläche ? Bewässerung ? Daten ? Rechtsverfahren ? Organisches Gewebe ? Jahreszeit ? Standortwahl ? Technik ? Wasserdurchlässigkeit ? Wasser ? Hochgebirge ? Schaden ? Wirkung ? Europa ? Messung ? Schadenskosten ? Lagerung ? Überwinterung ? Gebiet ? Kosten ? Potenzial ? Kenngröße ? Klima ? Strategische Aspekte ? Landwirtschaft ? Produktivität ? Produktion ? Aspekt ? Vergleichbarkeit ? Verhältnis ? stark ? südlich ? vergleichen ? verwandt ? wichtig ? Auslese ? Dauer ? Herbst ? Leistungsfähigkeit ? Projekt ? Quelle [Gewässer] ? Schädigung ? Siebung ? Annäherung ? Teil ?
License: cc-by-nc-nd/4.0
Language: Englisch/English
Time ranges: 2009-04-01 - 2012-03-31
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