Description: The testing of crop cultivars on organic and conventional farms is often confounded by site heterogeneity. We compared the performance of a set of old, conventionally and organically bred winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars within the DOK long term trial in CH-Therwil in 2007. In the DOK trial organic and conventional farming systems are compared since 1978 in a split-split plot design with four replicates on a haplic luvisol. Yield (dry matter yield, thousand kernel weight, harvest index and nitrogen harvest index) and quality parameters (grain protein content, Hagberg falling number, Zeleny value, wet gluten content and gluten index) of ten cultivars were assessed in four systems: unfertilized control (NOFERT), bio-dynamic (BIODYN 1 and 2) and one conventional farming system (CONMIN) with different levels of total nitrogen inputs (0, 33, 66 and 140 kg ha-1, respectively). Effects of cultivars and systems on yield and quality parameters were statistically significant, genotype x system interactions were generally not detected. Grain yield increased from 2.7 (NOFERT), 3.7 (BIODYN 1), 4.2 (BIODYN 2) up to 6.8 t ha-1 for the conventional system CONMIN with an average protein content of 10.8, 9.4, 9.0 and 11.7%, respectively. No significant differences between cultivars were detected for yield in the organic system BIODYN 2, whereas in the conventional system CONMIN, cultivars bred under conventional conditions yielded significantly more than old cultivars. However, the protein content of old cultivars was significantly higher than that of modern cultivars. The results imply that breeding for yield was successful during the last century but only under high input conditions (7.6 kg ha-1 yr-1 in the conventional system CONMIN), where the development was accompanied by rising inputs of external resources (e.g. mineral fertilizers). Under organic conditions, yield increase with the year of release of cultivars was only 1.8 kg ha-1 yr-1 (in the organic system BIODYN 2) and modern cultivars could not outperform the old cultivars, irrespective of their selection environment. A redundancy analysis showed that yield was mainly determined by systems or the input of fertilizers, while the influence of cultivars was only minor. The redundancy analysis for baking quality parameters in contrast revealed that the influence of cultivars was higher than the influence of the systems. It is suggested, that long term system comparisons can ideally serve to test crop cultivars under identical soil and climatic conditions. Root colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was higher under organic than under conventional farming conditions but there was no evidence that breeding conditions were influencing AMF-root colonization of the different cultivars. We observed a positive correlation for AMF root colonization and shoot P at tillering and flowering under organic but not under conventional conditions. (abridged text)
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Origins: /Bund/UBA/UFORDAT
Tags: Besiedlung ? Weizen ? Getreide ? Mineraldünger ? Zierpflanze ? Düngemittel ? Stickstoff ? Wertstoffsack ? Trockensubstanz ? Stickstoffeintrag ? Blüte ? Gesamtstickstoff ? Kind ? Register ? Pflanzensamen ? Strafrecht ? Pflanzenwurzel ? Ökologischer Landbau ? Protein ? Systemanalyse ? Vergleichsanalyse ? Pilz ? Splitt ? Bewirtschaftungssystem ? Kenngröße ? Ressource ? Umwelt ? Züchtung ? Kontrolle ? Mittelwert ? Genotyp ? Dauer ? Verhältnis ? Vermehrung ? Wechselwirkung ? Wert ? alt ? arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ? bewerten ? brüten ? ein- ? extern ? konventionell ? nutrient acquisition potential ? organic breeding ? statistisch ? unter ? winter wheat cultivars ? Entwicklung ? Auslese ? Ertragssteigerung ? Gehalt ? Gewicht ? Nährstoffaufnahme ? Sorte ? Verantwortung ?
License: cc-by-nc-nd/4.0
Language: Englisch/English
Time ranges: 2006-07-01 - 2008-12-31
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