This data publication includes the Supplementary Material to Trilsch et al. (2025): “Southwestern Tian Shan: 2. Timing of Cenozoic Mountain Building, Intra-montane Basin Inversion, and Relation to Lithospheric Mantel Indentation” (Tectonics; doi:…..). It comprises thermochronologic (apatite fission track and apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He), stratigraphic, and apatite Raman-spectroscopic data that allow the timing of Cenozoic mountain building in the southwestern Tian Shan of Central Asia; the southwestern Tian Shan is herein defined as that part of the Tian Shan west of the Talas-Fergana Fault Zone that is located at the junction with the Pamir and the Afghan-Tajik Basin and stretches to the Fergana Basin in the north. The refined timing provided supports the synchroneity between major Cenozoic Tian Shan mountain building and India mantle-lithosphere indentation beneath the Pamir and western Tibet, and the instantaneous transfer of shortening across a >500-km-wide foreland, facilitated by structural reactivation.