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Wirkungen des Klimawandels an der Küste

Im Rahmen des BMVI-Expertennetzwerks engagiert sich die BAW gemeinsam mit weiteren Ressortforschungseinrichtungen und Fachbehörden des BMVI, um fach- und verkehrsträgerübergreifende Lösungen für die drängenden Verkehrsfragen der Zukunft aufzuzeigen (www.bmvi-expertennetzwerk.de). Ein Fokusgebiet ist dabei der Küstenbereich mit seinen Seehafenzufahrten, denn infolge des zunehmenden Welthandels hat der Seehandel in der heutigen Zeit der Globalisierung eine größere Bedeutung als je zuvor. Internationale Seehäfen, wie zum Beispiel der Hamburger Hafen, bilden im Seehandel wichtige Knotenpunkte. Der Hamburger Hafen ist mit einem Seegüterumschlag von 137 Millionen Tonnen pro Jahr der größte Seehafen Deutschlands. Von hier werden Güter in die ganze Welt verschifft bzw. auf der Schiene, Straße und Wasserstraße nach ganz Deutschland und Europa weitertransportiert. Durch den Klimawandel werden sich für den Betrieb und die Unterhaltung von Seehäfen und Seehafenzufahrten äußere Einflüsse, wie zum Beispiel der Meeresspiegel, ändern. Für strategische und langfristige Investitionsentscheidungen hinsichtlich der Hafeninfrastruktur entstehen dadurch wichtige Fragen. Wie werden sich Meeresspiegelanstieg und andere klimawandelbedingte Änderungen auf die Seehäfen auswirken? Kann die Sicherheit und Leichtigkeit des Schiffsverkehrs sowie die Erreichbarkeit der Häfen in Zukunft gewährleistet werden? Welche Anpassungsmaßnahmen sind gegebenenfalls notwendig und nachhaltig? Mit diesen und anderen Fragen befasst sich die BAW am Standort Hamburg im Rahmen des Expertennetzwerkes. Mithilfe eines hochaufgelösten dreidimensionalen numerischen Modells der Deutschen Bucht werden komplexe Prozesse wie die Tidedynamik sowie der Transport von Salz, Wärme und Sedimenten für heutige und mögliche zukünftige Verhältnisse simuliert. Das Modellgebiet umfasst die gesamte deutsche Nordseeküste und die Ästuare von Ems, Jade-Weser und Elbe. Das Expertennetzwerk ist auch im Hinblick auf die Novellierung des Gesetzes zur Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung bedeutend. Im Rahmen der Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung müssen künftig sowohl die Anfälligkeit des geplanten Vorhabens gegenüber den Folgen des Klimawandels als auch die Auswirkungen des Vorhabens auf das Klima auf Basis wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse gerichtsfest untersucht werden. Dies kann nur in behördenübergreifender Zusammenarbeit geleistet werden. Wie dringend der Forschungsbedarf für die Seeschifffahrt ist, zeigt die Situation am Hamburger Hafen. Die Zufahrt zum Hamburger Hafen erfolgt entlang des Elbeästuars. Da die Flutstromgeschwindigkeiten in vielen Bereichen des Elbeästuars höher als die Ebbestromgeschwindigkeiten sind, ist der stromaufgerichtete Sedimenttransport im Mittel größer als der stromabgerichtete Sedimenttransport. Es wird mehr Sediment aus der Nordsee in das Elbästuar eingetragen als ausgetragen. (Text gekürzt)

Trends in der Makrofaunabesiedlung von Sand- und Schlickboeden im Sublitoral der Deutschen Bucht als Anzeichen langfristiger Milieuveraenderungen: Rueckgang in der Artenmannigfaltigkeit. Veraenderlichkeit der Bodenfauna in der Deutschen Bucht

Forschungen ueber die Veraenderungen der sand- und schlickbewohnenden Bodenfauna, insbesondere ueber einen schon mehrere Jahre andauernden Verarmungstrend im Gebiet vor Elbe- und Wesermuendung. Herausarbeitung grundsaetzlicher Unterschiede bei Schlick- und Sandfauna, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Sauerstoffverhaeltnisse und Substratveraenderungen durch Sturmeinfluesse. Forschungen ueber die Veraenderungen der sand- und schlickbesiedelte Bodenfauna in der Deutschen Bucht ueber lange Zeitraeume an Dauerstationen (Populations- und Assoziationsdynamik). Durch internationale Zusammenarbeit (europaeische LOST-Aktion 47) sollen ueberregional wirksame Einflussgroessen und Entwicklungen in den Tierbestaenden erkannt und in ihrer Bedeutung abgeschaetzt werden, so dass vom Menschen bedingte Veraenderungen sicherer beurteilt werden koennen. Die Forschungen zur Populationsdynamik dienen darueber hinaus zur Abschaetzung von Produktionsleistungen wichtiger Benthosarten.

Harbour and grey seal counts in the Elbe Estuary, Germany, between Wedel and Scharhörn in 2023/2024

Aerial surveys were conducted in the Elbe Estuary, Germany, to count seals on their haul-out sites. Haul-out sites were located within the intertidal zone, usually close to the waterway or tidal creeks. The north-western border of the study area was located at the approximate river-km 753 (island of Scharhörn) and the south-eastern border was located at river-km 632 (Mühlenberger Loch). Flights were performed monthly from August 2023 until July 2024 (11 flights in total) at low tide. Within each month, a flight date in the middle of the month was chosen, depending on the tide and weather conditions. The flight scheduled for December 2023 had to be canceled due to persistently unfavorable weather conditions. Flights were performed with a twin-engined aircraft at a height of approximately 500 feet and at an average speed of 100 knots. The flight routes were tracked via GPS. Sighted seals were photographed on their haul-out sites and the corresponding geographic position was recorded. In the office, the photos were used to identify the species and age class, and count the animals.

One-year high-resolution time series of organic trace substances in a Baltic Sea urban estuary and adjacent areas in Germany (2022–2023)

A highly temporally and spatially resolved measurement campaign was conducted over a one-year period to analyze water samples for a total of 35 pharmaceuticals, pesticides and UV-filters. Between spring 2022 and spring 2023, surface water samples were collected twice a week at 14 sites at the Warnow estuary and its adjacent areas in Rostock, Germany, as part of the OTC-Genomics sampling campaign. The sampling area included one upstream freshwater site before the river enters the estuary, seven sampling sites along the estuary - surrounded by the urban area of Rostock - and six sites along the Baltic coastline. Sampling was conducted every Monday and Thursday, always three hours after sunrise. After enrichment with solid phase extraction, 1307 samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Additional to the dataset included here, the same samples were analyzed for prokaryotic and eukaryotic community composition (16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing), cell abundances (flow cytometry), and physico-chemical environmental parameters.

Oxygen consumption rate, organic carbon and grain size data for intertidal sediments and oxygen concentration of pore waters data of Spiekeroog Island North Beach, May 2022 to April 2023

The permeable sandy sediments of beach aquifers receive a high input of electron acceptors, such as oxygen (O2), as well as fresh organic matter through seawater infiltration, driving the biogeochemical turnover in the subterranean estuary. Here, we experimentally determined seasonal sedimentary O2 consumption rates of intertidal sediments along a transect in the seawater infiltration zone at Spiekeroog Island North Beach, Germany, and present the data together with measurements of organic carbon and grain sizes, oxygen concentration of pore waters and beach topography. The samples were taken down to 1 m depth during two-monthly sampling campaigns from May 2022 to April 2023. Preliminary investigations of O2 consumption rates took place in in March, June and August 2017. Sediment and porewater sampling procedures were carried out as described by Massmann et al. (2023). O2 consumption rates were determined in slurry incubations of the retrieved sediments using gas tight vials (Labco Exetainer® 12 ml) equipped with O2 sensor spots (Pyroscience, OXSP5). Incubations were carried out in the dark at in situ temperatures, and vials were mounted on a rotating wheel to mimic porewater advection. The sediment's total organic carbon content was determined in a CS analyser (Eltra CS 800). Additionally, the fine fraction of the sediment was washed out and the organic carbon content of the fine sediments was measured in a CHNSO analyser (Hekatech Euro EA). The grain size distribution of the sediments was detemined using dynamic image analysis (Sympatec QICPIC). The O2 concentration in the pore water along the transect was measured immediately after the sample was taken using a flow-through oxygen optode (Pyroscience, OXFTC). The data was collected to investigate the impact of seasonal inputs and filtration efficiency on the O2 consumption during seawater infiltration into the permeable sands of beach aquifers.

Observational dataset of behavioral response of three-spined sticklebacks to TNT exposure in a closed laboratory setup

Dumped munition in the German North Sea and Baltic Sea pose environmental risks as corrosion of the munition shells results in the leakage of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitroluene (TNT) into the marine environment. Uptake of TNT by marine biota and the associated negative effects on organisms are of major concern. This dataset reports behavioral responses of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to environmentally relevant concentrations of TNT. Experimental sticklebacks were laboratory-bred and held in groups of 30 individuals in 60 L tanks in the fish facilities at the Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology in Bremerhaven. Parental sticklebacks originated from the Weser estuary (Luneplate, Bremerhaven, Germany, 53°28'36.9" N; 8°31'08.9" E) and were collected in April 2023. A total of 60 sticklebacks were tested in a controlled laboratory setup at the fish facilities at the Thünen Institute in Bremerhaven, containing two hideout zones formed by artificial plants. Each hideout was connected to an infusion system delivering either a TNT solution (100 µg/L) or control water into the zone currently occupied by the fish. Experimental trials were video-recorded to enable post hoc behavioral analysis. Behavioral metrics included the total time spent in the exposed hideout zone (s), latency to first leave the exposed hideout zone (s), and the number of crossings between hideout zones.

Carbonate chemistry and river discharge dataset for the Elbe from incubation experiments and historical data records

This dataset provides carbonate chemistry and hydrological measurements supporting the analysis of the stability of alkalinity and carbon transport potential in the Elbe Estuary, northern Germany. It includes (1) results from laboratory incubation experiments using water samples from the Elbe conducted in 2023, (2) historical water chemistry monitoring records from multiple stations, and (3) monthly flow discharge measurements from the Neu Darchau gauging station. Experimental data were collected from the experiments varying salinity and seasonal conditions, and parameters measured include pH, temperature, and total alkalinity. Major ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-) were reconstructed from stoichiometry. The saturation states of calcite and aragonite, as well as pCO2, were calculated using the phreeqpython geochemical package. Historical data, covering carbonate chemistry and major ions at several stations and over multiple years, were collected from digitized sources and FGG Elbe. Together, this dataset facilitates the investigation of long-term trends in the carbonate system and carbon transport in the land ocean transition zone of the Elbe River.

Digital terrain model of the watercourse estuary Elbe 2016 (DGM-W 2016) | model data

The digital terrain model of waterways for the estuary of river Elbe (DGM-W 2016) in high resolution based on airborne laser scanning and echo sounder data is produced and published by the German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration (Wasserstraßen- und Schifffahrtsverwaltung des Bundes, WSV). The data includes the Outer Elbe and the tidally influenced side branches of the Elbe estuary upstream to the town Geesthacht. The data is available in a raster resolution of 1 meter. Coordinate reference system: EPSG 25852, ETRS89 / UTM Zone 32N Elevation reference system: DHHN92, NHN Survey methods: Airborne laser scanning (ALS) 02. - 04.2016 Multibeam echo sounder, single beam echo sounder 2015-2017 It is strongly recommended to use the data source map for quality assessment.

Digital terrain model of the watercourse estuary Elbe 2022 (DGM-W 2022) | model data

The digital terrain model of waterways for the estuary of river Elbe (DGM-W 2022) in high resolution based on airborne laser scanning and echo sounder data is produced and published by the German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration (Wasserstraßen- und Schifffahrtsverwaltung des Bundes, WSV). The data includes the Outer Elbe and the tidally influenced tributaries and branches of the Elbe estuary upstream to the town Geesthacht. The data is available in a raster resolution of 1 meter. Coordinate reference system: EPSG 25852, ETRS89 / UTM Zone 32N Elevation reference system: DHHN2016, NHN Survey methods: Airborne laser scanning (ALS) 02.04.2022 - 19.04.2022 Multibeam echo sounder, single beam echo sounder 09.02.2017 - 09.04.2023 It is strongly recommended to use the data source map for quality assessment.

Ästuare und Küsten (WMS)

WMS-Dienst des Wasserbaus im Küstenbereich.

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