In recent years, gaseous and particulate organic species in the atmosphere have received increased attention. Organic compounds are found in cloud and rain water as well as in snow samples. However, the removal processes underlying their scavenging is not adequately enough understood such that these are amenable for integration in numerical models. One possibility via the ice phase would be the retention of organics during riming, i.e. the deposi-tion of super-cooled water droplets on ice particles. During this process, the organic species (or fractions of their amounts) can be transferred into and retained by the ice phase while another fraction is released back into the gas phase. These fractions will be investigated and quantified in wind tunnel experiments where freely floating ice particles and snow flakes are exposed to clouds of supercooled droplets containing organic substances of atmospheric significance. As the most abundant water-soluble organics in cloud water are carboxylic ac-ids and aldehydes the proposed experiments mainly extend over these groups. Another topic of great interest is the influence of turbulence on microphysical processes. The collisional growth of cloud droplets is significantly enhanced by turbulence; therefore, similar results are expected in the case of riming as an analogous process in the ice phase. The determination of the growth rate of ice particles by riming under turbulent conditions is necessary for the - so far not yet available - formulation of more realistic collection kernels (in comparison to the laminar case) for the modeling of cloud physics and chemistry.
Objective: The aim of the BURBA project is to develop an automatic system to be used for intelligent waste management. The system consists of intelligent waste containers and an IT tool for waste collection and transport management, including RFID's (Radio Frequency Identification) ability to reliably identify individual receptacles, users, single marked items or waste categories, and cell-phone-based LBS? (location-based service) ability to allow an easy identification of the geographical position of the most suitable waste container and to improve its utilization by the citizen (the closest one to user actual position, not full, adequate for that waste category, etc). The BURBA rugged system is integrated into 'intelligent waste containers' with capacities of 600 litres and over, for urban and industrial waste collection. It includes electronics for data transmission, for quantity and quality of waste measurement and a power pack that may be recharged using environmental energy scavenging. The foreseen IT tool will exploit the collected data in the frame of an advanced Waste Management concept. It will manage appropriately position and time of collection and optimize truck fleet path and queuing to waste disposal plants (for example incinerators that need continuous adequate feeding in quantity and quality); as well as the differential waste disposal to feed recycling facilities. It will compute service metrics and parameters for decision making and resources allocation. It will so far contribute to improve the management of the waste transport vehicles fleet, to minimise transportation path and diminish fuel expenditures as well as to optimise gain of disposal plants and service to citizens and industrial companies avoiding overfilled containers. Additional features of the platform are the support to rapid deployment of the containers on demand having the possibility to track their position and to redirect and reschedule the waste collection activities.
In aeronautics, gas turbine engines are equipped with lubrication systems whose function is to cool and lubricate the highly loaded rolling bearings and gearboxes. Current lubrication systems are based on architectures and technologies that have not much evolved for the last 30 years and that, despite advances made on components, have reached their technological limit. Future aero-engine requirements cannot be met neither by state-of-the-art lubrication systems nor by incremental improvement. ELUBSYS will design, develop and validate innovative technologies and architectures for aero-engine lubrication systems targeting increased efficiency and reduced cost, mass and engine Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC). The primary focus is around new brush seal technologies that offer the potential to improve engine propulsive efficiency by reducing bleed air losses whilst withstanding the aero-engine s harsh environment. ELUBSYS will investigate the performance and endurance of brush seals; assess their impact on the thermal efficiency of lubrication systems and their external components and on oil quality. A secondary focus is the wider lubrication system including vent, scavenge, bearing chamber modelling and oil behaviour. Main objectives of the project are to: - Reduce engine SFC and related CO2 emissions by reducing by 60Prozent the requirement for bleed air from the engine to seal the bearing chambers and by improving the thermal management of bearing chamber housings and ports - Reduce engine oil consumption by 60Prozent - Optimise the architecture and performance of lubrication systems and thereby reduce their complexity and mass - Develop solutions to improve monitoring of engine oil quality and prevent coking in the lubrication system. These goals will be achieved by a European consortium of Industry, Research centres, Academia and SMEs who will develop and validate these new lubrication technologies using modelling approaches and existing state-of-the-art test facilities. Prime Contractor: Techspace Aero SA; Milmort Herstal; Belgique.
Flavonoids (including flavones, flavonols, catechins, isoflavones, coumestans and anthocyanins) as well as biogenetically related phenylpropanoids of plant origin (e.g. stilbenes or lignans) represent important non-nutritive secondary ingredients of vegetables and fruits. Based on epidemiological studies as well as on numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments flavonoids and other polyphenolic plant constituents are suggested to play a major role in the prevention of important chronic diseases such as cancer that affect large numbers of the human population. This protective action of dietary flavonoids and of related compounds is believed to be mainly due to their anti-oxidative activity involving scavenging of cytotoxic oxygen radicals and to inhibition of specific cancer related targets such as protein kinases and matrix metalloproteinases. For the so called 'phytoestrogens' (isoflavones, coumestans and lignans) another mode of action has been demonstrated: they bind to estrogen receptors and are able to inhibit estrogen-dependent tumor growth. Due to the described importance of flavonoids in the prevention of chronic diseases like cancer a detailed analysis of important modern and traditional Chinese vegetables with regard to their major phenolic constituents will be carried out using modern analytical methods. In addition to the elucidation of individual profiles of plant polyphenolics present in Chinese vegetables special attention will be given to the natural qualitative and quantitative variability of polyphenolic compounds as influenced by environmental factors as well as to their anti-proliferative effects against human cancer cells.
In the Atlantic Ocean sedimentary 231Pa/230Th below the production ratio of 0.093 are believed to mirror the advective export of 231Pa to the Southern Ocean due to the meridional overturning circulation (MOC). Times of shifted 231Pa/230Th related with prominent events of cooling and warming support the conclusion that variations in the MOC may incite climate changes. However, the impact of boundary scavenging on the 231Pa/230Th in the glacial Atlantic is a great matter of discussion.The goal of this project is to better understand the behaviour of 231Pa/230Th in Holocene and Glacial sediments both, in the open Ocean and in the upwelling areas in the East Atlantic. The ability to quantify possible boundary scavenging effects will substantially improve our understanding and the interpretation of sedimentary 231Pa/230Th-records as a proxy for the strength of MOC. To approach this goal sedimentary 231Pa/230Th profiles from two high-productivity cores off the coast of Namibia and one off West-Africa are compared with those from the North-, West-, and South- Atlantic Ocean. For the first time 231Pa/230Th from high productivity sediment cores from the African margin at adequate accuracy are being measured by AMS and ICP-MS. The analysis is focused on the last 30 kyr. The high accumulation rates of the selected sediment cores allow a very good time resolution. Therefore, it will be possible to examine the response of the sedimentary 231Pa/230Th to several short-term climate events (e.g. Heinrich Events).
Ziel des Vorhabens ist die Integration eines seegangsunabhängigen Ölskimmers als autarke Einheit in das Ölunfallbekämpfungsschiff MPOSS. Gefördert durch das BMBF (FKZ 18S0159) wurde der seegangsunabhängige Ölskimmer als Modul entwickelt und dessen Funktionsprinzip und Wirkungsweise optimiert (siehe Vorhabensbeschreibung). Bei den Untersuchungen wurde festgestellt, dass der mit dem Trägersystem fest verbundene Ölskimmer mit harten Spitting- und Slammingeffekten in den Seegang einsetzt. Daher ist im Rahmen des hier skizzierten Anschlussvorhabens geplant, den Skimmer als autark schwimmendes System zu konzipieren und ihn weitgehend entkoppelt vom Trägersystem zu vertäuen. Für die Beschreibung des dynamischen Systemverhaltens im Seegang werden Modellversuche durchgeführt. Weiterhin sind numerische Simulationen notwendig, die zur gezielten Dämpfung der Sloshingbewegung im Ölsammeltank sowie zu quantitativen Analysen der Ölaufnahme dienen. Zur weiteren Verbesserung des Ölabschöpfgrads wird der Ölskimmer im Gesamtsystem unter Verwendung verschiedener Ölsorten, Bugkonfigurationen sowie Ölwehrformen modifiziert und analysiert.
Die Blunk-Oel-Abschoepfbarge (BOA) hat die Aufgabe, das ins Meer geflossene Oel abzuschoepfen, es vom Meereswasser zu separieren und dann der Volkswirtschaft wieder zuzufuehren. Durch den Einsatz der BOA werden Seeflora und Fauna geschuetzt, die menschliche Ernaehrung mit gesichert und erhaelt dem Menschen durch Reinhaltung der Straende die Erholungsgebiete. Durch den Einsatz der BOA wird der Hochsee- und Kuestenfischerei die Existenzgrundlage gesichert. Auf Grund gelaufene Tanker in der Jade-Muendung koennen durch das grosse Fassungsvermoegen der BOA schnell geleichtert werden. Die Einzelprojekte der wissenschaftlichen Studie sollen die zugrundeliegenden Erkenntnisse untermauern, die effektivste Einsatzmoeglichkeit auch bei schlechtem Wetter und hoher See finden, um das Schiff damit baureif zu machen.
Ziel des Vorhabens ist die Entwicklung, Bau und Erprobung einer mehrstufigen Skimm- und Entsorgungsanlage zur Abschoepfung von Oelschlieren aus fliessenden Gewaessern. Dabei muss die Beseitigung der Oelschlieren so erfolgen, dass der Wasseranteil mit ca. 10 Prozent der abgeschoepften Menge minimiert wird. Die Verwertbarkeit der abgeschoepften Oelmenge soll dadurch gewaehrleistet sein.
1. Ziel der geplanten Arbeiten: Entwicklung eines in seiner Laengsrichtung geteilten ueberbreiten Tankschiffes, dessen Rumpfhaelften Achtern mit einem Gelenk verbunden sind, zum Einsatz als Oelfangschiff in geoeffnetem und als Kuestentanker in geschlossenem Zustand. 2. Die wissenschaftlich-technische Bedeutung liegt in der Erforschung der mit diesem Prinzip verbundenen technischen Probleme und ihrer Loesung. 3. Die Ergebnisse kommen den Tankreedern und Offshore-Firmen und im weitesten Sinne dem Umweltschutz zugute. 4. Die Notwendigkeit der Entwicklung ergibt sich aus der Gefahr, die ausgeflossenes Oel fuer die Umwelt bedeutet, sowie der Moeglichkeit eines wirtschaftlichen Einsatzes ausserhalb von Katastrophenfaellen. 5. Stand der Technik: Dieses Prinzip ist eine grundlegende Neuentwicklung. Erfahrungen mit vergleichbaren Konstruktionen sind nicht bekannt.
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