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Biogenic and fossil carbon in sewage sludge and digester gas determined by isotope investigation

Sewage sludge and digester gas are used as fuels in various installations including those participating in the European Emissions Trading System (ETS). Monitoring of the emissions from such fuels shall include all carbon dioxide from fossil sources. We analysed the distribution of biogenic and fossil carbon and potential dependencies from available data on the wastewater input characterisation based on a number of samples of sewage sludge (20) and digester gas (14) from a wide variety of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Germany. The biogenic carbon content of the sewage sludge and digester gas samples were determined by analysing the carbon-14 (14C) content using a liquid scintillation counter (LSC) after combustion to CO2. CO2 already present in the digester gas samples was included in the analysis as this CO2 also originates from the degradation of the contents of sewage. Based on the results, we suggest the input to municipal WWTPs should be characterised by the share of sewage from industry compared to total water input expressed as inhabitants equivalent. The results of the study show that if the share of sewage from industry is below 45%, sewage sludge contains about 76% biogenic carbon while the respective digester gas contains about 83% biogenic carbon. The sewage from municipal WWTPs with higher percentages of industrial wastewater (>/= 45 %) can show significantly smaller proportions of biogenic carbon. Biogenic carbon content of about 28% to 71% were determined in sewage sludge from such wastewater plants, while the respective digester gas contained about 11% to 88% biogenic carbon. The origin of the respective carbon content was not investigated. Sources like cleaning agents and detergents and other persistent synthetic substances among others, were considered as contributors to the fossil carbon in the sewage. Wastewater from industries processing chemicals etc. and fossil fuels in particular, are responsible for higher proportions of fossil carbon in the sewage sludge and digester gas. Wastewater from food processing, paper, gastronomy and the hotel sector all show the same proportion of biogenic carbon as domestic sewage. Quelle: Forschungsbericht

GTS Bulletin: FQBQ68 EDZW - Forecast (details are described in the abstract)

The FQBQ68 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (F): Forecast T1T2 (FQ): Other shipping A1A2 (BQ): Baltic Sea area (Remarks from Volume-C: FORECAST (2 DAYS) FOR THE BALTIC SEA (IN ENGLISH))

GTS Bulletin: FQEN50 EDZW - Forecast (details are described in the abstract)

The FQEN50 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (F): Forecast T1T2 (FQ): Other shipping A1A2 (EN): Northern Europe (Remarks from Volume-C: WEATHER REPORT NORTH SEA AND BALTIC SEA (IN GERMAN))

GTS Bulletin: FQEN70 EDZW - Forecast (details are described in the abstract)

The FQEN70 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (F): Forecast T1T2 (FQ): Other shipping A1A2 (EN): Northern Europe (Remarks from Volume-C: WEATHER REPORT NORTH SEA AND BALTIC SEA (IN ENGLISH))

GTS Bulletin: SNVX21 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SNVX21 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SN): Non-standard synoptic hour (Remarks from Volume-C: SHIP)

GTS Bulletin: SNVX22 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SNVX22 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SN): Non-standard synoptic hour (Remarks from Volume-C: SHIP)

GTS Bulletin: SNVX81 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SNVX81 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SN): Non-standard synoptic hour (Remarks from Volume-C: SHIP)

GTS Bulletin: SNAA21 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SNAA21 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SN): Non-standard synoptic hour A1A2 (AA): Antarctic(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 89011;89047;)

GTS Bulletin: ISND36 AMDS - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISND36 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 01, 02, 04, 05, ... UTC) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere (Remarks from Volume-C: NATIONAL AUTOMATIC SYNOP)

GTS Bulletin: ISND71 AMDW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISND71 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 01, 02, 04, 05, ... UTC) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere (Remarks from Volume-C: NATIONAL AUTOMATIC SYNOP)

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