Die überblicksweise Überwachung dient der Bewertung des Zustands und langfristiger Veränderungen und wird in Schleswig-Holstein an den fünf großen Seen größer 10 km² Seefläche durchgeführt. Eine überblicksweise chemische Überwachung findet mindestens einmal in sechs Jahren statt. Bei der biologischen Überwachung der Seen liegt das Intervall bei einem bis drei Jahren.
Die operative Überwachung wird an 67 Seen mit einer Seefläche größer 50 ha durchgeführt, welche die geltenden Umweltziele wahrscheinlich nicht erfüllen, um das Ausmaß und die Auswirkung der Belastungen und die Wirkung der durchgeführten Maßnahmen beurteilen zu können, sowie an Wasserkörpern, in die prioritäre Stoffe eingeleitet werden. Hierbei werden solche biologischen Qualitätskomponenten und stoffliche Parameter überwacht, die auf die Belastungen am empfindlichsten bzw. deutlichsten reagieren. Der Untersuchungsumfang wird während des Bewirtschaftungszeitraums den Erfordernissen angepasst.
Extremophiles maintain an active metabolism up to 122 °C (Takai et al. 2008). These extreme conditions are found, for example in hot springs, in deep oceanic and crustal sediments and in hydrothermal vents at mid-oceanic spreading ridges (Edwards et al., 2011; Heuer et al., 2020). Several studies have investigated the diversity of microorganisms and their relationship to the geological environment as well as to responses to changes. However, the physicochemical parameters necessary to sustain metabolism under these conditions, including the stability of essential molecular compounds like adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) have been only studied marginally. Adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate are essential energy stores in all currently known metabolic systems. In living cells, the energy is released by the enzymatically controlled exergonic hydrolysis of ATP to power other vital endergonic processes. The abiotic hydrolysis of ATP is kinetically enhanced at elevated temperatures and low pH values resulting in a very short lifetime of ATP and ADP in aqueous solutions (Hulett 1970; Khan and Mohan 1974; Leibrock et al. 1995). Therefore, the kinetic stability of ATP plays a crucial role in metabolism at extreme temperatures. This aspect has been proposed as a critical factor in determining the limits of living cells (Bains et al. 2015). This data publication compromises all Raman spectra obtained for solutions of Na2ATP with an initial pH of 3 and 7 at 80 °C, 100 °C and 120 °C and for solutions of Na2ADP with initial pH 5 at 100 °C and 120 °C. A hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) coupled to a Raman spectrometer was used for in-situ measurements. Pressure was estimated from the vapor-liquid curve of water. In addition to the Raman spectra, the following data are provided: an assignment of peaks in the fitted spectral range, the initial fit parameters, and the fit results.
Die BAW (Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau) führt im Auftrag der WSV (Wasserstraßen- und Schifffahrtsverwaltung des Bundes) umfangreiche F&E-Untersuchungen (Forschung- und Entwicklung) zur Klimafolgenforschung sowie zur Auswirkung geplanter Ausbaumaßnahmen an Seeschifffahrtsstraßen durch. Hierfür werden hochauflösende dreidimensionale numerische Simulationsmodelle eingesetzt. Die Aussagefähigkeit und Qualität der Simulationsergebnisse ist hierbei entscheidend von der Güte der Steuerung an den Modellrändern abhängig. Die Modelltopographie (= "Rechengitter") und die verwendeten hydrologischen Bedingungen auf den Modellrändern sollten möglichst einen identischen Zeitraum repräsentieren. Da die Modelltopographien für die Modellgebiete des "Jade-Weser" und des "Elbe" - Modells der BAW im Jahr 2012 neu aufgebaut worden sind, ist im Sommer 2012 ein Messprogramm zur Erfassung der hydrologischen Randbedingungen durchgeführt worden. Zu diesem Zweck hat die BAW - Dienstort Hamburg ein Messnetz aus insgesamt 13 Beobachtungsstationen entlang der Steueränder der numerischen Modellsysteme eingerichtet. Mindestens über den Zeitraum eines "Nipp-Spring-Zyklus" (~ 14 Tage) wurden in verschiedenen Gerätekonfigurationen folgende Parameter gemessen: CTD-Messungen (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth): - Wasserspiegelauslenkung (Tidekurve) - Salinität - Temperatur - Trübung (teilweise) Für Zwecke der Modellvalidierung sind auf einem ca. 10 km parallel in das Modellgebiet verschobenen Rand ADCP-Messungen (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler): - Strömungs- und - Seegangsmessungen (teilweise) durchgeführt worden. Soweit verfügbar sind Daten der von der WSV betriebenen Pegelstationen einbezogen worden. Für meterologische Informationen stehen Daten des DWD zur Verfügung (Quelle: Deutscher Wetterdienst).
Ocean velocities were collected by a Teledyne RD Instruments 600 kHz RiverRay ADCP that was mounted on an autonomous surface catamaran along a predefined transect pattern on March 09th 2023 during RV HEINCKE cruise HE614. The transducer was located at 0.257 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in single-ping, broadband mode with automatically selected bins (ranging from 0.1 - 0.8 m) depending on water depth and a blanking distance of 0.25 m. The catamaran's velocity was calculated from position fixes obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Heading, pitch and roll data from the ADCP's internal gyrocompass and the navigation data were used by the data acquisition software ViSea DAS (AquaVision®) internally to convert ADCP velocities into earth coordinates. Accuracy of the ADCP velocities mainly depends on the quality of the position fixes and the catamaran's heading data.
During this short cruise, we explored the potential of acoustic echo sounding techniques (wideband single-beam and multibeam systems) for the quantitative investigation of turbulence and other small-scale processes in the water column. These activities were embedded in the research project „Four dimensional Research applying Modeling and Observations for the Sea and Atmosphere“ (FORMOSA), funded by the German Leibniz-Association (WGL) in the framework of the national funding line “Cooperative Excellence”. The cruise took place in May 2021 in the Kattegat region and the western Baltic Sea (Arkona Basin). Our activities focused on the mixing of salty North Sea waters and brackish outflow waters from the Baltic Sea in the Kattegat region with the help of turbulence microstructure and acoustic observations. Measurements were conducted by scientists from IOW in collaboration with project partners from Stockholm University (Sweden) and an additional engineering group from Rostock University (Germany).
Ocean velocities were collected by a Teledyne RDI 1200 kHz Workhorse Sentinel II ADCP that was mounted on RV SENCKENBERG during RV SENCKENBERG cruise SE202208-2. The transducer was located at 1.5 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in single-ping, broadband mode with bin size of 0.25 m and a blanking distance of 0.25 m. The velocity of the ship was calculated from position fixes obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS) received at a Trimble SPS461 Modular GPS Heading Receiver. Heading was obtained both from the Trimble receiver and the internal ADCP gyro. Heading as well as pitch and roll data from ADCP's internal gyrocompass and the navigation data were used by the data acquisition software ViSea DAS (AquaVision®) internally to convert ADCP velocities into earth coordinates. Accuracy of the ADCP velocities mainly depends on the quality of the position fixes as well as Trimble receiver and internal ADCP heading data. Further errors stem from a misalignment of the transducer with RV SENCKENBERG's centerline.
Ocean velocities were collected by a Teledyne RDI 1200 kHz Workhorse Sentinel II ADCP that was mounted on RV SENCKENBERG during RV SENCKENBERG cruise SE202208-1. The transducer was located at 1.5 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in single-ping, broadband mode with bin size of 0.25 m and a blanking distance of 0.25 m. The velocity of the ship was calculated from position fixes obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS) received at a Trimble SPS461 Modular GPS Heading Receiver. Heading was obtained both from the Trimble receiver and the internal ADCP gyro. Heading as well as pitch and roll data from ADCP's internal gyrocompass and the navigation data were used by the data acquisition software ViSea DAS (AquaVision®) internally to convert ADCP velocities into earth coordinates. Accuracy of the ADCP velocities mainly depends on the quality of the position fixes as well as Trimble receiver and internal ADCP heading data. Further errors stem from a misalignment of the transducer with RV SENCKENBERG's centerline.
Ocean velocities were collected by a Teledyne RDI 1200 kHz Workhorse Sentinel II ADCP that was mounted on RV SENCKENBERG during RV SENCKENBERG cruise SE202206-1. The transducer was located at 1.5 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in single-ping, broadband mode with bin size of 0.25 m and a blanking distance of 0.25 m. The velocity of the ship was calculated from position fixes obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS) received at a Trimble SPS461 Modular GPS Heading Receiver. Heading was obtained both from the Trimble receiver and the internal ADCP gyro. Heading as well as pitch and roll data from ADCP's internal gyrocompass and the navigation data were used by the data acquisition software ViSea DAS (AquaVision®) internally to convert ADCP velocities into earth coordinates. Accuracy of the ADCP velocities mainly depends on the quality of the position fixes as well as Trimble receiver and internal ADCP heading data. Further errors stem from a misalignment of the transducer with RV SENCKENBERG's centerline.
Vessel-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements were carried out to acquire velocity profiles at two sites north (start: latitude & longitude: 54.229515,7.8437233) and northwest (start: latitude & longitude: 54.20431,7.862079) of Helgoland (Germany) during neap tide in June 2022 (29.06.2022 and 30.06.2022). The parallel transect method was adopted to acquire data over a semidiurnal tidal cycle that spanned 13 hours. On both days, surveys were conducted in a way where all the transects were traversed multiple times only from one direction. Each transect was ~1500 m and had a spacing of ~150 m. With a vessel speed of ~4 to 5 knots, each circuit formed by the 4 transect lines was traversed about ~13 times during the survey period of 13 hours. The measurements were conducted in bottom tracking mode with a 614.4-kHz Teledyne RD Instruments WorkHorse broadband ADCP. The ADCP was installed in convex and Janus configuration with a beam angle of 20 degrees to the supporting pole from the starboard side of the ship FK Littorina. The transducer face of the ADCP was 1.16 m below the water level, with a blank after transmitting (WF) set to 0.44 m. The ADCP was operated in a dynamic sea state (WM1) profiling mode with a depth cell length (WS) of 0.5 m and a total of 80 depth cells (WN). The bottom track pings per ensemble (BP) and pings per ensemble (WP) were set to 1; thus, 1 ensemble has 2 pings. The depth range covered by the ADCP is 2.10 m to 41.60 m. The data acquisition software ViSea DAS from Aqua Vision (https://aquavision.nl/services/visea-users/) used pitch and roll data from the ADCP's internal built-in motion reference unit and navigation and heading data from an auxiliary unit onboard the research vessel on a serial RS-232 interface to convert ADCP velocities into earth coordinates. The navigational data received correction signals to receive RTK "fix" status during the survey period, and the ADCP offsets were determined before the surveys to ensure the thoroughness and reliability of the data collection process.
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