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Spatial distribution of aerosol and meteorological parameters measured during flight SourceFFR_ALADINA_20241017_14 with the UAS ALADINA near Frankfurt airport in October 2024

Exposure to ultrafine aerosol particles (UFPs) can cause adverse effects on human health, local environment and climate. Air traffic is associated with the emission of high numbers of UFPs, which results in increased UFP number concentrations close to airports. So far, the spatial distribution and variability of UFPs is poorly understood in the atmospheric boundary layer. The uncrewed aerial system (UAS) ALADINA (Application of Lightweight Aircraft for Detecting In-situ Aerosols, e.g. Altstädter et al., 2015) was operated close to the largest airport in Germany at Frankfurt airport (FRA) between 11 and 19 October 2024. The dataset provides airborne in-situ observations of the spatial distribution of aerosol particle number concentration with different sizes and meteorological parameters of temperature, humidity, wind, surface temperature and short-wave irradiance, as well as accurate position and orientation of ALADINA. Data are available from 26 measurement flights, comprising a number of 122 vertical profiles between ground and a maximum altitude of 750 m above mean sea level (ASL) and about 70 horizontal legs at different but constant altitude, e.g. in 100 m altitude intervals. Details about the ALADINA measurements will be provided in a publication (Harm-Altstädter et al., in prep.) soon.

METOP GOME-2 - Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - Global

Gridded Level 3 SO2 total column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. Volcanoes are the largest soures of SO2 in the atmosphere, depending on the erruption the Sulfurous compounds can be injected into stratosphere but in most cases it stays within the troposphere. Another important source is the coal combustion. Desulfurisation facilities within the power stations have reduced the sulfur emissions around the globe. In the stratosphere sulfur is a key component for building up aerosols, which reflect parts of the solar irradiation. The total SO2 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the ultraviolet wavelength region [using the DOAS method]. Depending on the plume SO2 can be a very strong absorber, because of that the ODAS retrieval might have some smaller issues, they can be reduced by choosing different wavelenght ranges depending on the signal. We apply three different fitting windows between 310 and 360nm. For the AMF, we assume a plumeheight of 6 km altitude. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

Spatial distribution of aerosol and meteorological parameters measured during flight SourceFFR_ALADINA_20241018_20 with the UAS ALADINA near Frankfurt airport in October 2024

Exposure to ultrafine aerosol particles (UFPs) can cause adverse effects on human health, local environment and climate. Air traffic is associated with the emission of high numbers of UFPs, which results in increased UFP number concentrations close to airports. So far, the spatial distribution and variability of UFPs is poorly understood in the atmospheric boundary layer. The uncrewed aerial system (UAS) ALADINA (Application of Lightweight Aircraft for Detecting In-situ Aerosols, e.g. Altstädter et al., 2015) was operated close to the largest airport in Germany at Frankfurt airport (FRA) between 11 and 19 October 2024. The dataset provides airborne in-situ observations of the spatial distribution of aerosol particle number concentration with different sizes and meteorological parameters of temperature, humidity, wind, surface temperature and short-wave irradiance, as well as accurate position and orientation of ALADINA. Data are available from 26 measurement flights, comprising a number of 122 vertical profiles between ground and a maximum altitude of 750 m above mean sea level (ASL) and about 70 horizontal legs at different but constant altitude, e.g. in 100 m altitude intervals. Details about the ALADINA measurements will be provided in a publication (Harm-Altstädter et al., in prep.) soon.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Aerosol Index (AI), Level 3 – Global

Aerosol Index (AI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AI is an indicator for episodic aerosol plumes from dust outbreaks, volcanic ash, and biomass burning. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Messung des spektralen Extinktionskoeffizienten atmosphärischer Aerosole bei Umgebungsbedingungen und Charakterisierung der hygroskopischen Eigenschaften in Quellregionen (beeinflusst durch: MARINE - DUST - SMOKE) mit Hilfe von SÆMS, LIDAR und in-situ Methoden.

Im Rahmen des Projektes soll der spektrale Extinktionskoeffizient des unbeeinflussten atmosphärischen Aerosols bei 3 Wellenlängen (405, 532, 850 nm) mit einem neu entwickelten portablen SAEMS (Spectral Aerosol Extinction Monitoring System) in Kombination mit einem Ramanlidar untersucht werden. Dieses Fernmessverfahren soll weltweit in ausgewählten Quellregionen mit charakteristischen, unterschiedlichen Aerosoltypen (marines Aerosol, Mineralstaubaerosol, Biomasseverbrennungsaerosol) und natürlichen Aerosolmischungen eingesetzt werden. Das Messsystem wird mit Feuchte- und Temperatursensoren ausgestattet sein damit speziell auch die Änderung der optischen Eigenschaften der atmosphärischen Partikel bei realistischen Umgebungsfeuchtebedingungen erfasst wird. Die Wegstreckenauswahl dieses Aufbaus wird für die jeweiligen Aerosolbedingungen optimiert (horizontale Messstreckenlänge 1-3 km, 10-20 m über dem Boden). Die hygroskopischen Eigenschaften des Aerosols im Umgebungsfeuchtebereich sollen spezifisch für den jeweiligen Einsatzort bestimmt werden und eine aerosoltypabhängige Parametrisierung erarbeitet werden. Ziel ist langfristig die Charakterisierung der Aerosolsäule durch Kombination von bodengebundenen in-situ Methoden und Fernmessverfahren und sowie eine systematische Untersuchung des Feuchteeinflusses auf die aerosoloptischen Eigenschaften. Dazu soll die automatisierte Ermittlung des Extinktionskoeffizienten im bodennahen Bereich in den kontinuierlichen Messbetrieb der mobilen Landstation LACROS (Leipzig Aerosol and Cloud Remote Observations System) des TROPOS integriert werden. Derartige Untersuchungen sind von großer Wichtigkeit für die Klimamodellierung (Parametrisierung der Strahlungswechselwirkung von Aerosolen) sowie der Synthese der aktiven Fernerkundung (Bestimmung der optischen Eigenschaften der Aerosolsäule) und der mikrophysikalischen Eigenschaften durch in-situ Bodenmessungen.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Single-Scattering Albedo (ASSA), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol single-scattering albedo (ASSA) as derived from TROPOMI observations. ASSA is a measure of how much light is scattered by aerosols compared to how much is absorbed. It is important for understanding the impact of aerosols on climate and radiative forcing. ASSA is unitless; a value of unity implies that extinction is completely due to scattering; conversely, a single-scattering albedo of zero implies that extinction is completely due to absorption. Daily ASSA observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Entwicklung von tropischer hochreichender Konvektion abgeleitet aus bodengebundenen abbildenden Spektroradiometermessungen

Im Rahmen des Projekts soll aus bodengebundenen Wolkenseitenmessungen der reflektierten Strahlung mittels eines abbildenden Spektrometersystems von tropischer hochreichender Konvektion auf das Vertikalprofil der mikrophysikalischen Eigenschaften der Wolke geschlossen werden. Damit soll die vertikale Entwicklung von hochreichender Konvektion, die eine wesentliche klimarelevante Rolle spielt, unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses von Aerosolpartikeln und von thermodynamischen Bedingungen auf das Tropfenwachstum charakterisiert werden. Die geplanten Messungen sollen auf einem 320 m hohen Messturm (ATTO: Amazonian Tall Tower Observatory), der kürzlich im brasilianischen Regenwald errichtet wurde, stattfinden. ATTO ist mit Messgeräten ausgestattet, die meteorologische, chemische und Aerosolparameter liefern. Die Messregion bietet ideale Beobachtungsbedingungen mit klar definierten Jahreszeiten (Regen- und Trockenzeit), täglicher Konvektion und variablen Aerosolbedingungen. Aus den Messungen eines neuen abbildenden Spektrometersystems, SPIRAS (SPectral Imaging Radiation System) sollen Vertikalprofile der thermodynamischen Phase und der Partikelgröße mit hoher zeitlicher und räumlicher Auflösung und mit Hilfe von adaptierten Verfahren unter Verwendung von dreidimensionalen Strahlungstransportsimulationen abgeleitet werden. Damit sollen vertikale Bereiche, die das Tropfenwachstum beschreiben (Diffusion, Koaleszenz, Mischphasenbereich und Vereisung), identifiziert werden. Zusätzliche Messungen einer Infrarotkamera und eines scannenden Depolarisations-Lidars werden für die Höhen- und Temperaturbestimmung der beobachteten Wolkenelemente herangezogen. Zusätzlich werden die Polarisationsmessungen des Lidars zur Bestimmung der thermodynamischen Phase verwendet, um den wichtigen Phasenübergang zu identifizieren. Mit Hilfe der gewonnenen Daten werden außerdem Annahmen (Effektivradius als konservative Wolkeneigenschaft) wie sie von Ableitungsverfahren zur Bestimmung von mikrophysikalischen Wolkenprofilen aus Satellitenmessungen gemacht werden, überprüft.

Spatial distribution of aerosol and meteorological parameters measured during flight SourceFFR_ALADINA_20241018_25 with the UAS ALADINA near Frankfurt airport in October 2024

Exposure to ultrafine aerosol particles (UFPs) can cause adverse effects on human health, local environment and climate. Air traffic is associated with the emission of high numbers of UFPs, which results in increased UFP number concentrations close to airports. So far, the spatial distribution and variability of UFPs is poorly understood in the atmospheric boundary layer. The uncrewed aerial system (UAS) ALADINA (Application of Lightweight Aircraft for Detecting In-situ Aerosols, e.g. Altstädter et al., 2015) was operated close to the largest airport in Germany at Frankfurt airport (FRA) between 11 and 19 October 2024. The dataset provides airborne in-situ observations of the spatial distribution of aerosol particle number concentration with different sizes and meteorological parameters of temperature, humidity, wind, surface temperature and short-wave irradiance, as well as accurate position and orientation of ALADINA. Data are available from 26 measurement flights, comprising a number of 122 vertical profiles between ground and a maximum altitude of 750 m above mean sea level (ASL) and about 70 horizontal legs at different but constant altitude, e.g. in 100 m altitude intervals. Details about the ALADINA measurements will be provided in a publication (Harm-Altstädter et al., in prep.) soon.

Poster: Risks of Solar Radiation Modification (SRM)

SRM is supposed to mask global warming by enhancing the earth’s albedo, for example by stratospheric aerosol injection. Thus altering the whole climate system, SRM would impact most areas of life. The risks for geopolitics, mitigation deterrence, ecosystems, justice, food security and water availability are illustrated in this graphic. Veröffentlicht in Poster.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Surface Nitrogendioxide (NO2), Level 4 – Regional (Germany and neighboring countries)

The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product displays the Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) near surface concentration for Germany and neighboring countries as derived from the POLYPHEMUS/DLR air quality model. Surface NO2 is mainly generated by anthropogenic sources, e.g. transport and industry. POLYPHEMUS/DLR is a state-of-the-art air quality model taking into consideration - meteorological conditions, - photochemistry, - anthropogenic and natural (biogenic) emissions, - TROPOMI NO2 observations for data assimilation. This Level 4 air quality product (surface NO2 at 15:00 UTC) is based on innovative algorithms, processors, data assimilation schemes and operational processing and dissemination chain developed in the framework of the INPULS project. The DLR project INPULS develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

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