The dataset contains temperature, salinity, oxygen saturation, chlorophyll a and turbidity data from the Helgoland MarGate underwater observatory from the year 2024 in a temporal resolution of 1 hour. The cabled observatory is located in 10m water depth and comprises single or multiple sensors for a specific parameter (see https://www.awi.de/en/science/biosciences/shelf-sea-system-ecology/main-research-focus/cosyna/underwater-node-helgoland.html). For a detailed description of the data see associated metadatafile metadata_heluwobs_2024_hydrography.pdf.
In continuation of the previous cruises (Sternfahrten) we covered a similar area with the RVs Ludwig Prandtl and Mya II. All instruments were set up in the MOSES laboratory container. Standard hydrographic parameters were determined with a pocket ferrybox running with ship's surface water supply. In addition, dissolved methane was determined continuously. We used a degassing unit which was using surface water from the ship's water supply. The gas mixture was subsequently analysed with a Greenhouse Gas Analyzer from LosGatos. Conversion to methane concentration was performed with water samples, from which the methane content was determined with gas chromatography. Atmospheric methane concentrations were obtained from the ICOS-station Helgoland. Wind speed was obtained from the ships meteorological systems. The diffusive flux was calculated as outlined in the additional meta data description.
The dataset contains temperature, salinity, oxygen saturation, chlorophyll a and turbidity data from the Helgoland MarGate underwater observatory from the year 2023 in a temporal resolution of 1 hour. The cabled observatory is located in 10m water depth and comprises single or multiple sensors for a specific parameter (see https://www.awi.de/en/science/biosciences/shelf-sea-system-ecology/main-research-focus/cosyna/underwater-node-helgoland.html). For a detailed description of the data see associated metadatafile metadata_heluwobs_2023_hydrography.pdf.
The dataset contains temperature, salinity, oxygen saturation, chlorophyll a and turbidity data from the Helgoland MarGate underwater observatory from the year 2022 in a temporal resolution of 1 hour. The cabled observatory is located in 10m water depth and comprises single or multiple sensors for a specific parameter (see https://www.awi.de/en/science/biosciences/shelf-sea-system-ecology/main-research-focus/cosyna/underwater-node-helgoland.html). For a detailed description of the data see associated metadatafile metadata_heluwobs_2022_hydrography.pdf.
In winter 2023/24 a high precipitation rate in northern and eastern Germany increased the run-off volume of the Elbe and Weser rivers tremendously. The MOSES Sternfahrt-11 was conducted during and directly after the flood event, between 28th of December 2023 and 29th of January 2024 to identify its influence on the solution of different indication parameters. On January 10th and 11th in total seven samples within the port of Hamburg and the Elbe Estuary were taken from HPS ships and the Glückstadt ferry. The last two ships Mya II and Littorina covered the outflow of the Elbe into the German Bight. Both Ships had a transportable container laboratory (MOSES container) with a sensor system (see additional metadata) on board, measuring continuously different environmental data. Mya II started sampling on the 17th of January in Cuxhaven, cruising along the northern part of the German Bight towards Büsum. The second day the crew headed west towards Helgoland. The following crew on Littorina took over for the last two days, the 28th and 29th of January, covering the western part of the German Bight between Helgoland and Cuxhaven.
As the previous cruises were mainly conducted in August / September, this cruise was set up to cover a late spring situation in the German Bight. The cruise track and positions of the stations were similar to Sternfahrt_5 in September 2020, thus covering a wide range from 7.6°E to 8.9°E and from 53.5°N to 54.8°N. Continuous sampling for Chlorophyll-a and dissolved organic matter from the Elbe, Tide-Elbe and North Sea and subsequent detailed analysis at the UFZ will give new insights on the chemical transformations of these compounds. The southern North Sea (German Bight) is influenced by the water flowing into the Tide-Elbe area and how it is further modified. For a better understanding of the different branches of relevant events it is necessary to investigate the main impacting factors for the terrestrial and coastal water quality. Therefore, during different cruises between 2019 and 2022 a group of parameters was continuously traced from the Elbe River basin (Czech/German border) to Tide-Elbe and Elbe estuary (Hamburg, Germany) until the German Bight. The vessel Littorina started already on the 29th of May in Kiel heading to the assembly point Cuxhaven and setting up the sensor systems. On May 30th all ships began the cruise traveling to Heligoland, nevertheless only the Ludwig Prandtl and Littorina could realize the first inter-calibration station (see file description) in front of Cuxhaven. An inter-calibration with all ships was conducted the next morning (31st of May) in front of Heligoland, before they went separate ways. While the Littorina crew covered the eastern part of the sampling area going towards Büsum, the scientists from Ludwig Prandtl headed further North to the island Amrum and the Uthörn covered the western part (see map in additional metadata). Littorina followed on the way to Büsum a more direct track, while on its way back to Heligoland on June 1st, the crew took a different route to extend the area further north. On the 2nd of June they travelled straight back to Cuxhaven to the last joined station with all three vessels. Instead, Ludwig Prandtl stayed the third and fourth day around Amrum, where they had to start sampling early in the morning (03:44h, 03:30h), due to the tide dependent entrance to the port. From there they headed directly back to Cuxhaven. The vessel Uthörn made a circuit north of Heligoland on the second day. On the third day the crew navigated from Heligoland to Cuxhaven and back to Heligoland in a triangle form. The last day the vessel headed back to Bremerhaven with a detour in Cuxhaven. Thus, all vessels closed the survey on the 2nd of June with a last inter-calibration station off Cuxhaven at about 10h. Additional information about the whole campaign and different cruises can be found in the article(s) cited, see also 'related to'.
The Sternfahrt-10 of the MOSES campaign, from 29th August until the 15th of September 2023, had two objectives. One was to follow the dispersion of pollutants, previously observed during the Elbe-Freshwater and Elbe-Tidal cruises, transported by the Elbe water into the North Sea. And second, on this occasion, the distribution of the Elbe water within the German Bight should be followed. To realize this, two drifter groups were deployed in the southern and, respectively, northern branch of the Elbe valley, which were continuously monitored by scientists at the Hereon institute. Further, the drifters were subsequently followed by three ships (RV Ludwig Prandtl, RV Littorina, RV Mya II), for in total three weeks, to measure hydrographic parameters multiple times along their journey. Additionally, to this stationary sampling, basic hydrographic parameters and dissolved methane were measured continuously along the tracks (content of the presented dataset). To ensure the comparability of the data from all three vessels a container was transferred from ship to ship. This "MOSES laboratory-container" was equipped with several sensors, amongst others a pocket FerryBox and a Greenhouse Gas Analyser (Los Gatos). The Ludwig Prandtl started the campaign on August 29th in Cuxhaven and deployed the drifters in the respective areas of the Elbe outflow section of the German Bight. Until the 1st of September the crew followed the drifters to sample this water body. Not all drifters could be reached every day, because it was too shallow, in this case the vessels occupied MOSES hydrographic stations from previous Sternfahrt cruises. On September 4th the vessel Littorina took over and started the second part of the campaign navigating from Cuxhaven to Heligoland covering as many drifter positions as possible. Until the 7th of September the crew sampled in the north eastern part of Heligoland up to Büsum. The handover of the container for the last episode of the cruise took place in Heligoland to the vessel Mya II. From there the crew navigated on September 12th towards west off the island Amrum. In the following days until September 14th, they sampled west off Heligoland to west off St. Peter-Ording. For more details about the exact tracks of the ships, have a look at the added map. More detailed information about the MOSES project and the Sternfahrten, see article cited in references.
The Sternfahrt-10 of the MOSES campaign, from 29th August until the 15th of September 2023, had two objectives. One was to follow the dispersion of pollutants transported by the Elbe water into the North Sea, previously observed during the Elbe-Freshwater and Elbe-Tidal cruises. And second the distribution of the Elbe water within the German Bight. Therefore, drifter groups were deployed to follow individual water parcels. Those drifters were followed subsequently by three ships (RV Ludwig Prandtl, RV Littorina, RV Mya II), to extend the time period of measurements. Along the tracks, water samples were taken close to the drifters, alternatively at stations from previous cruises, resulting in 12 to 24 sampling points per week. In terms to detect the concentration of a variety of nutrients and carbon compounds from the south-eastern North Sea up to the island Amrum. Additionally, basic hydrographic parameters and greenhouse gases were sampled continuously throughout the whole cruise. Those results are not part of the present dataset, but can be found here, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971874. To ensure the comparability of the measured parameters a transportable container laboratory was passed from ship to ship always equipped with the same sensor systems. Just for specific water samples some special equipment was added. A map of the different tracks as well as information about the used sensors and data treatment, you can find in the additional material. For more detailed information about the MOSES Project and the cruise Sternfahrt-10, see the article cited in references.
The main objective of this Sternfahrt-8, from 10th to 16th September 2021, was to assess the temporal variance of oceanographic real time data in the Elbe influence area of the German Bight (North Sea). Therefore, the participating Ships should repeat the same tracks for four days (see map). One ship (RV Uthörn) covered the western part between Cuxhaven and Heligoland, the second ship (RV Littorina) went to the northern part between Heligoland and Büsum and the third vessel (RV Ludwig Prandtl) should have covered the middle part of the study area, but due to vandalism damage it could not participate on the cruise. During the whole cruise chemical and physical data were recorded continuously along the tracks. Additionally, discrete water samples were taken on six stations along the way for further analysis in the laboratory. The latter data is not included in the present dataset, and can be accessed via https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.963455. For more information about the MOSES campaign and the "Sternfahrten" cruises see article cited in references.
The southern North Sea (German Bight) is influenced by the inflowing water in the Tide-Elbe area and how it is further modified. For a better understanding of the different branches of relevant events it is necessary to investigate which are the main impacting factors for the terrestrial and coastal water quality. Therefore, during different cruises between 2019 and 2022 a group of parameters was continuously traced from the Elbe River basin (Czech/German border) to Tide-Elbe and Elbe estuary (Hamburg, Germany) until the German Bight. This dataset is about the cruise "Sternfahrt 5" from August 31 to September 03 in 2020, with the objective to detect the spatial extension of the riverine influence of Elbe and Weser. Therefore, three research vessels have been involved to cover a broad area of the German Bight between Hamburg, Heligoland and Sylt. All three research vessels (Littorina, Ludwig Prandtl and Mya II) started together on the first day from Cuxhaven to Heligoland. The first day and whenever two or three of the ships met, one measuring was made together as inter-calibration station (for more details, see file description), in total four. From the second day the ship Littorina travelled between Heligoland and Büsum, one track each day. The Ludwig Prandtl headed the second day towards Wyk auf Föhr. Afterwards the crew navigated further north towards Sylt and turning back to Wyk on the same day. The last day they went back from there to Cuxhaven meeting with the vessel Littorina for a last inter-calibration station. The vessel Mya II instead was navigating on the second and third day first to Bremerhaven and on a more western track back to Heligoland. To also cover the northern part of the research area, on the last day the crew travelled to Sylt, the home harbour of the vessel. Therefore, it was not participating on the last inter-calibration station off Cuxhaven. All ships took measurements of basic hydrographic parameters (salinity, temperature, oxygen saturation, pH) and atmospheric and dissolved greenhouse gases (methane and carbon dioxide). The parameters were measured continuously on the way by specific sensors submerged in a water reservoir on deck which was supplied with surface water (about 1m depth) from the underway water supply of the vessel. Methane and carbon dioxide were measured in the surface water and in the atmosphere with the sensors "LosGatos" and "Picarro". Ferrybox systems measured physical and chemical oceanographic parameters including salinity, temperature, pH. At specific stations along the tracks additionally vertical profiles were taken as well as water samples from the surface. The respective data can be found in: Bussmann, Ingeborg, Flöser, Götz, Geißler, Felix (2021): Carbon compounds, nutrients and pigments from water samples from MOSES project's cruise Sternfahrt 5. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934894. Further profile data can be found in the AWI O2A-Database as download. Additional information about the whole campaign and different cruises can be found in the article(s) cited.
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