Das beantragte Projekt zielt auf die Entwicklung eines Analyserasters zur integrierten Bewertung von Politikmaßnahmen in Ländern mit Wasserstress. Die Entwicklung erfolgt am Beispiel Jordaniens. Das Land ist ein repräsentatives Beispiel für aride Regionen, in denen die sozialen Veränderungen und die Entwicklung der natürlichen Systeme in absehbarer Weise zu ernsthaften Problemen bei der Wasserversorgung führen werden. Bestehende Wasserressourcen-Modelle vernachlässigen die wichtige Wechselwirkungen zwischen hydrologischen und sozioökonomischen Komponenten, was zu einer einseitigen Betrachtung führt. Politische Entscheidungen, die langfristig tragfähig sein sollen, erfordern hingegen eine holistische Analyse. Unser interdisziplinäres Team wird ein quantitatives Bewertungs-Tool entwickeln, mit dem Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Nachhaltigkeit des Süßwassersystems untersucht werden können. Betrachtet werden technische, institutionelle und politische Maßnahmen, die unter anderem das Tarif- und Subventionssystem, den Wassermarkt, die Wasserverteilung und das grenzüberschreitende Wassermanagement beeinflussen bzw. steuern. Wir werden dazu ein modulares, agenten-basiertes hydroökonomisches Modell konstruieren, bei dem die verschiedenen Module das wissenschaftlich Wissen aus der Hydrologie, der Agronomie und der Ökonomie aufgreifen und mit den idiosynkratische Wissen aus der Praxis zu einem kohärenten Gesamtbild verknüpfen. Die Module werden durch verschiedene Feed-back-Schleifen miteinander verbunden. Das Modell kombiniert Simulationen natürlicher Phänomene (Grundwasser-Oberflächenwasser-Fluss, Anbauertrag, Boden- und Wassersalzgehalt) mit Simulationen menschlicher Entscheidungen auf politisch-institutioneller Ebene und auf Ebene der einzelnen Wassernutzer (Trinkwassernutzung, Bewässerung, Regulationen, Allokation, Oberlieger-Unterlieger-Probleme und Grenzkonflikte, Handel). Wir werden damit eine große Bandbreite von bestehenden Politikmaßnahmen quantitativ analysieren und bewerten können und darauf aufbauend Vorschläge für neue Maßnahmen entwickeln. Unsere Analyseergebnisse zu Möglichkeiten und Risiken der alten und neuen Politikoptionen werden wir mit Stakeholdern diskutieren und deren Hinweise in unsere Empfehlungen aufnehmen. Unser Projekt legt die Grundlage für die Entwicklung eines integrierten Analyse- und Bewertungsrasters für Regionen mit Wasserstress weltweit.
The HGF Alliance 'Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics' aims at the development and evaluation of novel bio/geo-physical information products derived from data acquired by a new generation of remote sensing satellites; and their integration in Earth system models for improving understanding and modelling ability of global environmental processes and ecosystem change. The Earth system comprises a multitude of processes that are intimately meshed through complex interactions. In times of accelerated global change, the understanding and quantification of these processes is of primary importance. Spaceborne remote sensing sensors are predestined to produce bio-geo-information products on a global scale. The upcoming generation of spaceborne remote sensing configurations will be able to provide global data sets and products with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution in the context of a consistent and systematic observation strategy. The integration of these data sets in existing environmental and climate science components will allow a new global view of the Earth system and its dynamics, initiating a performance leap in ecosystem and climate change modelling.
Sustainable governance of our biological resources demands reliable scientific knowledge to be accessible and applicable to the needs of society. The fact that current biodiversity observation systems and environmental datasets are unbalanced in coverage and not well integrated brings the need of a new system which will facilitate access to this knowledge and will effectively improve the work in the field of biodiversity observation in general. In light of the new Intergovernmental science-policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), such a network and approach are imperative for attaining efficient processes of data collation, analysis and provisioning to stakeholders. A system that facilitates open access to taxonomic data is essential because it will allow a sustainable provision of high quality data to partners and users, including e-science infrastructure projects as well as global initiatives on biodiversity informatics. EU BON proposes an innovative approach in terms of integration of biodiversity information system from on-ground to remote sensing data, for addressing policy and information needs in a timely and customized way. The project will reassure integration between social networks of science and policy and technological networks of interoperating IT infrastructures. This will enable a stable new open-access platform for sharing biodiversity data and tools to be created. EU BONs 30 partners from 18 countries are members of networks of biodiversity data-holders, monitoring organisations, and leading scientific institutions. EU BON will build on existing components, in particular GBIF, LifeWatch infrastructures, and national biodiversity data centres.
The pattern of environmental governance is changing as national governments are under stress from new political agents. In addition to the traditional nation state centered policy-making system, including international cooperation, political power is also exercised on the trans-national and local levels of society. A simultaneous movement of political power is also exercised on the trans-national and local levels of government and downward to local communities. Sub national units such as local governments, civic organisations and even loosely constructed networks introduce their own environmental policies. Global sustainability problems are created by the interaction of all societal levels, and a new politics of sustainability involving local, national, regional as well as global efforts must be implemented to solve these problems. National governments have responsed to this situation by introducing programs promoting ecological modernisation as well as new policy instruments that involve communities and other actors. The Baltic Sea Region (BSR) is an area of special concern both from an environmental point-of-view as well as from a governance point-of-view. The sea itself is highly vulnerable to pollution. At the same time the region is an ideal setting for the research because it has introduced several new fora for sustainable decision making, while showing considerable strength in existing administrative and political structures. The main objectives for this project are: Module 1. to deepen understanding of the origins, development and operation of traditional environmental governance in the BSR
The goal of Light2CAT is to develop new, highly efficient visible-light-activated titanium dioxide for inclusion in concretes to be used in structures across the whole of Europe to improve ambient air quality independent, for the first time, of local climate conditions. The need to improve air quality in European Countries has been identified as a major requirement to be achieved within the next decade in the effort to control climate change, a key Europe 2020 strategy, and to improve human health. Despite vigorous efforts to reduce levels of hazardous substances in the air, targets remain a challenge. One of the most valid sustainable technologies explored so far is photocatalytic concrete. This technology is proven to reduce the amount of hazardous air pollutants up to 80 % . It also imparts self-cleaning properties to built structures which has a secondary effect of reducing harsh cleaning chemicals entering the water systems. However, the titanium oxide based photocatalytic building materials are activated by ultraviolet light so, to date, such environmental benefits are limited to countries with a high incidence of sunlight. The concept of this project is to extend the use of photocatalytic concretes to the whole of Europe by developing materials that can also be activated by visible light . The aim is to remove climate and seasonal considerations from the use of the materials and, through higher conversion efficiencies of the catalytic components, to reduce production costs facilitating further take up of the technology within existing markets. The results of the project are initially focused on use within the transport infrastructure where the greatest impact is expected. The consortium is well conceived to achieve the results, comprising research centres leading research in these materials and industry partners including SMEs able to develop, demonstrate and market the new materials in the sector.
Objective: Air quality in Europe is still facing a continued wide-spread of exceedances, particularly regarding PM, NOx and O3. The 2008 Air Quality Directive requests Member States (MS) to design local and regional plans and assess their impacts on air quality and human health. MS have therefore developed and applied a wide range of modelling methods to cope with these obligations. Today, with the revision of the EU air quality policy pending, there is the need to consolidate and assess the research results in the field and to make them accessible to policy makers. This is the main aim of APPRAISAL project, split in the following objectives: -Undertake on overall review of the methodologies used in different countries, from the simple (scenario analysis) to the more comprehensive (cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness analysis). This would include evaluating top-down and bottom-up approaches to systematically analyse their strengths and weaknesses and to identify key areas to be addressed by further research. The result would be captured in a readily updatable, user friendly relational data base. -Design an integrated assessment (IA) modelling framework where existing components are efficiently inter-connected, produce guidelines describing the key components of best practices. A number of test cases will be explored to confirm the robustness of the guidelines in practice. -Communicate with key stake-holders and in particular to policy-makers the state-of-the-art scientific knowledge on emission abatement assessment. APPRAISAL includes 15 highly experienced groups working on both air quality and health impacts assessment. Partners come from all over Europe to guarantee the review process representativeness. A group of stakeholders will closely be connected to the Consortium to ensure a direct line of communication with key policy makers. APPRAISAL will contribute to improved knowledge on regional and local IA methodologies and will support the revision of EU air quality policies.
Im Rahmen der EU-Biozid-RL werden derzeit Risikobewertungen von Antifouling-Altwirkstoffen (AF) (Produktgruppe PT 21) durchgeführt. Dabei werden i.d.R. Expositionsmodelle eingesetzt (Emission Scenario Documents, ESD), die einen realistic worst-case abbilden sollen. Die Datenbasis für AF (OECD ESD PT 21, 2004) ist im Süßwasserbereich jedoch sehr klein, da sie in der Schweiz erhoben wurde und spiegelt daher nicht die Situation in Deutschland wieder, wo Sporthäfen mit mehr als 1000 Liegeplätzen im Binnen- und Küstenbereich auftreten können. Es fehlen aussagekräftige, bundesweite Daten über Verteilung, Anzahl, Lage und Struktur dieser Häfen und repräsentative Daten über aktuelle Antifouling-Konzentrationen für die Validierung der Modelle, für die spätere, nationale Biozid-Produktzulassung und zur Schätzung möglicher Gewässerkonzentrationen während der Verwendungsphase. Durch eine Bestandsaufnahme der Yachthafen-Situation (u.a. Anzahl der Liegeplätze je Sportboothafen, Verteilung der Sportboothäfen) im Binnenland und an der Küste werden regionale Belastungsschwerpunkte und bewertungsrelevante Struktur-Daten ermittelt. Außerdem werden expositionsrelevante Wirkstoffe in wenigen, repräsentativen Sportboothäfen erstmals systematisch identifiziert und gewichtet. Die Ergebnisse fließen als deutscher Beitrag in die EU-Risikobewertungen gemäß Biozid-RL ein, stellen für die nationale Biozid-Produktzulassung eine belastbare Datenbasis dar und werden für die Validierung der Expositionsszenarien (ESD) genutzt. Die Daten dienen weiterhin zur Vorbereitung der Ermittlung der Risiken in der späteren Verwendungsphase nach einer Produktzulassung zur Gewährleistung eines 'sustainable use' und einer möglichen Risikominderung.
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