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Messungen von vulkanischen Schwefel- und Kohlenstoffemissionen mit hoher Zeitauflösung

Das Projekt "Messungen von vulkanischen Schwefel- und Kohlenstoffemissionen mit hoher Zeitauflösung" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Umweltphysik.Dies ist ein Antrag auf Reisekosten für eine Reise von Deutschland nach Argentinien zum Besuch der Vulkane Copahue and Peteroa, dort planen wir zusammen mit Forschern aus Argentinien in-situ Messungen von vulkanischem SO2 mit einem neuartigen Instrument. In Kombination mit in-situ CO2 Messungen erwarten wir einen Datensatz von CO2/SO2 Verhältnissen mit bisher unerreichter Genauigkeit und Zeitauflösung.Obwohl Fernerkundungsmessungen von SO2 sich mittlerweile in der Vulkanologie weit verbreitet haben, stellen bodengebundene und Flugzeug-getragene in-situ-Messungen immer noch eine wichtige Quelle ergänzender Information dar. Heutzutage werden in-situ Messungen von SO2 häufig mittels elektrochemischer Sensoren vorgenommen, diese weisen allerdings eine Reihe von Nachteilen auf, insbesondere (1) relativ lange Ansprechzeiten (ca. 20 s und mehr), (2) Interferenzen durch eine Reihe anderer reaktiver Gase, die sich in Vulkanfahnen finden (und die schwer zu quantifizieren bzw. unbekannt sind), (3) Die Notwendigkeit häufiger Kalibration. Wir lösen diese Probleme mit einem neuentwickelten, optischen in-situ SO2-Sensor Prototypen, der nach dem Prinzip der nicht-dispersiven UV-Absorption arbeitet (PITSA, Portable in-situ Sulfurdioxide Analyser). Die preisgünstige Anwendung des Prinzips für SO2 - Messungen wurde durch die Entwicklung von UV-LEDs ermöglicht. Die Probenluft wird durch eine Glasröhre gesaugt und dort der kollimierten Strahlung einer UV-LED (ca. 290nm) ausgesetzt, in diesem Wellenlängenbereich absorbiert (von den relevanten Vulkangasen) praktisch nur SO2. Daher ist die Abschwächung der Strahlungsintensität nach Durchgang durch die Messzelle ein Mass für den SO2-Gehalt der Messluft. Das PITSA Instrument wird mit einem kommerziellen CO2 Sensor kombiniert, damit werden SO2 und CO2 Messungen mit 0.1 ppm bzw. 1 ppm Genauigkeit möglich. Dadurch eröffnen sich neue Möglichkeiten in der Vulkanologie.

Model Output Statistics for MAR DEL PLATA AERO (87692)

DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]

Model Output Statistics for BUENOS AIRES OBS. CENTRAL (87585)

DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]

Model Output Statistics for PASO DE LOS LIBRES AERO (87289)

DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]

Model Output Statistics for ESQUEL AERO (87803)

DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]

Model Output Statistics for JUJUY AERO (87046)

DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]

Model Output Statistics for SANTA ROSA AERO (87623)

DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]

Model Output Statistics for SAN RAFAEL AERO (87509)

DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]

Model Output Statistics for BAHIA BLANCA AERO (87750)

DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]

Revision of basal sauropods from the Middle Jurassic of Patagonia and the early evolution of eusauropods

Das Projekt "Revision of basal sauropods from the Middle Jurassic of Patagonia and the early evolution of eusauropods" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Generaldirektion der Staatlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Sammlung Bayerns, Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie.Sauropod dinosaurs represent one of the most important components of Mesozoic terrestrial vertebrate faunas, yet their early evolution and diversification in the Jurassic is still poorly understood. Furthermore, most of the pertinent data so far comes from Early and Middle Jurassic rocks in eastern Asia. The only abundant basal sauropod material reported from the Western Hemisphere so far comes from the Middle Jurassic Cañadón Asfalto Formation of Chubut province, Argentina, from where two species, Patagosaurus fariasi and Volkheimeria chubutensis, have been described. Especially the first of these taxa has figured prominently in basal sauropod phylogenies. However, recent research suggests that more sauropods are represented in the original material referred to this species, and intensive fieldwork in the rocks that have yielded these materials has resulted in the recovery of a wealth of new material. Thus, the objective of this project is a revision of the original materials of Patagosaurus as well as an incorporation of new materials. The alpha taxonomy of the sauropods from the Cañadón Asfalto Formation will be established, detailed osteological descriptions of the different taxa provided and their significance for our understanding of early sauropod evolution will be evaluated.

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