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Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Atlas Hydrosweep DS 3 echo sounder entire dataset) of RV POLARSTERN during cruise PS132

Multibeam data were collected with RV Polarstern along the route of cruise PS132 and data acquisition was continuously monitored during the survey. Multibeam sonar system was Teledyne/Atlas Hydrosweep DS3. SVPs were retrieved from CTD data. SVPs were processed with HydrOffice SoundSpeedManager (https://www.hydroffice.org/soundspeed/main) and extended with World Ocean Atlas 18 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/NCEI-WOA18). SVP data were applied during acquisition. Multibeam data are unprocessed and may contain outliers and blunders and should not be used for grid calculations and charting projects without further editing. The raw multibeam sonar data in Teledyne/Atlas multibeam processing format (.asd) were recorded with Teledyne/Atlas Parastore software as well as Teledyne Reson format (.s7k) in Teledyne PDS. Raw data files can be processed using software packages like CARIS HIPS/SIPS. For updated vessel configuration files check further details.

Global compilation of the first occurrence of Gephyrocapsa huxleyi and other Gephyrocapsa species from sediment core samples

The data compilation includes the first occurrence of G. huxleyi and other species of Gephyrocapsa as revealed by Quaternary sediment samples from the world oceans. This new synthesis includes previously published data, all with rigorous relationships of their emergence events with marine isotope stages based on good quality oxygen isotope stratigraphy and/or astronomical tuning from each sediment core.

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1006: Bereich Infrastruktur - Internationales Kontinentales Bohrprogramm, Teilprojekt: Ursachen und Folgen von Klimaschwankung und hydrologischem Wandel in den nördlichen Neotropen während des letzten Glazial-/Interglazialzykluses

Die lakustrinen Ablagerungen an den beiden ICDP Sites Chalco (Zentralmexiko) und Petén Itzá (nördliches Guatemala) eröffnen die Gelegenheit Ursachen und Folgen eines sich veränderten kontinentalen Klimas in den nördlichen Neotropen während des letzten Glazial-/Interglazialzyklus zu rekonstruieren. Trotz ihrer vergleichsweise nahen geographischen Lage, zeigen beide Archive deutliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich ihrer klimatischen Entwicklung, insbesondere während des Zeitintervalls zwischen 85 und 50 tausend Jahren, der letzten Vereisungsphase und der Kältephase des Heinrich Stadials (HS) 1. Um die zeitliche und räumliche Entwicklung des Klimas und dessen Effekt auf aquatische und terrestrische Ökosysteme in den nördlichen Neotropen, einer Region von zentraler Bedeutung für globale Klimadynamiken zu rekonstruieren, planen wir beide ICDP Sites mit einem Multiproxyansatz zusammen mit Paläoklimamodellierung in hoher Auflösung zu untersuchen.Unser Ansatz umfasst Untersuchungen beider sedimentärer Archive mit Hilfe von bulk-geochemischen Methoden, Biomarkern und organischen Temperaturproxies mit Paläobioindikatoren und Paläoklimasimulationen über den Zeitraum des letzten Glazial-/Interglazialzyklus (ca. 135 Tausend Jahre) um den (1) Effekt von Klimaveränderungen auf aquatische und terrestrische Ökosysteme (z.B. während der HS 1 bis 6) zu bestimmen und (2) den Einfluss von sich veränderten Ozeanströmungsmustern, wie der Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation und der Pacific Ocean Circulation, insbesondere während ausgezeichneter Kalt- und Warmphasen, auf das regionale Klima und das Ökosystem der nördlichen Neotropen festzulegen. Um die proxybasierten Klimarekonstruktionen der Chalco und Petén Itzá Ablagerungen in einen transregionalen Kontext zu stellen, werden wir unsere Ergebnisse mit denen von anderen kontinentalen und marinen Klimaarchiven aus den Neotropen vergleichen. Potentielle 'climate forcing mechanisms' werden mit Hilfe von hoch-aufgelösten Paläoklimasimulationen unter der Verwendung des 'Community Earth System Model (CESM 1)' für Zeitintervalle, die durch kontrastierenden Klimabedingungen zwischen beiden Lokationen ausgezeichnet sind, bestimmt. Ziel der Untersuchungen ist die detaillierte Rekonstruktion der räumlichen und zeitlichen Entwicklung der Klimageschichte der nördlichen Neotropen in Abhängigkeit von sich verändernden Ozeanzirkulationsmustern über die letzten 135 tausend Jahre zu verstehen und zu untersuchen wie und in welcher Geschwindigkeit sich aquatische und terrestrische Ökosysteme an beiden ICDP Lokationen an sich ändernde Umweltbedingungen angepasst haben. Dies ist von entscheidender Bedeutung um vorherzusagen, wie sich die sensiblen Ökosysteme der Neotropen unter einem sich zu erwartendem trockeneren und wärmeren Klima entwickeln werden.

Integrative Kartierung und Priorisierung von Schutzgebieten im Atlantik - Leitlinien für die Abwägung von Naturschutzprioritäten mit wirtschaftlichen und rechtlichen Interessen auf Hoher See, Vorhaben: Nahrungsnetzstruktur, Biodiversität und Ökosystemleistung des Zooplanktons

Dissolved organic matter molecular composition data for multiple oceanographic cruises with RV SONNE (SO254, SO245, SO248) and RV POLARSTERN (PS79), Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study and Hawaii Ocean Time-series

This data includes the dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecular composition data obtained via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for multiple oceanographic cruises collected in the Atlantic, Pacific and Southern oceans (HOTS, BATS, SO254, SO245, SO248, ANT 28-II, ANT 28-IV, and 28-V) between 2009 and 2017. This analysis was conducted to assess the molecular composition of DOM in the context of ocean mixing. DOM was extracted and desalted using the solid phase extraction method as described in Dittmar et al. 2008. The extracts were stored frozen in methanol until analysis in 2019, when aliquots of the extracts were mixed with 50% ultrapure water (50:50 v/v) and diluted to a final carbon concentration of 2.5 ppm. DOM composition was determined on a SolariX XR FT-ICR-MS (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany) equipped with a 15 Tesla superconducting magnet and an electrospray ionization source (ESI; Bruker Apollo II ion source) in negative ion mode, as described in (Bercovici, Dittmar, and Niggemann 2022). Subsequent data processing and molecular formula assignment was conducted in ICBM-OCEAN, as described in (Merder et al. 2020).

Modeled environmental data-layers and changes predicted under RCP2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 for the deep Atlantic Ocean

The data layers provided show current values for seawater temperature, pH, calcite and aragonite saturation (%), oxygen concentration, and particulate organic carbon (POC) flux to the seafloor at different depths (500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000m) at the present day (1951-2000) and changes in these variables expected between 2041-2060 and 2081-2100 under different RCP scenarios. The data layers were generated following the methods described in Levin et al. (2020). In short, in 2019, we obtained the present day and future ocean projections for the different years which were compiled from all available data generated by Earth Systems Models as part of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Three Earth System Models, including GFDL‐ESM‐2G, IPSL‐CM5A‐MR, and MPI‐ESM‐MR were collected and multi-model averages of temperature, pH, O2 , export production at 100-m depth (epc100), carbonate ion concentration (co3), and carbonate ion concentration for seawater in equilibrium with aragonite (co3satarg) and calcite (co3satcalc) were calculated. The epc100 was converted to export POC flux at the seafloor using the Martin curve (Martin et al., 1987) following the equation: POC flux = export production*(depth/export depth)0.858. The export depth was set to 100 m, and the water depth using the ETOPO1 Global Relief Model (Amante and Eakins, 2008). Seafloor aragonite and calcite saturation were computed by dividing co3 by co3satarg and co3satcalc. All variableswere reported as the inter-annual mean projections between 1951-2000, 2041-2060, and 2081-2100. The data for calcite and aragonite saturation can be found in Morato et al. (2020).

(Table A1) Raw data for both AMT20 Atlantic Ocean transect samples and western Pacific Ocean transect (SO228 and SO256) samples

Sea surface salinity (SSS) is the least constrained major variable of the past (paleo) ocean but is fundamental in controlling the density of seawater and thus large-scale ocean circulation. The hydrogen isotopic composition (δD) of non-exchangeable hydrogen of algal lipids, specifically alkenones, has been proposed as a promising new proxy for paleo SSS. The δD of surface seawater is correlated with SSS, and laboratory culture studies have shown the δD of algal growth water to be reflected in the δD of alkenones. However, a large-scale field study testing the validity of this proxy is still lacking. Here we present the δD of open-ocean Atlantic and Pacific surface waters and coincident δD of alkenones sampled by underway filtration. Two transects of approximately 100° latitude in the Atlantic Ocean and more than 50° latitude in the Western Pacific sample much of the range of open ocean salinities and seawater δD, and thus allow probing the relationship between δD of seawater and alkenones. Overall, the open ocean δD alkenone data correlate significantly with SSS, and also agree remarkably well with δD water vs δD alkenone regressions developed from culture studies. Subtle deviations from these regressions are discussed in the context of physiological factors as recorded in the carbon isotopic composition of alkenones. In a best-case scenario, the data presented here suggest that SSS variations as low as 1.2 can be reconstructed from alkenone δD.

Column water vapour (CWV) measurements in NetCDF format retrieved from GNSS antenna gathered during Polarstern cruise PS147

The ship campaign PS147 (Atlantic Transit) with the German research vessel Polarstern took place from 12 March to 14 April 2025. The transit proceeded from Stanley, Falkland Islands, to Bremerhaven, Germany, with a stopover in Mindelo, Cape Verde, dividing the campaign into two sections, PS147/1 and PS147/2. During the voyage, several climate zones were crossed, including the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Here, we present the column water vapour retrieved from GNSS data. These data form part of a series of standardized datasets of atmospheric observations collected during the PS147 campaign.

DavisShip system (DShip) measurements in NetCDF format including weather station, thermosalinograph, ferrybox and navigation system gathered during Polarstern cruise PS147

The ship campaign PS147 (Atlantic Transit) with the German research vessel Polarstern took place from 12 March to 14 April 2025. The transit proceeded from Stanley, Falkland Islands, to Bremerhaven, Germany, with a stopover in Mindelo, Cape Verde, dividing the campaign into two sections, PS147/1 and PS147/2. During the voyage, several climate zones were crossed, including the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Here, we present data from the ship-integrated instruments within the DavisShip system (DShip), including meteorological parameters from the weather station as well as ship position and orientation from the navigation system. These data form part of a series of standardized datasets of atmospheric observations collected during the PS147 campaign.

Atmospheric measurements gathered during Polarstern cruise PS147

The ship campaign PS147 (Atlantic Transit) with the German research vessel Polarstern took place from 12 March to 14 April 2025. The transit proceeded from Stanley, Falkland Islands, to Bremerhaven, Germany, with a stopover in Mindelo, Cape Verde, dividing the campaign into two sections, PS147/1 and PS147/2. During the voyage, several climate zones were crossed, including the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Here, we present a series of standardised data sets of the atmospheric observations gathered during the PS147 campaign.

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