Multibeam data were collected during RV Polarstern cruise PS145/1 (2024-11-25 to 2024-12-07). Multibeam sonar system was Atlas Hydrographic Hydrosweep DS 3 multibeam echo sounder. Data are processed with Caris HIPS, including sound velocity correction with SV data from SVPs, CTDs and World Ocean Atlas 18 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/NCEI-WOA18), tidal correction with TPXO9_atlas_v5 (https://www.tpxo.net), and manual cleaning. The soundings are combined in daily files, the format is XYZ ASCII (<Lon> <Lat> <Depth in meters, positive up, relative to mean sea level>). Additional grids have been computed with depth dependent cell size to visualize the data. These grids are not meant for scientific analysis or navigation, but for overview purposes only.
We present a high spatially resolved (around 300 m) data set on the chlorophyll-a concentrations of all phytoplankton (total chlorophyll-a), diatoms, haptophytes and chlorophytes various phytoplankton pigments (unit: mg/m³) estimated from particulate absorption data derived from underway AC-S measurements operated on eight R/V POLARSTERN expeditions in the Greenland Sea (North of 66.3°N to 82°N within the Atlantic Ocean) between 2015 to 2024: PS93.2, PS99.2, PS107, PS121, PS126, PS131, PS136 and PS143-2. For each data point we further provide the percentage of Atlantic Water and Polar Water and the association into the three regions: East Greenland Sea, Central Fram Strait and West Spitsbergen Current. Mind that the classification of water masses and regions is only valid for the Hausgarten area (78°N to 80°N and 7°W to 15°E). The details of the instrument set-up, the data and the methods are described in Bracher et al. (2025).
Die erste Antragsphase war auf die Bildungsraten und die Speicherung von anthropogenem Kohlenstoff (Cant) im Antarktischen Zwischenwasser (AAIW) fokussiert. Mit Hilfe von Freon (CFC) Daten konnten wir eine signifikante Reduktion der AAIW Bildungsrate von den 1990ern zu den 2000ern Jahren feststellen. Dies führte zu einer geringeren Steigerung der Cant Speicherung als vom atmosphärischen Cant Anstieg und einem unveränderten Ozean zu erwarten war. Um den Schwierigkeiten mit den Randbedingungen auszuweichen (Pazifisches AAIW strömt über die Drake Passage auch in den Atlantik und weiter in den Indischen Ozean) planen wir nun ein globales Vorgehen um in allen Ozeanen die Bildungsraten und Cant Speicherungen in den Zwischen- Tiefen- und Bodenwassermassen zu berechnen. Darüber hinaus wird der Zeitraum bis 2015 ausgedehnt, und wo immer die Datenlage es zulässt, Pentaden- anstatt Dekadenmittelwerte gebildet. Verwendet wird der aktualisierte GlODAPv2 Datensatz und eigene Daten.Die Berechnungen aus den Beobachtungen werden mit den Ergebnissen eines wirbelauflösenden globalen Ozeanmodells (1/10 Grad) kombiniert. Das POP Modell (Los Alamos Laboratory Parallel Ocean Program) mit eines horizontalen Auflösung von 0.1 Grad und 42 Tiefenstufen wird für die letzten 20 Jahre mit einem realistischen Forcing angetrieben und enthält außerdem die Freone als Tracer. Neben dem Vergleich mit einem klimatologischen Antrieb wird das Modell zur Weiterentwicklung der Tracer-Methode verwendet wir z.B. die Unsicherheit von zu wenig Datenpunkten und der Extrpolationsroutine auf die Bildungsraten / Cant Speicherungen. Ein weiterer wichtiger Punkt wird die Bestimmung der TTDs aus Lagrange Trajektorien und der Vergleich mit TTDs aus Tracermessungen sein, sowie die Untersuchung der Rolle der Wirbel, der Vermischung durch Wirbel und der vertikalen Vermischung.
The data layers provided show current values for seawater temperature, pH, calcite and aragonite saturation (%), oxygen concentration, and particulate organic carbon (POC) flux to the seafloor at different depths (500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000m) at the present day (1951-2000) and changes in these variables expected between 2041-2060 and 2081-2100 under different RCP scenarios. The data layers were generated following the methods described in Levin et al. (2020). In short, in 2019, we obtained the present day and future ocean projections for the different years which were compiled from all available data generated by Earth Systems Models as part of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Three Earth System Models, including GFDL‐ESM‐2G, IPSL‐CM5A‐MR, and MPI‐ESM‐MR were collected and multi-model averages of temperature, pH, O2 , export production at 100-m depth (epc100), carbonate ion concentration (co3), and carbonate ion concentration for seawater in equilibrium with aragonite (co3satarg) and calcite (co3satcalc) were calculated. The epc100 was converted to export POC flux at the seafloor using the Martin curve (Martin et al., 1987) following the equation: POC flux = export production*(depth/export depth)0.858. The export depth was set to 100 m, and the water depth using the ETOPO1 Global Relief Model (Amante and Eakins, 2008). Seafloor aragonite and calcite saturation were computed by dividing co3 by co3satarg and co3satcalc. All variableswere reported as the inter-annual mean projections between 1951-2000, 2041-2060, and 2081-2100. The data for calcite and aragonite saturation can be found in Morato et al. (2020).
Global change exposes brown algal Fucus vesiculosus populations to increasing temperature and pCO2, which may threaten individuals, in particular the early life-stages. Genetic diversity of F. vesiculosus populations is low in the Baltic compared to Atlantic populations. This might jeopardise their potential for adaptation to environmental changes. Here, we report on the responses of early life-stage F. vesiculosus to warming and acidification in a near-natural scenario maintaining natural and seasonal variation (spring 2013–2014) of the Kiel Fjord in the Baltic Sea, Germany (54°27ʹN, 10°11ʹW). We assessed how stress sensitivity differed among sibling groups and how genetic diversity of germling populations affected their stress tolerance. Warming increased growth rates of Fucus germlings in spring and in early summer, but led to higher photoinhibition in spring and decreased their survival in late summer. Acidification increased germlings' growth in summer but otherwise showed much weaker effects than warming. During the colder seasons (autumn and winter), growth was slow while survival was high compared to spring and summer, all at ambient temperatures. A pronounced variation in stress response among genetically different sibling groups (full-sib families) suggests a genotypic basis for this variation and thus a potential for adaptation for F. vesiculosus populations to future conditions. Corroborating this, survival in response to warming in populations with higher diversity was better than the mean survival of single sibling groups. We conclude that impacts on early life-stages depend on the combination of stressors and season and that genetic variation is crucial for the tolerance to global change stress.
This data publication contains maps resulting from spatial prioritisations conducted for the iAtlantic D5.3 report on Systematic Conservation Planning of the wider Atlantic Ocean based on results generated by the iAtlantic project. The maps were produced using the prioritizr R package (Hanson et al. 2023), which identifies priority areas for achieving specific conservation goals while minimising costs. The various prioritisations were developed to address multiple research questions related to: (1) identifying priority areas for conservation and restoration, (2) transboundary conservation, (3) climate-smart conservation planning, and (4) protecting 30% of the Atlantic Ocean, including 10% under strict protection. The results are organised into subfolders based on the research questions addressed and further categorised into data-rich and data-poor regions, along with aggregate results for each region. Further, the results are organised into subfolders representing multiple scenarios executed using various cost layers, including area-based, Global Fishing Watch (GFW, 2023) benthic, GFW total fishing, Global Fisheries Landings (GFL, Watson 2019) v4.0 benthic, and GFL v4.0 total landings. Each map filename provides descriptive information about the executed scenario.
This dataset comprises measurements of microbial community respiration, derived from electron transport system (ETS) activity assays, in discrete water samples collected with Niskin bottles. ETS activity (mmol O2 m⁻³ d⁻¹) was determined enzymatically as a proxy for aerobic microbial and planktonic respiration, and respiratory oxygen consumption (RO2, mmol O2 m⁻³ d⁻¹) was subsequently calculated by applying respiration-to-ETS conversion factors of 0.75 for samples from the epipelagic zone and 0.086 for samples from the mesopelagic zone. Each of the 219 sampling stations was additionally assigned to an open-ocean biogeochemical province following the classification of Reygondeau et al. (2018). Samples were collected at depths ranging from 5 m to 4539 m water depth during thirteen research cruises carried out between November 2006 and April 2025: RODA-I (2006), RODA-II (2007), CAIBEX and CAIBOX (2009), HOTMIX and PUMP (2014), FLUXES I (2017), TRATLEQ1/M158 (2019), e-IMPACT1 and e-IMPACT2 (2022), APERO (2023), MICOLOR2 (2024) and OceanICU (2025). The combined geographical coverage extends across the eastern boundary upwelling system off northwest Africa (Canary Upwelling System, Cape Blanc, Canary Eddy Corridor), the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, the equatorial Atlantic, and a transect across the eastern South Atlantic and equatorial Atlantic between Walvis Bay (Namibia) and the Canary Islands; the HOTMIX cruise additionally sampled the eastern Mediterranean Sea before transiting into the Atlantic.
The ship campaign PS147 (Atlantic Transit) with the German research vessel Polarstern took place from 12 March to 14 April 2025. The transit proceeded from Stanley, Falkland Islands, to Bremerhaven, Germany, with a stopover in Mindelo, Cape Verde, dividing the campaign into two sections, PS147/1 and PS147/2. During the voyage, several climate zones were crossed, including the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Here, we present the column water vapour retrieved from GNSS data. These data form part of a series of standardized datasets of atmospheric observations collected during the PS147 campaign.
The ship campaign PS147 (Atlantic Transit) with the German research vessel Polarstern took place from 12 March to 14 April 2025. The transit proceeded from Stanley, Falkland Islands, to Bremerhaven, Germany, with a stopover in Mindelo, Cape Verde, dividing the campaign into two sections, PS147/1 and PS147/2. During the voyage, several climate zones were crossed, including the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Here, we present data from the ship-integrated instruments within the DavisShip system (DShip), including meteorological parameters from the weather station as well as ship position and orientation from the navigation system. These data form part of a series of standardized datasets of atmospheric observations collected during the PS147 campaign.
Mean Deep Ocean stacked records weighted by ocean basin volume are also provided for: benthic δ18O, MDOT and δ18Oseawater and compiled from records described for the non-weighted stacks. The weighted stacks were created using basin weights defined using fixed deep ocean volume fractions following the volumetric approach of Lisiecki and Stern (2016) (see their Table S2), and renormalised to unity at each time step to reflect the ocean volume represented by the available records.
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