Please note: Abstract created by PANGAEA data editor using Jungblut et al. (2017). Marine top predators (seabirds, marine mammals and other megafauna) were counted during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIX/1 passing the east Atlantic from Bremerhaven to Cape Town in fall 2012. Continuous half-hour transect counts were conducted by two observers from the bridge, situated approximately 18 meters above sea level, throughout daylight hours and while the vessel maintained its traveling speed (see Joiris & Falck 2011). Due to the width of the bridge, observations were limited to a 90° angle from the bow to one side, as it was impractical for one observer to simultaneously cover both sides. Species were initially identified with the naked eye and confirmed using binoculars (8 – 10 times magnification). Photos were used in retrospect to help identify rare or hard to classify specimens. Individuals following or circling around the ship were only counted once in a 30 min interval (i.e. during one 'transect count'). Water temperature and salinity were continuously and automatically recorded by a thermo-salinometer installed at the keel of the Polarstern (approximately 10 meters below sea level). Depth data were obtained either from the vessel's echosounder or hydrosweep. Data extraction was carried out from the DShip data system on board.
Die erste Antragsphase war auf die Bildungsraten und die Speicherung von anthropogenem Kohlenstoff (Cant) im Antarktischen Zwischenwasser (AAIW) fokussiert. Mit Hilfe von Freon (CFC) Daten konnten wir eine signifikante Reduktion der AAIW Bildungsrate von den 1990ern zu den 2000ern Jahren feststellen. Dies führte zu einer geringeren Steigerung der Cant Speicherung als vom atmosphärischen Cant Anstieg und einem unveränderten Ozean zu erwarten war. Um den Schwierigkeiten mit den Randbedingungen auszuweichen (Pazifisches AAIW strömt über die Drake Passage auch in den Atlantik und weiter in den Indischen Ozean) planen wir nun ein globales Vorgehen um in allen Ozeanen die Bildungsraten und Cant Speicherungen in den Zwischen- Tiefen- und Bodenwassermassen zu berechnen. Darüber hinaus wird der Zeitraum bis 2015 ausgedehnt, und wo immer die Datenlage es zulässt, Pentaden- anstatt Dekadenmittelwerte gebildet. Verwendet wird der aktualisierte GlODAPv2 Datensatz und eigene Daten.Die Berechnungen aus den Beobachtungen werden mit den Ergebnissen eines wirbelauflösenden globalen Ozeanmodells (1/10 Grad) kombiniert. Das POP Modell (Los Alamos Laboratory Parallel Ocean Program) mit eines horizontalen Auflösung von 0.1 Grad und 42 Tiefenstufen wird für die letzten 20 Jahre mit einem realistischen Forcing angetrieben und enthält außerdem die Freone als Tracer. Neben dem Vergleich mit einem klimatologischen Antrieb wird das Modell zur Weiterentwicklung der Tracer-Methode verwendet wir z.B. die Unsicherheit von zu wenig Datenpunkten und der Extrpolationsroutine auf die Bildungsraten / Cant Speicherungen. Ein weiterer wichtiger Punkt wird die Bestimmung der TTDs aus Lagrange Trajektorien und der Vergleich mit TTDs aus Tracermessungen sein, sowie die Untersuchung der Rolle der Wirbel, der Vermischung durch Wirbel und der vertikalen Vermischung.
The Labrador Sea is one of the few places in the world ocean, where deep water formation takes place. This water is exported from the Labrador Sea to become part of the southward branch of the meridional overturning circulation. Previous observational work has largely focused on the role of deep convection in the interior of the Labrador Sea. Recent evidence from observations and numerical ocean models specifically indicate that processes near the ocean boundaries might be most relevant for both Eulerian downwelling of waters in the Labrador Sea and the fast export of newly transformed waters. We propose to analyze mooring based observations at the western margin of the Labrador Sea together with high resolution numerical model simulations to understand the role both processes play for the meridional overturning circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic. Specifically, we want to test (i) if (and where) downwelling occurs along the margins of the Labrador Sea, (ii) how downwelling relates to the seasonal evolution of convection and eddy activity, (iii) how fast waters newly transformed near the western margin of the Labrador Sea are exported, and (iv) how the two processes (downwelling, fast export) affect the temporal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.
Die Öffnung im frühen Neogen und anschließende Verbreiterung und Vertiefung der Fram-Straße, der einzigen Tiefenwasserverbindung zwischen Arktischem und Atlantischem Ozean, stellt ein grundlegendes tektonisches Ereignis dar, das weitreichende Konsequenzen fuer die globale Ozeanzirkulation und die Klimaentwicklung sowie fuer Sedimentationsprozesse in den angrenzenden Ozeanbecken und entlang der Kontinentalränder hatte. Die entstandenen Sedimentarchive erlauben es in der Kombination von seismischen Kartierungen mit stratigraphischen Untersuchungen an existierenden DSDP/ODP-Bohrkernen, Rueckschluesse auf die Entwicklungsgeschichte dieser tiefen Meeresstrasse auf tektonischen Zeitskalen (100.000-1.000.000 Jahre) zu ziehen. Die seismostratigraphische Untersuchung von sedimentären Strukturen anhand teilweise neu zu bearbeitender reflexionsseismischer Profile in der Fram-Straße und den Antragstellern neu zugänglich gemachter externer Daten von den angrenzenden bzw. konjugierten Kontinentalrändern von Grönland und Norwegen (Daten von BGR, NPD, GEUS) stellt somit wertvolle Informationen ueber die regionale tektonische, ozeanographische und klimatische Entwicklung bereit, u.a der Vereisungsgeschichte der nördlichen Hemisphäre. Unser Ziel ist es, aus den Reflexionsmustern und internen Sedimentstrukturen seismischer Profile auf die Ablagerungsmechanismen zu schließen, um damit wiederum tektonische Prozesse sowie Veränderungen der ozeanischen Zirkulation in der Fram-Straße zu rekonstruieren. Einen wesentlichen Beitrag dazu leisten veröffentlichte und geplante Überarbeitungen der Chronostratigraphie der DSDP/ODP-Bohrkerne der Lokationen 343, 642/643, 909, 910, 912 und 913, die eine Datierung der seismischen Grenzflächen (Reflektoren) und eine sedimentologische Charakterisierung der seismischen Einheiten ermöglichen.
The data layers provided show current values for seawater temperature, pH, calcite and aragonite saturation (%), oxygen concentration, and particulate organic carbon (POC) flux to the seafloor at different depths (500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000m) at the present day (1951-2000) and changes in these variables expected between 2041-2060 and 2081-2100 under different RCP scenarios. The data layers were generated following the methods described in Levin et al. (2020). In short, in 2019, we obtained the present day and future ocean projections for the different years which were compiled from all available data generated by Earth Systems Models as part of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Three Earth System Models, including GFDL‐ESM‐2G, IPSL‐CM5A‐MR, and MPI‐ESM‐MR were collected and multi-model averages of temperature, pH, O2 , export production at 100-m depth (epc100), carbonate ion concentration (co3), and carbonate ion concentration for seawater in equilibrium with aragonite (co3satarg) and calcite (co3satcalc) were calculated. The epc100 was converted to export POC flux at the seafloor using the Martin curve (Martin et al., 1987) following the equation: POC flux = export production*(depth/export depth)0.858. The export depth was set to 100 m, and the water depth using the ETOPO1 Global Relief Model (Amante and Eakins, 2008). Seafloor aragonite and calcite saturation were computed by dividing co3 by co3satarg and co3satcalc. All variableswere reported as the inter-annual mean projections between 1951-2000, 2041-2060, and 2081-2100. The data for calcite and aragonite saturation can be found in Morato et al. (2020).
Global change exposes brown algal Fucus vesiculosus populations to increasing temperature and pCO2, which may threaten individuals, in particular the early life-stages. Genetic diversity of F. vesiculosus populations is low in the Baltic compared to Atlantic populations. This might jeopardise their potential for adaptation to environmental changes. Here, we report on the responses of early life-stage F. vesiculosus to warming and acidification in a near-natural scenario maintaining natural and seasonal variation (spring 2013–2014) of the Kiel Fjord in the Baltic Sea, Germany (54°27ʹN, 10°11ʹW). We assessed how stress sensitivity differed among sibling groups and how genetic diversity of germling populations affected their stress tolerance. Warming increased growth rates of Fucus germlings in spring and in early summer, but led to higher photoinhibition in spring and decreased their survival in late summer. Acidification increased germlings' growth in summer but otherwise showed much weaker effects than warming. During the colder seasons (autumn and winter), growth was slow while survival was high compared to spring and summer, all at ambient temperatures. A pronounced variation in stress response among genetically different sibling groups (full-sib families) suggests a genotypic basis for this variation and thus a potential for adaptation for F. vesiculosus populations to future conditions. Corroborating this, survival in response to warming in populations with higher diversity was better than the mean survival of single sibling groups. We conclude that impacts on early life-stages depend on the combination of stressors and season and that genetic variation is crucial for the tolerance to global change stress.
This data publication contains maps resulting from spatial prioritisations conducted for the iAtlantic D5.3 report on Systematic Conservation Planning of the wider Atlantic Ocean based on results generated by the iAtlantic project. The maps were produced using the prioritizr R package (Hanson et al. 2023), which identifies priority areas for achieving specific conservation goals while minimising costs. The various prioritisations were developed to address multiple research questions related to: (1) identifying priority areas for conservation and restoration, (2) transboundary conservation, (3) climate-smart conservation planning, and (4) protecting 30% of the Atlantic Ocean, including 10% under strict protection. The results are organised into subfolders based on the research questions addressed and further categorised into data-rich and data-poor regions, along with aggregate results for each region. Further, the results are organised into subfolders representing multiple scenarios executed using various cost layers, including area-based, Global Fishing Watch (GFW, 2023) benthic, GFW total fishing, Global Fisheries Landings (GFL, Watson 2019) v4.0 benthic, and GFL v4.0 total landings. Each map filename provides descriptive information about the executed scenario.
This dataset comprises measurements of microbial community respiration, derived from electron transport system (ETS) activity assays, in discrete water samples collected with Niskin bottles. ETS activity (mmol O2 m⁻³ d⁻¹) was determined enzymatically as a proxy for aerobic microbial and planktonic respiration, and respiratory oxygen consumption (RO2, mmol O2 m⁻³ d⁻¹) was subsequently calculated by applying respiration-to-ETS conversion factors of 0.75 for samples from the epipelagic zone and 0.086 for samples from the mesopelagic zone. Each of the 219 sampling stations was additionally assigned to an open-ocean biogeochemical province following the classification of Reygondeau et al. (2018). Samples were collected at depths ranging from 5 m to 4539 m water depth during thirteen research cruises carried out between November 2006 and April 2025: RODA-I (2006), RODA-II (2007), CAIBEX and CAIBOX (2009), HOTMIX and PUMP (2014), FLUXES I (2017), TRATLEQ1/M158 (2019), e-IMPACT1 and e-IMPACT2 (2022), APERO (2023), MICOLOR2 (2024) and OceanICU (2025). The combined geographical coverage extends across the eastern boundary upwelling system off northwest Africa (Canary Upwelling System, Cape Blanc, Canary Eddy Corridor), the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, the equatorial Atlantic, and a transect across the eastern South Atlantic and equatorial Atlantic between Walvis Bay (Namibia) and the Canary Islands; the HOTMIX cruise additionally sampled the eastern Mediterranean Sea before transiting into the Atlantic.
The ship campaign PS147 (Atlantic Transit) with the German research vessel Polarstern took place from 12 March to 14 April 2025. The transit proceeded from Stanley, Falkland Islands, to Bremerhaven, Germany, with a stopover in Mindelo, Cape Verde, dividing the campaign into two sections, PS147/1 and PS147/2. During the voyage, several climate zones were crossed, including the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Here, we present the column water vapour retrieved from GNSS data. These data form part of a series of standardized datasets of atmospheric observations collected during the PS147 campaign.
The ship campaign PS147 (Atlantic Transit) with the German research vessel Polarstern took place from 12 March to 14 April 2025. The transit proceeded from Stanley, Falkland Islands, to Bremerhaven, Germany, with a stopover in Mindelo, Cape Verde, dividing the campaign into two sections, PS147/1 and PS147/2. During the voyage, several climate zones were crossed, including the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Here, we present data from the ship-integrated instruments within the DavisShip system (DShip), including meteorological parameters from the weather station as well as ship position and orientation from the navigation system. These data form part of a series of standardized datasets of atmospheric observations collected during the PS147 campaign.
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