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Modeled environmental data-layers and changes predicted under RCP2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 for the deep Atlantic Ocean

The data layers provided show current values for seawater temperature, pH, calcite and aragonite saturation (%), oxygen concentration, and particulate organic carbon (POC) flux to the seafloor at different depths (500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000m) at the present day (1951-2000) and changes in these variables expected between 2041-2060 and 2081-2100 under different RCP scenarios. The data layers were generated following the methods described in Levin et al. (2020). In short, in 2019, we obtained the present day and future ocean projections for the different years which were compiled from all available data generated by Earth Systems Models as part of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Three Earth System Models, including GFDL‐ESM‐2G, IPSL‐CM5A‐MR, and MPI‐ESM‐MR were collected and multi-model averages of temperature, pH, O2 , export production at 100-m depth (epc100), carbonate ion concentration (co3), and carbonate ion concentration for seawater in equilibrium with aragonite (co3satarg) and calcite (co3satcalc) were calculated. The epc100 was converted to export POC flux at the seafloor using the Martin curve (Martin et al., 1987) following the equation: POC flux = export production*(depth/export depth)0.858. The export depth was set to 100 m, and the water depth using the ETOPO1 Global Relief Model (Amante and Eakins, 2008). Seafloor aragonite and calcite saturation were computed by dividing co3 by co3satarg and co3satcalc. All variableswere reported as the inter-annual mean projections between 1951-2000, 2041-2060, and 2081-2100. The data for calcite and aragonite saturation can be found in Morato et al. (2020).

GTS Bulletin: FEAE55 EDZW - Forecast (details are described in the abstract)

The FEAE55 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (F): Forecast T1T2 (FE): Extended A1A2 (AE): South-East Asia (Remarks from Volume-C: FORECAST (5 DAYS) FOR THE EASTERN ATLANTIC (IN GERMAN))

Langfristige Veränderungen von Ozeangezeiten – Prozessverständnis und Vorhersagen

Langfristige Veränderungen von Gezeiten zählen zu den bemerkenswertesten Facetten der Ozeandynamik. Zur Entschlüsselung dieser Signale wird im vorliegenden Projekt ein mehrschichtiger Modellierungsansatz auf globalen und regionalen Skalen entwickelt, der Meeresspiegelvariationen, Veränderungen der ozeanischen Dichtestruktur und Migrationsbewegungen von antarktischem Schelfeis in klassische Gezeitensimulationen einflechtet. Die Reaktion primärer Partialtiden auf diese Antriebsmechanismen wird in einer ersten Ausbaustufe von ~1970 bis 2015 erarbeitet, wobei hochauflösende barokline (3D) Simulationen im Nordostatlantik und um Australien rigoros in globale barotrope (2D) Vorwärtsläufe eingebettet werden. Die Validierung der Simulationsergebnisse gegenüber robusten und großräumigen Gezeitentrends aus Wasserstandsbeobachtungen legt den Grundstein für konkrete Projektionen von Ozeangezeiten bis zum Jahr 2100 unter Annahme realistischer Emissionsszenarien. Veränderte Randbedingungen in globalen und regionalen Gezeitenläufen einhergehend mit Meeresspiegelanstieg, Ozeanerwärmung und ausdünnendem Schelfeis werden hierzu in konsistenter Weise aus gekoppelten Klimamodellen abgeleitet. Erweiterte barokline und globale Sensitivitätsexperimente liefern einen Überblick über Küstenabschnitte, in denen mit nennenswerten Gezeitenentwicklungen durch großflächige Veränderungen der Dichtestruktur zu rechnen ist. Neben dem reinen Prozessverständnis soll auch Augenmerk auf die Abschätzung von Unsicherheiten der numerisch modellierten Tidenvariabilität in den kommenden Dekaden gelegt werden. Das Projekt ebnet in seiner Gesamtheit den Weg für eine verlässlichere Quantifizierung von säkularen Gezeitensignalen in Anwendungsbereichen (z.B. Küstenschutz) und der Ozeanographie nahestehenden Wissenschaftsdisziplinen.

Forschergruppe (FOR) 1740: Ein neuer Ansatz für verbesserte Abschätzungen des atlantischen Frischwasserhaushalts und von Frischwassertransporten als Teil des globalen Wasserkreislaufs, The Atmospheric Side of the Freshwater Budget

The focus of this project is to analyse the observed surface freshwater fluxes through improved estimates of evaporation and precipitation and their individual error characteristics in the HOAPS climatology and its ground validation in climate-related hotspots of the Atlantic Ocean. To enable that in a consistent manner we propose to establish an error characterization of the HOAPS evaporation data by triple collocations with ship and buoy measurements and between individual satellites and to improve the error characterization of the HOAPS precipitation by analysing available shipboard disdrometer data using point to area statistics. After these improvements, an analysis of the spatio-temporal variability of the surface fresh water balance E-P over the Atlantic Ocean is planned, especially with respect to the Hadley circulation and the hotspot regions of interest to related WPs. Also the atmospheric water transport shall be analysed in order to find the source or target region of local fresh water imbalances. And finally, a consistent inter-comparison of the upcoming global ocean surface salinity fields from SMOS with freshwater fluxes from the HOAPS climatology is proposed.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Atlas Hydrosweep DS 2 echo sounder entire dataset) of RV POLARSTERN during cruise ANT-XVIII/1 (PS58), Atlantic Ocean

Multibeam data were collected during RV Polarstern cruise ANT-XVIII/1 (2000-09-29 to 2000-10-23). Multibeam sonar system was Atlas Hydrographic Hydrosweep DS 2 multibeam echo sounder. Data are processed with Caris HIPS, including sound velocity correction by cross fan calibration, tidal correction with TPXO9_atlas_v5 (https://www.tpxo.net), and manual cleaning. The soundings are combined in daily files, the format is XYZ ASCII (<Lon> <Lat> <Depth in meters, positive up, relative to mean sea level>). Additional grids have been computed with depth dependent cell size to visualize the data. These grids are not meant for scientific analysis or navigation, but for overview purposes only.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Atlas Hydrosweep DS 3 echo sounder entire dataset) of RV POLARSTERN during cruise PS127, Atlantic Ocean

Multibeam data were collected during RV Polarstern cruise PS127 (2021-12-04 to 2022-01-02). Multibeam sonar system was Atlas Hydrographic Hydrosweep DS 3 multibeam echo sounder. Data are processed with Caris HIPS, including sound velocity correction with SV data from SVPs, CTDs, UCTDs and World Ocean Atlas 13 (https://doi.org/10.7289/v5f769gt), tidal correction with TPXO9_atlas_v5 (https://www.tpxo.net), and manual cleaning. The soundings are combined in daily files, the format is XYZ ASCII (<Lon> <Lat> <Depth in meters, positive up, relative to mean sea level>). Additional blockmedian grids have been computed with depth dependent cell size to visualize the data. These grids are not meant for scientific analysis or navigation, but for overview purposes only.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Atlas Hydrosweep DS 2 echo sounder entire dataset) of RV POLARSTERN during cruise ANT-XIX/1 (PS61), Atlantic Ocean

Multibeam data were collected during RV Polarstern cruise ANT-XIX/1 (2001-11-08 to 2001-11-30). Multibeam sonar system was Atlas Hydrographic Hydrosweep DS 2 multibeam echo sounder. Data are processed with Caris HIPS, including sound velocity correction by cross fan calibration, tidal correction with TPXO9_atlas_v5 (https://www.tpxo.net), and manual cleaning. The soundings are combined in daily files, the format is XYZ ASCII (<Lon> <Lat> <Depth in meters, positive up, relative to mean sea level>). Additional grids have been computed with depth dependent cell size to visualize the data. These grids are not meant for scientific analysis or navigation, but for overview purposes only.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Atlas Hydrosweep DS 3 echo sounder entire dataset) of RV POLARSTERN during cruise PS151, Atlantic Ocean

Multibeam data were collected during RV Polarstern cruise PS151 (2025-11-13 to 2025-12-12). Multibeam sonar system was Atlas Hydrographic Hydrosweep DS 3 multibeam echo sounder. Data are processed with Caris HIPS, including sound velocity correction with SV data from CTDs and World Ocean Atlas 23 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/NCEI-WOA23), tidal correction with TPXO9_atlas_v5 (https://www.tpxo.net), and manual cleaning. The soundings are combined in daily files, the format is XYZ ASCII (<Lon> <Lat> <Depth in meters, positive up, relative to mean sea level>). Additional grids have been computed with depth dependent cell size to visualize the data. These grids are not meant for scientific analysis or navigation, but for overview purposes only.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Atlas Hydrosweep DS 3 echo sounder entire dataset) of RV POLARSTERN during cruise PS132, Transit, Atlantic Ocean

Multibeam data were collected during RV Polarstern cruise PS132 (2022-08-31 to 2022-09-29). Multibeam sonar system was Atlas Hydrographic Hydrosweep DS 3 multibeam echo sounder. Data are processed with Caris HIPS, including sound velocity correction with SV data from CTDs, XBTs and World Ocean Atlas 18 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/NCEI-WOA18), tidal correction with TPXO9_atlas_v5 (https://www.tpxo.net), and manual cleaning. The soundings are combined in daily files, the format is XYZ ASCII (<Lon> <Lat> <Depth in meters, positive up, relative to mean sea level>). Additional blockmedian grids have been computed with depth dependent cell size to visualize the data. These grids are not meant for scientific analysis or navigation, but for overview purposes only.

Total sediment thickness of the world's oceans and marginal seas, version 3 (GlobSed)

NCEI's global ocean sediment thickness grid of Divins (2003) updated by Whittaker et al. (2013) has been updated again for the NE Atlantic, Arctic, Southern Ocean, and Mediterranean regions. The new global 5‐arc‐minute total sediment thickness grid, GlobSed, incorporates new data and several regional oceanic sediment thickness maps, which have been compiled and published for the, (1) NE Atlantic (Funck et al., 2017; Hopper et al., 2014), (2) Mediterranean (Molinari & Morelli, 2011), (3) Arctic (Petrov et al., 2016), (4) Weddell Sea (Huang et al., 2014), and (5) the Ross Sea, Amundsen Sea, and Bellingshausen Sea sectors off West Antarctica (Lindeque et al., 2016; Wobbe et al., 2014). This version also includes updates in the White Sea region based on the VSEGEI map of Orlov and Fedorov (2001). GlobSed covers a larger area than NCEI's previous global grids (Divins, 2003; Whittaker et al. 2013), and the new updates results in a 29.7% increase in estimated total oceanic sediment volume. This dataset has been archived in the framework of the PANGAEA US data rescue initiative 2025.

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