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METOP GOME-2 - Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - Global

Gridded Level 3 SO2 total column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. Volcanoes are the largest soures of SO2 in the atmosphere, depending on the erruption the Sulfurous compounds can be injected into stratosphere but in most cases it stays within the troposphere. Another important source is the coal combustion. Desulfurisation facilities within the power stations have reduced the sulfur emissions around the globe. In the stratosphere sulfur is a key component for building up aerosols, which reflect parts of the solar irradiation. The total SO2 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the ultraviolet wavelength region [using the DOAS method]. Depending on the plume SO2 can be a very strong absorber, because of that the ODAS retrieval might have some smaller issues, they can be reduced by choosing different wavelenght ranges depending on the signal. We apply three different fitting windows between 310 and 360nm. For the AMF, we assume a plumeheight of 6 km altitude. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

Messung des spektralen Extinktionskoeffizienten atmosphärischer Aerosole bei Umgebungsbedingungen und Charakterisierung der hygroskopischen Eigenschaften in Quellregionen (beeinflusst durch: MARINE - DUST - SMOKE) mit Hilfe von SÆMS, LIDAR und in-situ Methoden.

Im Rahmen des Projektes soll der spektrale Extinktionskoeffizient des unbeeinflussten atmosphärischen Aerosols bei 3 Wellenlängen (405, 532, 850 nm) mit einem neu entwickelten portablen SAEMS (Spectral Aerosol Extinction Monitoring System) in Kombination mit einem Ramanlidar untersucht werden. Dieses Fernmessverfahren soll weltweit in ausgewählten Quellregionen mit charakteristischen, unterschiedlichen Aerosoltypen (marines Aerosol, Mineralstaubaerosol, Biomasseverbrennungsaerosol) und natürlichen Aerosolmischungen eingesetzt werden. Das Messsystem wird mit Feuchte- und Temperatursensoren ausgestattet sein damit speziell auch die Änderung der optischen Eigenschaften der atmosphärischen Partikel bei realistischen Umgebungsfeuchtebedingungen erfasst wird. Die Wegstreckenauswahl dieses Aufbaus wird für die jeweiligen Aerosolbedingungen optimiert (horizontale Messstreckenlänge 1-3 km, 10-20 m über dem Boden). Die hygroskopischen Eigenschaften des Aerosols im Umgebungsfeuchtebereich sollen spezifisch für den jeweiligen Einsatzort bestimmt werden und eine aerosoltypabhängige Parametrisierung erarbeitet werden. Ziel ist langfristig die Charakterisierung der Aerosolsäule durch Kombination von bodengebundenen in-situ Methoden und Fernmessverfahren und sowie eine systematische Untersuchung des Feuchteeinflusses auf die aerosoloptischen Eigenschaften. Dazu soll die automatisierte Ermittlung des Extinktionskoeffizienten im bodennahen Bereich in den kontinuierlichen Messbetrieb der mobilen Landstation LACROS (Leipzig Aerosol and Cloud Remote Observations System) des TROPOS integriert werden. Derartige Untersuchungen sind von großer Wichtigkeit für die Klimamodellierung (Parametrisierung der Strahlungswechselwirkung von Aerosolen) sowie der Synthese der aktiven Fernerkundung (Bestimmung der optischen Eigenschaften der Aerosolsäule) und der mikrophysikalischen Eigenschaften durch in-situ Bodenmessungen.

METOP GOME-2 - Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) - Global

Gridded Level 3 tropospheric NO2 column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. In the troposphere NO2 is a short-lived atmospheric constituent caused by combustion processes, e.g. fossil fuel consumption or biomass buring or by lightning. NO2 plays an important role in the formation of ozone. The total NO2 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the visible wavelength region around 440nm [using the DOAS method]. To derive tropospheric NO2 columns, the estimated stratospheric component is substracted from the total column. In addition, an air mass factor based on monthly climatological NO2 profiles is considered. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

METOP GOME-2 - Ozone (O3) - Global

Gridded Level 3 ozone column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. In the stratosphere – where the majority of the total O3 amount is located - O3 plays an vital role for the UV protection. In the troposphere O3 is generated by chemical processes caused by natural and anthropogenic emission of NO2 and volatile organic components (VOCs) (e.g. HCHO). Direct exposure to O3 is harmfull for humans and our environment. The total O3 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the uv wavelength region 325-335nm [using the DOAS method]. To determine the AMF an iterative process is applied, the assumed profile depends on the latitude, month, but also on the total column. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

METOP GOME-2 - Cloud Top Pressure (CTP) - Global

Gridded Level 3 cloud top pressure derived from Metop/GOME observations. Cloud physical properties (cloud fraction, cloud top height, cloud optical thickness) are derived from GOME/GOME-2 observations using the OCRA (Optical Cloud Recognition Algorithm) and ROCINN (Retrieval of Cloud Information using Neural Networks). For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/ The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

METOP GOME-2 - Cloud Optical Thickness (COT) - Global

Gridded Level 3 cloud optical thickness derived from Metop/GOME observations. Cloud physical properties (cloud fraction, cloud top height, cloud optical thickness) are derived from GOME/GOME-2 observations using the OCRA (Optical Cloud Recognition Algorithm) and ROCINN (Retrieval of Cloud Information using Neural Networks). For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/ The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

MiKlip FAST-O3: Fast stratospheric ozone chemistry for global climate models

In its first phase, MiKlip has made important research contributions and has developed an internationally competitive decadal climate prediction system. Building on these results, the overarching goal for MiKlip II is to establish and improve the decadal climate prediction system that eventually can be transferred to the German meteorological service DWD for operational use. MiKlip II is funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) with about 13 Mio. € for three years of collaborative research and a fourth year focusing on the operational implementation of the prediction system. MiKlip II involves 16 national partners from universities, research institutions and federal agencies.

Forschergruppe (FOR) 1095: Stratospheric Change and its Role for Climate Prediction (SHARP), Forschergruppe (FOR) 1095: Stratospheric Change and its Role for Climate Prediction (SHARP)

Future global climate change resulting from anthropogenic activity is now inevitable. The consequences for the stratosphere are poorly understood. A better understanding of the interactions between atmospheric chemistry and climate change is urgently required. This is a prerequisite for impact assessment and the definition of mitigation strategies. The DFG Research Unit Stratospheric Change and its Role for Climate Prediction (SHARP) addresses this issue and aims to improve our understanding and ability to predict global climate change and its interplay with the stratosphere. SHARP follows the recommendations for research, formulated by the Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC) Programme of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). SHARP will focus on the quantitative detection, attribution and prediction of changes in stratospheric dynamics and composition linked to climate change and their implications for the troposphere. The evolution of the stratosphere over the next decades in response to climate change is of crucial significance for the atmosphere as a whole. A unique window of opportunity exists to exploit the investment in the development of remote sensing and atmospheric modelling for scientific objectives of societal relevance, which provide the evidence base needed by international policymakers. To address these issues SHARP brings together excellent national expertise in state-of-the-art climate models and observations, in particular those derived from satellite instruments. SHARP will provide an important contribution by German scientists to the upcoming international WMO/UNEP and IPCC assessments.

Die globale Verteilung von 14 CO als Indikator fuer OH-Radikale

Natuerliches 14 CO wird in der Atmosphaere hauptsaechlich durch kosmische Strahlung gebildet. Es wird dann fast ausschliesslich durch Reaktion mit OH-Radikalen zu 14 CO2 oxidiert. Die Produktionsrate ist sehr gut bekannt; Messungen der 14 CO-Verteilung lassen daher direkte Schluesse auf die entsprechende OH Verteilung zu. Zur Messung wird zunaechst das Kohlenmonoxid aus ca. 100 Kubikmeter Luft chemisch abgetrennt. Anschliessend wird der 14 C Gehalt in einer speziellen 'low level'-Zaehlapparatur mit geringem Volumen bestimmt. Bisher wurden Messungen in der Nordhemisphaere am Boden durchgefuehrt (Vols et al., 1979, 1980, 1981). Ergaenzende Messungen in der hoeheren Atmosphaere sowie der Suedhemisphaere zur besseren Absicherung der ermittelten OH-Verteilung sind in Vorbereitung.

Sea-Ice and Stratospheric Ozone-Links and Impact in the Arctic and Antarctic (ISOLAA)

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