Die Karte gibt einen Überblick über bestehende und geplante Flüchtlingsunterkünfte in Hamburg.
Das Projekt "SP 1.2 Optimisation of soil organic matter management under intensive cropping in the North China Plain" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Kulturpflanzenwissenschaften (340), Fachgebiet Düngung und Bodenstoffhaushalt (340i) durchgeführt. Intensive maize-wheat double cropping is a common plant production system at the North China Plains. More than 600 kg N/ha as mineral N fertiliser are applied annually while only 300 to 350 kg N/ha are removed with plant products. Despite of this extraordinarily high level of N-fertilisation, the yield potential in the common wheat-maize cropping system is by far not fully taped yet. Beside low N utilization efficiencies (partly less than 30 percent), frequent lodging and environmental pollution including leaching and gaseous losses of N are the results of the excessive use of fertiliser-N. Within this study, different N-fertilisation, tillage and cropping strategies shall be investigated with their potential to maintain high levels of SOM and to guaranty high and stable yields in the long term in the North China Plain. Future developments like climate change and increasing demand for energy production from plant residues shall be considered. Special emphasis will be put on the fate of (fertilised) N which preferably should be available for plant uptake and built up of organic matter but may also disappear by leaching and gaseous losses. A combination of lab experiments, existing and newly established long term field experiments combined with computer modelling shall be used to extrapolate short and medium term findings into the future and up to a regional scale.
Das Projekt "The European aeroemissions network (AERONET)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., Institut für Antriebstechnik durchgeführt. One of the major problems that civil aeronautics will have to face over the next twenty or thirty years is to accommodate the predicted growth in demand of air transport without creating unacceptable adverse environmental effects. It is to be expected that new scientific results, increasing public concerns over the environment and future restrictive regulations with respect to aircraft emissions will force airline companies to take ecological considerations much more into account than it does at present. Consequently, for European aircraft manufacturers it is of high importance to react early and to guide their research and development resources into the most important and efficient direction. The aim of the AERONET project is to support coordination ' a postiori' of existing European and national projects or programmes dealing with the contribution of air traffic emissions to anthropogenic climate and atmospheric changes. For this purpose AERONET seeks to : - bring together experts from engine technology, atmospheric research and operations as well as programme responsible to exchange knowledge and opinions and to discuss necessary future actions on the basis of jointly defined goals and time scales, - produce competitive advantage for Europe through enhanced information echoing in the field of atmospheric effects of air traffic emissions, - strengthen a common European position in global technical and political discussions - support the Commission in identifying topics for the 5th Framework Programme, - identify gaps and help prepare a coordinated submission of proposals. European Dimension and Partnership: Europe is, beside the US, one of the two biggest aircraft manufacturers. One supposition for the economic success of European aircraft industry is not only to fulfill the existing regulations but, due to the long development times of 5-10 years and the long lifetimes of aircraft of more than 20 years, also to take the trend of future regulations development into account at a very early stage. This needs continuous and fast information exchange and discussions between atmospheric scientists, aircraft engineers and regulatory organisations. To be successful with an effort of this dimension, optimal coordination of national and European programmes in all three fields is required. Thus the network brings together representatives of all programmes and institutions concerned, helps to integrate activities through better information exchange, tries to identify the most urgent themes for R&D activities and intends to give recommendations for the Fifth Framework Programme. Potential Applications: Understanding the atmospheric impacts, the technical consequences and development perspectives, and the operational impacts as a whole is absolutely necessary to strengthen the European position in global regulatory committees on the on side and to gain competitive advantages for the European aircraft and airline industries on the other side. usw
Das Projekt "Biomass Fuell Cell Utility System (BIOCELLUS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität München, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Fakultät für Maschinenwesen, Lehrstuhl für Energiesysteme durchgeführt. Objective: Energy from Biomass needs highly efficient small-scale energy systems in order to achieve cost effective solutions for decentralized generation especially in Mediterranean and Southern areas, and for applications without adequate heat consumer. Thus fuel cells are an attractive option for decentralized generation from biomass and agricultural residues but they have to meet at least two outstanding challenges: 1. Fuel cell materials and the gas cleaning technologies have to treat high dust loads of the fuel gas and pollutants like tars, alkalines and heavy metals. 2. The system integration has to allow efficiencies of at least 40-50 percent even within a power range of few tens or hundreds of kW. This proposal addresses in particular these two aims. Hence the first part of the project will focus on the investigation of the impact of these pollutants on degradation and performance characteristics of SOFC fuel cells in order to specify the requirements for appropriate gas cleaning system (WP 1-2). These tests will be performed at six existing gasification sites, which represent the most common and applicable gasification technologies. WP 3 will finally test and demonstrate the selected gas cleaning technologies in order to verify the specifications obtained from the gasification tests. The results will be used for the development, installation and testing of an innovative SOFC - Gasification concept, which will especially match the particular requirements of fuel cell systems for the conversion of biomass feedstock. The innovative concept comprises to heat an allothermal gasifier with the exhaust heat of the fuel cell by means of liquid metal heat pipes. Internal cooling of the stack and the recirculation of waste heat increases the system efficiency significantly. This so-called TopCycle concept promises electrical efficiencies of above 50 percent even for small-scale systems without any combined processes.
Das Projekt "AURORa - Investigation of the Radar Backscatter of Rain Impinging on the Ocean Surface" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Zentrum für Meeres- und Klimaforschung, Institut für Meereskunde (IfM) durchgeführt. Over land, observations of rain rates are more or less operational. To obtain information about precipitation at the coastal zones, weather radars are used. However, over the oceans, especially away from the main shipping routes, no direct precipitation measurements are performed. In these regions, satellite data can provide information about precipitation events. Satellites deploying passive and active microwave sensors can operate independently of cloud cover and time of day. Passive microwave sensors give crude estimates of rain rates over large areas but cannot resolve small-scale rain events of short duration as are often observed in the tropics, for example. Active microwave sensors with high resolutions, such as synthetic aperture radars can provide more reliable information. Though the effect of rain on the atmosphere is a very topical area of research, the radar backscattering mechanisms at the water surface during rain events combined with wind are still not well understood. The purpose of this project is to investigate the radar backscattering from the water surface in the presence of rain and wind in order to interpret satellite radar data produced by active microwave sensors. Furthermore, the results should be embedded into models of the radar backscattering from the water surface to allow for estimating rain rates by using satellite data. Research topics: Rain impinging on a water surfaces generates splash products including crowns, cavities, stalks and secondary drops, which do not propagate, and ring waves and subsurface turbulence. We are investigating this phenomena at the wind-wave tank of the University of Hamburg. The tank is fitted with an artificial rain simulator of 2.3 m2 area mounted 4.5 m over the water surface. Rain drops of 2.1 and 2.9 mm in diameter with rain rates up to 100 mm/h have been produced. Wind with speeds 10 m/s and monomolecular slicks act on the water surface. The influence of the rain on the water surface is measured with a resistance type wire gauge, a two dimensional laser slope gauge and an coherent 9.8 GHz (x band) continuous wave scatterometer operating at VV-, HH- and HV-polarization. The influence of rain below the water surface is measured with colored raindrops which are observed with a video camera to investigate the turbulent motion and the depth of the mixed layer. At the North Sea Port of Buesum in Germany, a scatterometer operating at all polarizations and five frequencies will be mounted during summer of this year. The radar backscatter of the sea surface during rain events will be measured in combination with meteorological observations. With help of these measurements, existing radar backscatter models of the water surface will be improved for the presence of rain events. To validate the improved models, ERS-2 SAR-images will be compared with weather radar data.
Das Projekt "Aufkommen und Verwertung von Verpackungsabfällen in Deutschland im Jahr 2019" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von GVM Gesellschaft für Verpackungsmarktforschung mbH durchgeführt. Nach der EU-Richtlinie 94/62/EG über Verpackungen und Verpackungsabfälle vom 20.12.1994 in Verbindung mit der Richtlinie 2018/852 vom 30. Mai 2018 sind die EU-Mitgliedstaaten verpflichtet, jährlich über Verbrauch und Verwertung von Verpackungen zu berichten. Der Bericht hat auf der Grundlage der Entscheidung der Kommission vom 22.03.2005 zur Festlegung der Tabellenformate (2005/270/EG), zuletzt geändert durch den Durchführungsbeschluss (EU) 2019/665 vom 17. April 2019, zu erfolgen. Die Studie bestimmt die in Deutschland in Verkehr gebrachte Menge an Verpackungen (Verpackungsverbrauch) für die Materialgruppen Glas, Kunststoff, Papier / Karton, Aluminium, Eisenmetalle, Holz und Sonstige. Zur Verbrauchsberechnung wurden neben der in Deutschland eingesetzten Menge von Verpackungen auch die gefüllten Exporte und die gefüllten Importe ermittelt. Zur Bestimmung der Verwertungsmengen und Verwertungswege wurden die vorliegenden Daten von Verbänden, der Entsorgungswirtschaft und der Umweltstatistik systematisch zusammengetragen und dokumentiert. Der Verpackungsverbrauch zur Entsorgung stieg 2019 im Vergleich zum Vorjahr um 0,2 % bzw. um 47 kt auf 18,91 Mio. Tonnen an. Insgesamt 18,33 Mio. Tonnen Verpackungsabfälle wurden 2019 verwertet, 13,53 Mio. Tonnen stofflich und 4,8 Mio. Tonnen energetisch. Darüber hinaus dokumentiert der Bericht auch die Verbrauchs- und Recyclingmengen nach der Berechnungsmethode des Durchführungsbeschlusses (EU) 2019/665, die für die Meldung an die Europäische Kommission maßgebend sind. Der Verpackungsverbrauch ändert sich im Gesamtergebnis nicht. Die Recyclingmenge reduziert sich im Vergleich zur bisherigen Berechnungsmethode um 1,4 Mio. Tonnen auf 12,1 Mio. Tonnen. Die Menge der energetisch verwerteten Verpackungen erhöht sich um 1,2 Mio. Tonnen auf 6 Mio. Tonnen.
Das Projekt "Ground-based remote sensing measurements of CO2 and CH4 using the moon as light source during the polar night" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Bremen, Institut für Umweltphysik durchgeführt. Throughout the last years measurement techniques have been developed to measure total columns of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 with sufficient precision using the ground-based solar absorption remote sensing spectrometry in the near-infrared spectral region. These observations are internationally organized in the Total Column Carbon Observing Network (TCCON). These observations have been initiated for the satellite validation, because they sample the atmosphere in a similar way as satellites. However, the measurements itself have been found extremely valuable to investigate the sources and sinks of the trace gases, because the interpretation of the ground-based total column data depend to a less extent on assumptions on the vertical mixing in the atmosphere compared to surface in-situ data. We perform such observations at our site in the high Arctic on Spitsbergen (79°N). However, during the polar night from October until mid-March no observations can be performed, because the sun is below the horizon. Since the seasonal cycle of CO2 is largest in the high northern latitudes the lack of total column data for the winter period limits our understanding of the carbon budget. Within this project we plan to modify the measurement and analysis technique to measure the total columns of CO2 and CH4 in the near-infrared using the moon as light source during the polar night. This will allow us to perform observations on +-3 days around full moon, and thus, obtain data throughout the polar night for about three full moon periods. This allows measuring the complete seasonal cycle of total column measurements of CO2 and CH4 in the high Arctic, which is not known so far. Finally, the whole set of data will be compared to the existing in-situ surface data at that site and both data sets, in-situ and total column, will be compared with appropriate models.
Das Projekt "SILVIA - Sustainable Road Surfaces for Traffic Noise Control" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt) durchgeführt. The first objective is to develop a classification procedure combined with a conformity-of-production testing method. It will start from existing measurement methods, improve some of them and possibly develop new ones. The second objective is to test and specify road construction and maintenance techniques that would achieve satisfactory durability of the acoustic performances while complying with other requirements of sustainability like safety, pollution and mobility. The third objective is to develop a procedure for cost/benefit analysis of noise abatement measures. The fourth objective is to issue a 'European Guidance Manual on the Utilisation of Low-Noise Road Surfacing' to help decision-makers to rationally plan noise abating or preventing measures integrating low-noise surfaces with other noise control measures. Prime Contractor: Belgian Road Research Centre; Bruxelles; Belgie.
Das Projekt "CSIRO-PIK Collaboration in assessments of sustainable pathways for feeding 9 billion people (CSIRO - RD1)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung e.V. durchgeführt. The objective of the collaborative agreement is to assess sustainable pathways for feeding 9 billion people. Key dimensions of sustainability to be explored include intensification pathways, water, nutrients, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The Collaborator (Jens Heinke) will spend 2 months per year at CSIRO to ensure the delivery of project outputs and to foster institutional collaboration. The Collaborator (Jens Heinke) will undertake to: 1. Assess the alteration of nitrogen and phosphorus cycles by livestock production from different animal types, in different world regions and in different production systems. The analysis will build on a detailed representation of the livestock sector from Herrero et al. and previous work by Bouwman et al. The assessment will highlight the different alteration of nutrient cycling by different forms of livestock production providing important insight for sustainable intensification. 2. Comprehensively assess trade-offs between consumptive water use, nutrients, and GHG emissions in global agriculture within a consistent framework. The analysis will build on the previous quantification of alterations of nutrient cycles that completes already existing quantifications of consumptive water use and GHG emissions based on the same detailed representation of the livestock sector, and provide insights on competing goals in the context of sustainable intensification. 3. Participate in the development of 'wedge-based' regional and global models of global food systems in collaboration with Princeton University and INRA. The previous trade-off analysis of water, nutrients, and GHGs will provide a basis for quantifying resources and emission related aspects of different strategies for sustainable intensification. 4. Assist in the development of scenarios of sustainable diets and their impacts on the world food and ecosystems. For this activity, the previous trade-off analysis of water, nutrients, and GHGs will provide the link to resources use and environmental consequences for given scenarios of food consumption.
Das Projekt "Dynamic (redox) interfaces in soil - Carbon turnover in microbial biomass and flux into soil organic matter" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH - UFZ, Department Umweltbiotechnologie durchgeführt. Existing models of soil organic matter (SOM) formation consider plant material as the main source of SOM. Recent results from nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of SOM and from own incubation studies, however, show that microbial residues also contribute to a large extent to SOM formation. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the soil mineral sur-faces are covered by numerous small patchy fragments (100 - 500 nm) deriving from microbial cell wall residues. We will study the formation and fate of these patchy fragments as continuously produced interfaces in artificial soil systems (quartz, montmorillonite, iron oxides, bacteria and carbon sources). We will quantify the relative contributions of different types of soil organisms to patchy fragment formation and elucidate the effect of redox con-ditions and iron mineralogy on the formation and turnover of patchy fragments. The develop-ment of patchy fragments during pedogenesis will be followed by studying soil samples from a chronosequence in the forefield of the retreating Damma glacier. We will characterize chemical and physical properties of the patchy fragments by nanothermal analysis and microscale condensation experiments in an environmental scanning electron microscope. The results will help understanding the processes at and characteristics of biogeochemical interfaces.