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CH4 concentrations in the culture system during long-term culture of Gigantidas childressi

The seawater in the G. childressi culture system was enriched with methane by injection of methane-enriched air from an air-methane gas mixing device. methane concentrations were monitored using a CONTROS HydroC® CH₄ sensor in the filter tank of the culture system.

Volume - mass relationship of silica sand used to measure mussel shell volumes in deep-sea mussel culture

Volume (V) – weight (m) relationship of silica sand (grading 50-1000μm) used to measure G. childressi shell volume. A standardized cup of exact 0.2602 mL was used to measure 1 to 30 as well as 35 and 40 standardized units of sand.

Gas consumption of cultures Gigantidas childressi

Gas consumption of two batches (1 and 2) of cultured G. childressi. Batch 2 mussels were cultured under 3 different nutrition regimes (CH4, algae + CH4, only algae). Methane consumption of batch 2 mussels was measured twice, in 2017 and 2019.

Growth of cultured Gigantidas Childressi after 21 months in culture

G. childressi shell length and shell thickness growth after 21 months in culture, as deduced from calcein staining marks using a Leica M165 FC stereo microscope.

Condition index of cultured Gigantidas childress in deep-sea mussel culture in 2016

Gigantidas childressi (cultured from July 2014 to August 2016) were sampled after 23 months of culture. The conditions index was calculated as the ratio of ash-free dry weight (g) and mussel shell volume (mL).

Total weight and wet weight of cultured Gigantidas childressi in deep-sea mussel culture

Cultured G. childressi wet weight – total weight relationship measured for Ci measurements in 2016

Condition index of cultured Gigantidas childress in deep-sea mussel culture in 2019

Gigantidas childressi from three different nutritional treatments (cultured from August 2017 to November 2019) were sampled after 27 months of culture. The conditions index was calculated as the ratio of ash-free dry weight (g) and mussel shell volume (mL).

Stable isotopes of cultured Gigantidas childressi in deep-sea mussel culture

Stable isotopes (a: δ15N, b: δ13C) of G. childressi that experienced different nutritional regimes (CH4: 'M', algae + CH4: MA', only algae: 'A') in our culture. As reference, t0 animals were sampled upon arrival at GEOMAR after spending 2 months post-capture at Charles Fisher's 'deep-sea lab' aquarium system, Pennsylvania State University

Clearance rates of Gigantidas childressi filtering phytoplankton

Clearance rates of two batches (1 and 2) of cultured G. childressi mussels filtering phytoplankton. Batch 1 mussels ('small': 51 ± 3 mm SD, 'large': 77 ± 4 mm SD) received either Rhodomonas or Nannochloropsis cells. Batch 2 mussels from were cultured under different nutritional treatments (CH4: 'M', algae + CH4: MA', only algae: 'A'). The measurement of clearance rates of batch 2 G. childressi cultured in the 'A' treatment (without CH4 supply) was conducted twice: once while mussels were placed in CH4-enriched seawater, and, subsequently, once without CH4.

Valve gape activity of cultured Gigantidas childresse: mean data

Valve gape activity of cultured G. childressi mussels from different nutritional treatments (CH4: 'M', algae + CH4: 'MA', algae: 'A') at changing seawater CH4 concentrations. Activities assessed based on time lapse image analysis.

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