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Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 527: Bereich Infrastruktur - International Ocean Discovery Program, Teilprojekt: Terrestrische Ökosystem- und Klimadynamik in SE-Afrika für den Zeitraum der Entwicklung, des Vorkommens und des Aussterbens archaischer Hominiden (4-2 Ma) basierend auf Kernmaterial von IODP-Expedition 361

Das beantragte Projekt hat zum Ziel, die terrestrische Ökosystem- und Klimadynamik - und damit die naturräumlichen Rahmenbedingungen für die Evolution früher Hominiden - in SE-Afrika während des 'mittleren' Pliozäns und frühen Pleistozäns zu rekonstruieren. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, soll an Hand von Kernmaterial von IODP Expedition 361 ('Southern African Climates') eine Land/Meer-Korrelation vor SE-Afrika erarbeitet werden; diese wird die erste kontinuierliche Rekonstruktion der terrestrischen Ökosystem- und Klimaänderungen in SE-Afrika während des 'mittleren' Pliozäns bis frühen Pleistozäns liefern. Methodisch basiert das Projekt auf einem integrierten Ansatz, der palynologische (Pollen und Sporen) und elementgeochemische (XRF-Scanning) Analysen vereint und auf den Splice von IODP-Site U1478 (Straße von Mosambik) angewendet werden soll. Eine präzise Alterskontrolle wird durch die hochauflösende Benthos-Sauerstoffisotopenstratigraphie ermöglicht, die aktuell für Site U1478 erarbeitet wird. Site U1478 ist für die hier vorgeschlagenen Untersuchungen aus einer Reihe von Gründen ideal geeignet: (i) er stellt ein stratigraphisch außergewöhnlich vollständiges Archiv dar und verfügt dabei über hohe Sedimentationsraten; (ii) seine proximale Lage in Bezug auf das Limpopo-Delta gewährleistet einen hohen Anteil terrigenen Inputs im Kernmaterial; (iii) die Ursprungsregion dieser terrigenen Komponenten lässt sich hervorragend eingrenzen; (iv) er ist gegenüber terrestrischen Klimaänderungen hoch empfindlich, wie frühere Studien an nahe gelegenen Kurzkernen belegen; (v) die für das vorgeschlagene Projekt durchgeführten Pilotstudien an Kernfänger-Material belegen, dass seine Sedimente in Bezug auf Pollen und Sporen extrem produktiv sind; er liegt in einer proximal Position hinsichtlich der paläoanthropologischen 'Cradle of Humankind'-Fundstätten in Südafrika. Unter Berücksichtigung des gegenwärtigen Forschungsstandes zur Evolution archaischer Hominiden (insbesondere Australopithecus africanus) fokussiert das Projekt auf den Zeitraum zwischen 4 und 2 Ma; kritische Intervalle der Evolution archaischer Hominiden sollen in besonders hoher zeitlicher Auflösung analysiert werden. Die Integration der palynologischen und elementgeochemischen Proxy-Daten wird detaillierte Aussagen zum Charakter und Zeitpunkt wie auch zur Stärke und Geschwindigkeit der Ökosystem- und Klimavariabilität im Einzugsgebiet des Limpopo River und damit in der 'Cradle of Humankind'-Region erlauben. Dadurch wird nicht nur die Klärung der Frage möglich, inwiefern Intervalle mit besonders ausgeprägtem Umweltwandel tatsächlich mit Schritten in der Hominiden-Evolution einhergehen, sondern es lassen sich auch die einzelnen Komponenten dieses Umweltwandels identifizieren. Diese Informationen können neues Licht auf die aktuelle Diskussion um potenzielle kausale Zusammenhänge zwischen Umwelt-'Forcing' und menschlicher Evolution werfen.

Seawater carbonate chemistry and behavioural trait expression of polar invertebrates

Here, we examine the ecosystem ramifications of changes in sediment-dwelling invertebrate bioturbation behaviour—a key process mediating nutrient cycling—associated with nearfuture environmental conditions (+ 1.5 °C, 550 ppm [pCO2]) for species from polar regions experiencing rapid rates of climate change. This dataset is included in the OA-ICC data compilation maintained in the framework of the IAEA Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (see https://oa-icc.ipsl.fr). Original data were downloaded from Polar Data Centre (see Source) by the OA-ICC data curator. In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2024) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2024-07-11.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE662

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE . The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE669

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE669

Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a Seabird SBE 911plus CTD during RV HEINCKE cruise HE669. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus), conductivity (SBE4) and oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer and an altimeter (PSA-916 Teledyne (Benthos)) were mounted to the CTD. Temperature, conductivity and oxygen sensors are calibrated by the manufacturer once a year before being mounted in January. They are used throughout the year and no post-cruise or in-situ calibration is applied. All other sensors are calibrated irregularly. Data were connected to the station book of the specific cruise as available in the DSHIP database. Processing of the data including removal of obvious outliers followed the procedures described in CTD Processing Logbook of RV HEINCKE (hdl:10013/epic.47427). The processing report for this dataset is linked below.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE487

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE663

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE . The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE663

Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a Seabird SBE 911plus CTD during RV HEINCKE cruise HE663. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus), conductivity (SBE4) and oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer and an altimeter (PSA-916 Teledyne (Benthos)) were mounted to the CTD. Temperature, conductivity and oxygen sensors are calibrated by the manufacturer once a year before being mounted in January. They are used throughout the year and no post-cruise or in-situ calibration is applied. All other sensors are calibrated irregularly. Data were connected to the station book of the specific cruise as available in the DSHIP database. Processing of the data including removal of obvious outliers followed the procedures described in CTD Processing Logbook of RV HEINCKE (hdl:10013/epic.47427). The processing report for this dataset is linked below.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE473

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE468

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

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