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Ecosystem Engineering: Sediment entrainment and flocculation mediated by microbial produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)

Sediment erosion and transport is critical to the ecological and commercial health of aquatic habitats from watershed to sea. There is now a consensus that microorganisms inhabiting the system mediate the erosive response of natural sediments ('ecosystem engineers') along with physicochemical properties. The biological mechanism is through secretion of a microbial organic glue (EPS: extracellular polymeric substances) that enhances binding forces between sediment grains to impact sediment stability and post-entrainment flocculation. The proposed work will elucidate the functional capability of heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae for mediating freshwater sediments to influence sediment erosion and transport. The potential and relevance of natural biofilms to provide this important 'ecosystem service' will be investigated for different niches in a freshwater habitat. Thereby, variations of the EPS 'quality' and 'quantity' to influence cohesion within sediments and flocs will be related to shifts in biofilm composition, sediment characteristics (e.g. organic background) and varying abiotic conditions (e.g. light, hydrodynamic regime) in the water body. Thus, the proposed interdisciplinary work will contribute to a conceptual understanding of microbial sediment engineering that represents an important ecosystem function in freshwater habitats. The research has wide implications for the water framework directive and sediment management strategies.

Ermittlung latitudinaler Artendiversitätsgradienten: Benthische Copepoda (Harpacticoida) und Loricifera des Südpolarmeeres

Im Rahmen des internationalen Expeditionsvorhabens ANDEEP (Antarctic benthic deep-sea biodiversity) soll die Artenvielfalt der benthischen Harpacticoida (Copepoda) untersucht werden. Dafür sollen auf zwei Fahrtabschnitten je zwei weit auseinanderliegende Stationen mit mehreren Multicorern hintereinander in Tiefen ab 3000 m beprobt werden. Für jede Probe soll die Artenzusammensetzung und die Abundanz der einzelnen Arten vierer ausgewählter übergeordneter Taxa (Argestidae, Pseudotachidiidae, Neobradyidae, Huntemanniidae) als Grundlage für eine Untersuchung der Diversitätsmuster ermittelt werden. Durch Vergleich der vier Stationen untereinander und mit denen der bereits durchgeführten DIVA-Expedition zum Angola-Becken soll überprüft werden, wie groß die Areale sind, die einzelne Arten besiedeln bzw. wie hoch der Anteil weit verbreiteter und lokaler Arten ist. Dies ist wichtig, will man zu einer überschlagmäßigen Abschätzung der Gesamtartenzahl der Harpacticoida in der Tiefsee gelangen. Außerdem wird ein Vergleich der Harpacticoida der antarktischen Tiefsee mit denen des Schelfes angestrebt. Ausgewählte Teiltaxa sollen systematisch bearbeitet werden. Zusätzlich werden von uns die Loricifera untersucht.

Kritische Untersuchungen von Algenpopulationen bezueglich ihres Wertes als Bioindikatoren der Gewaesserbelastung, insbesondere an Industriestandorten der Rhein-Main-Region

Populationsdynamik, Toleranzverhalten von Diatomeenarten (benthisch) in Fluessen bei unterschiedlicher Abwaesserbelastung. Nach vorlaeufigem Abschluss der Untersuchungen in Rhein und Main Ausdehnung auf kleinere Fliessgewaesser, insbesondere in Hessen, und andere europaeische Stromsysteme.

Ökologische Interaktionen zwischen Zoo- und Phytobenthos der Polarmeere unter Berücksichtigung von Abwehrmechanismen gegenüber Fraßdruck

Benthische Makroalgengesellschaften des Nordpolarmeeres bieten vielen Evertebraten Lebensraum, Kinderstube, Schutz und Nahrung. Die zugrundeliegenden ökologischen Interaktionen zwischen Zoo- und Phytobenthos der Arktis sind im Gegensatz zu gemäßigten und tropischen Regionen wenig bekannt. Das Projekt untersucht deshalb erstmalig biologische und chemische Interaktionen zwischen Evertebraten und Makroalgen auf Spitzbergen (KoldeweyStation) unter Berücksichtigung von Abwehrmechanismen gegenüber Fraßdruck. Zu Beginn sollen Freilanduntersuchungen (Taucharbeiten) zur qualitativen und quantitativen Erfassung der mit Makroalgen assoziierten Evertebraten durchgeführt werden, um gezielt herbivore Tiere in anschließenden Fütterungsversuchen als Generalisten, Generalisten mit Präferenz oder Spezialisten zu identifizieren. Ergänzende Biotests dienen dazu, Hinweise auf strukturelle und/oder chemische Eigenschaften der Pflanzen zu erhalten, die den unterschiedlichen Fraß der Herbivoren an verschiedenen Makroalgen-Arten beeinflussen. Von besonderem Interesse sind Untersuchungen zum chemischen Schutz der Algen gegen Fraß, in denen der zugrundeliegende Wirkmechanismus und die chemische Struktur von wirksamen Sekundärmetaboliten in Kooperation mit Naturstoffchemikern bearbeitet werden sollen.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE660

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE . The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE662

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE . The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE669

Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a Seabird SBE 911plus CTD during RV HEINCKE cruise HE669. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus), conductivity (SBE4) and oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer and an altimeter (PSA-916 Teledyne (Benthos)) were mounted to the CTD. Temperature, conductivity and oxygen sensors are calibrated by the manufacturer once a year before being mounted in January. They are used throughout the year and no post-cruise or in-situ calibration is applied. All other sensors are calibrated irregularly. Data were connected to the station book of the specific cruise as available in the DSHIP database. Processing of the data including removal of obvious outliers followed the procedures described in CTD Processing Logbook of RV HEINCKE (hdl:10013/epic.47427). The processing report for this dataset is linked below.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE672

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE . The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE671

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE . The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE672

Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a Seabird SBE 911plus CTD during RV HEINCKE cruise HE672. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus), conductivity (SBE4) and oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer and an altimeter (PSA-916 Teledyne (Benthos)) were mounted to the CTD. Temperature, conductivity and oxygen sensors are calibrated by the manufacturer once a year before being mounted in January. They are used throughout the year and no post-cruise or in-situ calibration is applied. All other sensors are calibrated irregularly. Data were connected to the station book of the specific cruise as available in the DSHIP database. Processing of the data including removal of obvious outliers followed the procedures described in CTD Processing Logbook of RV HEINCKE (hdl:10013/epic.47427). The processing report for this dataset is linked below.

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