Das Projekt "Basierend auf einem ganzheitlichen Ansatz entwickelt das Projekt bankfähige Geschäftsmodelle zum Biodiversitätsschutz und entwirft innovative, maßgeschneiderte Biodiversitäts-Finanzierungsinstrumente." wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Adelphi Research gemeinnützige GmbH.
Das Projekt "VERBATIM - Verifikation des Beulnachweises und -verhaltens großer Monopiles, Teilvorhaben: Verifikationsversuche zum Beulverhalten großer Monopiles an Stahlrohren mit variabler Bettung und Entwicklung von Ingenieurmodellen" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung.
Das Projekt "VERBATIM - Verifikation des Beulnachweises und -verhaltens großer Monopiles, Teilvorhaben: Numerische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Beulverhalten großer Monopiles während und nach der Installation" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Bauingenieurwesen, Fachgebiet Grundbau und Bodenmechanik.
Das Projekt "Establishment and exploration of a gas ion source for micro-scale radiocarbon dating of glaciers and groundwater" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Umweltphysik.Recent progress in the operation of CO2 gas ion sources for accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) 14C analysis on microgram-size samples opens a wide range of new applications in dating studies, e.g. for environmental and archeological applications. This proposal aims at implementing a gas ion source at the AMS system MICADAS at the Klaus-Tschira Laboratory of the Curt-Engelhorn-Zentrum für Archäometrie (CEZA) in Mannheim and to use this new capability for cutting-edge applications in environmental studies, namely the dating of small amounts of organic carbon contained in glacier ice and of specific organic compounds in ground water. Cold glaciers hold unique records on past climate and atmospheric composition. Mid-latitude ice cores furthermore enable reconstructions of recent ice chemistry changes, but cannot be dated by stratigraphic methods. For such ice bodies, only radiometric dating based on 14C analysis of organic matter contained in the ice matrix presently offers a reasonable dating potential in the late Holocene and beyond. The challenge of this approach lies in the very restricted availability of this matter, but the ability to analyse microgram samples of organic carbon from ice via a gas ion source should now enable reliable 14C dating of ice. Ground water constitutes an important water resource worldwide, especially in semi-arid regions, and in addition constitutes a useful climate archive. Dating of ground water by 14C in the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is standard but problematic due to the complex carbonate geochemistry. Dating of ground water based on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) has been attempted with mixed success, but now the new analytical developments enable compound-specific 14C analyses of the various DOC components, offering the chance to identify compounds suitable for dating. This project is based on the extensive experience of the collaborating scientists in 14C analytics and applications as well as in the use of glacier ice and ground water as archives, including the development and application of 14C dating methods for these systems. It will establish 14C-measurements at the MICADAS AMS of the CEZA via a gas ion source on a routine base to analyse CO2-samples in the range of 5 to 40 microgram C at a precision down to 0,5 Prozent. By improving existing sample preparation techniques for glacier ice samples, reliable 14C values of the particulate and dissolved organic fractions from small (some 100 g) ice samples shall be obtained. This capability will be applied to constrain ages of cold, sedimentary glaciers as well as of small scale, cold Alpine congelation ice bodies. The project will further develop and test the tools required for micro-scale, compound-specific radiocarbon dating of ground water via its organic fraction. For this purpose, ground water samples from the Upper Rhine Graben area will be analysed, where extensive isotopic data, including DIC 14C values, are available for comparison.
Das Projekt "European Research Infrastrictures for Nuclear Data Application" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Roßendorf e.V., Institut für Strahlenphysik.Different concepts involving critical (fast) reactors or subcritical accelerator-driven systems are being studied in view of their transmutation capabilities. These design studies imply high demands on the underlying nuclear database. The need for improved nuclear data has been expressed in the Strategic Research Agenda of the SNE-TP ( Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform). The accurate knowledge of neutron and proton induced nuclear reactions in the fast, intermediate- and high energy domains (En=1keV to 500 MeV) is of crucial importance for predicting the capabilities of reducing the inventory of plutonium, minor actinides, and long-lived fission products. In the past, this energy domain was not investigated with high priority because of minor importance for conventional light-water reactors. An additional challenge is the tightening demand on the accuracy of the data, especially for assessing criticality safety aspects and designing fuels for very high burn-up. The ERINDA project aims for a coordination of European efforts to exploit up-to-date neutron beam technology for novel research on advanced concepts for nuclear fission reactors and the transmutation of radioactive waste. Such waste is already existing in appreciable quantity due to the year-Iong operation of existing nuclear reactors and it will eventually also be generated during the running of new reactor types - albeit they can be optimized to produce much less of it. Research to the aim of finding techniques optimized for a strong reduction of nuclear waste can already be performed at existing nuclear facilities from the consortium proposed in this proposal. The main objective is to provide adequate transnational access to the infrastructures. The consortium will also provide funding for scientific support of experiments by short term visits of scientist to the participating facilities and foster the communication and disseminaton of the results by organising scientific workshops.
Das Projekt "FORCE Proposal to Investigation of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in the PSI Smog Chamber and at CERN" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Paul Scherrer Institut, Labor für Atmosphärenchemie.The scientific objective of CLOUD is to investigate the influence of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) on ions, aerosols, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and clouds, with the CLOUD facility at CERN, and thereby to assess the significance of a possible 'solar indirect' contribution to climate change. Aerosols and clouds are recognised as representing the largest uncertainty in the current understanding of climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that changes of solar irradiance ('direct solar forcing') have made only a small (7Prozent) contribution to the observed warming. However, large uncertainties remain on other solar-related contributions, such as the effects of changes of galactic cosmic rays on aerosols and clouds. CLOUD aims to settle the important unanswered questions of the IPCC on possible cosmic ray effects on clouds and climate, and to help sharpen our understanding of the anthropogenic contribution to global warming. We have established a central CLOUD facility in the beamline T11 at the CERN Proton Synchrotron accelerator, comprising a large aerosol chamber, within which the atmosphere is recreated from ultra-pure air with added water vapour, trace gases under study and, for certain experiments, aerosols. The chamber is equipped with a wide range of sensitive instruments to analyse their contents via optical ports or sampling probes. The accelerator provides an adjustable and precisely measurable beam of 'cosmic rays' that closely matches natural cosmic rays in ionisation density, uniformity and intensity, spanning the atmospheric range from ground level to the maximum around 15 km altitude. In contrast with experiments in the atmosphere, CLOUD is able to compare processes when the cosmic ray beam is varied, and all experimental parameters can be precisely controlled and measured. More information is found at the CLOUD websites
Das Projekt "CERN-CLOUD project" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Paul Scherrer Institut, Labor für Atmosphärenchemie.CLOUD is an acronym for Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets. The scientific objective of CLOUD is to investigate the influence of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) on ions, aerosols, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and clouds, with the CLOUD facility at CERN, and thereby to assess the significance of a possible 'solar indirect' contribution to climate change. Aerosols and clouds are recognised as representing the largest uncertainty in the current understanding of climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that changes of solar irradiance ('direct solar forcing') have made only a small (7Prozent) contribution to the observed warming. However, large uncertainties remain on other solar-related contributions, such as the effects of changes of galactic cosmic rays on aerosols and clouds. CLOUD aims to settle the important unanswered questions of the IPCC on possible cosmic ray effects on clouds and climate, and to help sharpen our understanding of the anthropogenic contribution to global warming. The scientific programme of CLOUD will involve the establishment of a central CLOUD facility in a beamline (T11) at the CERN Proton Synchrotron accelerator, comprising a large aerosol chamber, within which the atmosphere is recreated from ultra-pure air with added water vapour, trace gases under study and, for certain experiments, aerosols. The chamber will be equipped with a wide range of sensitive instruments to analyse their contents via optical ports or sampling probes. The accelerator provides an adjustable and precisely measurable beam of 'cosmic rays' that closely matches natural cosmic rays in ionisation density, uniformity and intensity, spanning the atmospheric range from ground level to the maximum around 15 km altitude. In contrast with experiments in the atmosphere, CLOUD will be able to compare processes when the cosmic ray beam is varied, and all experimental parameters can be precisely controlled and measured. More information is found at the CLOUD website http://cloud.web.cern.ch/cloud/.
Das Projekt "Transmutation hochradioaktiven Abfalls in einem Kernreaktor-Beschleuniger-Hybridsystem (EUROTRANS)" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Universität Wien, Atominstitut (E141).Ziel des Gesamtprojekts ist die Forschung- und Entwicklung von Beschleuniger-getriebenen Kernanlagen zur Transmutation von radioaktivem Abfall. Die Aufgabe der Arbeitsgruppe an der TU Wien bestand in der Entwicklung eines Formalismus zur Bestimmung von Kovarianzmatrizen für Wirkungsquerschnitte Neutronen-induzierter Reaktionen, welcher auch in stark von Modellen abhängigen Kerndatenevaluationen verwendet werden können. Die Anwendbarkeit der neu entwickelten Methodik soll am Beispiel Neutron-induzierter Reaktionen am Blei gezeigt werden.
Das Projekt "Measurement of photon and neutron dose equivalent in the environment" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesamt für Gesundheit. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Bundesamt für Gesundheit.Measurement of photon and neutron dose equivalent in the environment The optimization of radiation protection is to be considered within a global framework allowing the evaluation of the various measures to eventually retain and implement only those which reasonably contribute to the radiation safety of people and the environment. As the surveillance authority in charge of granting authorizations with respect to radiation protection at the PSI and CERN research centers, the SFOPH is in the process of improving its environmental monitoring, as well as the measurement of doserates within, and in the vicinity of, those two centers. The SFOPH is also seeking to gather data prior to the commissioning of a new accelerator (LHC) at the CERN. The aim of this project is the development and commissioning of passive dosimeters for the environmental doserate monitoring around the PSI and CERN. This approach will allow a better analysis of the current situation and lead to improved doserate monitoring within those two organizations.
Das Projekt "ECSC-MINEHYG 6C, Investigation into the exposure to hazardous substances in workplace occuring during hot and cold vulcanization of conveyor belts" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Bergbau-Berufsgenossenschaft, Institut für Gefahrstoff-Forschung.Objective: The purpose of the research is: - to establish by measurement whether and to what extent substances contained in the rubber are dispersed into the atmosphere, especially during abrasion of damaged areas of conveyor belts or joint ends, with the result that workers are exposed to hazardous substances in particulate form; - to determine the hazardous vapour or gas emissions occurring when adhesives and rubber solutions are applied, often over large areas, to belt sections which require repair or joining and to the new pieces of belt cover to be fitted and to attempt to derive relationships between the components of the materials used and exposure to hazardous substances at the workplaces; - to measure and assess the hazardous vapours and gases produced in the course of hot and/or cold vulcanisation or of the curing of adhesive splices, with particular reference to the release of nitrosamins. General Information: Vulcanisation is the three-dimensional cross-linking of rubber in the presence of sulphur and heat to form a network structure, converting the rubber from a plastic to an elastic state. Since vulcanisation by the action of sulphur and heat is slow, various substances are added to the raw material to accelerate and control the process. In hot vulcanisation the main additives are: - accelerators such as xanthates, dithiocarbamates, thiurams, thiazoles, guanidines, thiourea derivatives, amine derivatives; - activators such as zinc oxide, antimony sulphide, litharge; - fatty acids such as stearic acid; - retarders such as organic acids (benzoic/salicyclic acids, phthalic anhydride, N-nitrosodiphenylamine); - fillers such as carbon blacks, silica gel, kaolin, chalk, talc; - pigments such as organic dyes, lithopones, metallic oxides (Fe, Cr, Cd); - softeners such as mineral oils, ethers and esters; - mastication additives such as chlorinated thiophenols and their zinc salts; - antidegradants such as aromatic amines, phenols, phosphites, waxes; - fire retardants such as chlorinated paraffins, halogenated alkyl phosphates. Furthermore, blowing, preserving, antistatic, mould release and bonding agents are added to obtain particular properties. Although cold vulcanisation is nowadays scarcely used for production, it still has a certain importance in repair work, in which no clear distinction is made between vulcanisation and splicing using adhesives. A common feature of both the cold vulcanisation and adhesive splicing processes, however, is the use of solvents which may have a carcinogenic potential, in particular chlorinated hydrocarbons. In the repair of conveyor belts underground, which primarily consists in making joints to form endless belts and in repairing damaged areas, the first stage is to remove the face and back covers by cutting and/or abrasion and to clean the strength members - the textile or steel carcass. Bonding or adhesive agents, rubber solutions etc are then applied and the belt is reconstructed with new or ...
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