Die Bodenkarte von Schleswig-Holstein 1:25.000 stellt für ca. die Hälfte des Landes die Böden als Bodenformen dar. Jeder Fläche ist eine flächendominante Bodenform zugeordnet. Begleitböden werden nicht aufgeführt. Neben den Bodentypen enthält die Karte Angaben zur dominanten Substratgenese, zur Bodenartenschichtung, zum Bodenausgangsgestein und zur Grundwasserstufe sowie zu möglichen anthropogenen Veränderungen oder Besonderheiten. Die Böden werden bis 2m unter Geländeoberfläche beschrieben. Die Karte basiert auf analog erschienenen Einzelkartenblättern des Kartenwerks Bodenkarte 1:25.000 von Schleswig-Holstein. Dieses Kartenwerk ist im Laufe von über 50 Jahren Bodenkartierung in Schleswig-Holstein entstanden und in den letzten Jahren zu einer digitalen, blattschnittfreien Karte mit einer einheitlichen Legende entwickelt worden. Die Legende basiert auf der Bodenkundlichen Kartieranleitung (Ad-hoc-AG Boden 2005). Zu der Karte existiert eine umfangreiche Profildatenbank mit nutzungsdifferenzierten idealisierten Leitprofilen, die es dem Nutzer ermöglicht, viele eingeführte bodenkundliche Auswertungsmethoden (vgl. Methodendokumentation Bodenkunde 2000 mit Aktualisierungen 2012) anzuwenden.
The pattern of plant nutrient uptake in a soil profile is the result of complex processes occurring at the cellular or sub-cellular levels but affecting the whole-plant behaviour in function of the plant environment that varies strongly in time and space. The plant nutrient acquisition depends on root architecture and growth, on soil properties and heterogeneity, and on the 3-D distribution of nutrients and water. Equally important is how these parameters interact, as for instance how the nutrient distribution and soil properties and heterogeneity impact root growth or how nutrient and water limitation affect assimilate allocation. Mathematical modelling using a spatial resolution that resolves the spatial structure of the root structure and the nutrient and water distribution is therefore needed to quantitatively account for these complex and interacting processes and to predict plant nutrient uptake behaviour under environmental constraints. The main goal of the project is to build a modelling platform able to describe 3-D flow and transport processes in the soil to individual roots of an entire root system (WP1). Model parameters will be derived from specific experiments performed at the plant scale in the research group (WP3) and stored in a specific data warehouse (WP2). The impact of different parameters, which describe root growth and nutrient uptake at the single root scale, on nutrient uptake at the soil profile scale, will be investigated based on scenario analyses (WP4). Data on water and nutrient uptake and root growth from plant and field scale experiments will be compared with model predictions to validate the model. Simulations with the 3-D root scale model will be used to validate hypotheses and parameterizations of larger scale 1-D models that do not describe processes at the scale of individual roots (WP5 and SP10).
The general objective of the research is to improve our understanding of organic matter stabilisation in soil. In addition to well established mechanisms of soil organic matter stabilisation such as bonding to minerals or inclusion in aggregates, the applicants recently have disclosed significant and varying antibiotic/antioxidative properties, which could confer inherent chemical stability. However, the molecular fundamentals of these properties are currently unknown. Therefore, specific objectives are: -Quantify antibiotic/antioxidant capacity of soil organic matter in a number of soils from experimental work in the UK and Germany.-Molecular characterisation and quantification of potential antibiotic and/or antioxidant molecules in those soils.-Assess the extent to which the molecules in (2) can account for the measured capacities in (1).-Assess the extent to which the molecules in (2) have been derived from lignin, tannin and/or other plant constituents.-Investigate which enzymatic reactions are affected by the effective molecules identified in (2) to (4).
This subproject aims at the development of spectral electrical impedance tomography (EIT) as a non-destructive tool for the imaging, characterization and monitoring of root structure and function in the subsoil at the field scale. The approach takes advantage of the capacitive properties of the soil-root interface associated with induced electrical polarization processes at the root membrane. These give rise to a characteristic electrical signature (impedance spectrum), which is measurable in an imaging framework using EIT. In the first project phase, the methodology is developed by means of controlled rhizotron experiments in the laboratory. The goal is to establish quantitative relationships between characteristics of the measured impedance spectra and parameters describing root system morphology, root growth and activity in dependence on root type, soil type and structure (with/without biopores), as well as ambient conditions. Parallel to this work, sophisticated EIT inversion algorithms, which take the natural characteristics of root system architecture into account when solving the inherent inverse problem, will be developed and tested in numerical experiments. Thus the project will provide an understanding of electrical impedance spectra in terms of root structure and function, as well as specifically adapted EIT inversion algorithms for the imaging and monitoring of root dynamics. The method will be applied at the field scale (central field trial in Klein-Altendorf), where non-destructive tools for the imaging and monitoring of subsoil root dynamics are strongly desired, but at present still lacking.
Die Karte der Wasserspeicherfähigkeit der Böden in Deutschland gibt einen Überblick über die Feldkapazität der Böden bis in 1m Tiefe unter Geländeoberfläche. Als Feldkapazität wird die Wassermenge bezeichnet, die maximal gegen die Schwerkraft im Boden gespeichert werden kann. Nur ein Teil dieser Wassermenge ist pflanzenverfügbar. Die Karte basiert auf der Auswertung der nutzungsdifferenzierten Bodenübersichtskarte 1:1.000.000 (BUEK1000N) und zeigt die klassifizierte Feldkapazität. Die Methode ist in der Bodenkundlichen Kartieranleitung (KA4) und in der Methodendokumentation Bodenkunde der Ad-hoc-AG Boden veröffentlicht. Zur nutzungsabhängigen Differenzierung der Profildaten werden die Landnutzungsdaten CORINE Land Cover 2006 herangezogen.
Many studies have been conducted with the aim to better understand biologic and hydrologic processes that control C and N fluxes in rice paddy systems. But rarely have studies attempted to explicitly link the hydrological and biogeochemical controls of nutrient transport on the field scale. In this research project we aim to improve our understanding of processes that are involved in storing and releasing water and nutrients of different rice-based cropping systems. The Catchment Modeling Framework (CMF) will be coupled to the biogeochemical MOBILE-DNDC model (SP6) in to simulate (1) vertical and lateral transport processes of water, C and N and (2) to predict the reaction of ecosystem services such as water storage and purification, gas regulation, nutrient cycling and food supply in dependence of cropping systems. SP7 follows a rejectionist framework where model complexity is adapted to available data and process understanding. State-of-the-art analytical instruments will be connected to a unique automatic sampling system to continuously measure water isotopic composition as well as dissolved carbon and nitrogen solutes in situ for the first time. Waters to be sampled include surface water, irrigation water, groundwater and water vapor. Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy will be used to measure 2H/H and 18O/16O. Isotopic signatures will allow estimating water mean transit times, partitioning between evaporation and transpiration and separating flow paths. Hyperspectral UV photometers equipped with a flow-through cell will be installed for continuous measurements of nitrate and DOC.
a) Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe wie Zellulose, Lignin und Protein sind Ausgangsstoffe der organischen Bodensubstanz. Die Kenntnis ihrer Umwandlung zu Huminstoffen ist eine wichtige Grundlage zur Erhaltung der Bodenfruchtbarkeit. Die Untersuchungen werden mit Pflanzenrueckstaenden, aber auch mit einzelnen Bestandteilen von Pflanzen oder Mikroorganismen durchgefuehrt. b) Synthese oder Gewinnung von Inhaltsstoffen und Pflanzen oder Mikroorganismen markiert durch die Isotope 14C, 15N oder 35S. Verfolgung des Abbaues und der Umwandlung im Boden oder durch bestimmte Mikroorganismen. Untersuchung der neugebildeten Huminstoffe hinsichtlich ihrer Isotopen-Verteilung und der weiteren Transformation und Mineralisation der markierten Bestandteile. c) Es handelt sich hierbei um langfristige Untersuchungen, die zum Teil in Zusammenarbeit mit in- und auslaendischen Forschungseinrichtungen durchgefuehrt werden.
This project aims at the improvement and testing of a modeling tool which will allow the simulation of impacts of on-going and projected changes in land use/ management on the dynamic exchange of C and N components between diversifying rice cropping systems and the atmosphere and hydrosphere. Model development is based on the modeling framework MOBILE-DNDC. Improvements of the soil biogeochemical submodule will be based on ICON data as well as on results from published studies. To improve simulation of rice growth the model ORYZA will be integrated and tested with own measurements of crop biomass development and transpiration. Model development will be continuously accompanied by uncertainty assessment of parameters. Due to the importance of soil hydrology and lateral transport of water and nutrients for exchange processes we will couple MOBILE-DNDC with the regional hydrological model CMF (SP7). The new framework will be used at field scale to demonstrate proof of concept and to study the importance of lateral transport for expectable small-scale spatial variability of crop production, soil C/N stocks and GHG fluxes. Further application of the coupled model, including scenarios of land use/ land management and climate at a wider regional scale, are scheduled for Phase II of ICON.
When organic material is available, soil microorganisms may either take up simple organic molecules directly and release the surplus nitrogen (N) into the soil in the form of ammonium (NH4+), or they may mineralize organic N first and take it up in the form of NH4+. The route of N uptake has implications for the competition for N between microorganisms and plants and therefore for the N nutrition of crops. The objective of the proposed study is to gain a better understanding of the factors controlling the relative importance of the two N utilization routes by soil microorganisms. In a first step, an assay to determine the extent of the extracellular deamination of amino acids in soil shall be developed and tested. In a second step, the new assay shall be applied in laboratory incubations in combination with other methods, namely gross N mineralization, mineralization of amino acid-N, and natural 15N abundance of the microbial biomass, to determine the factors affecting the relative importance of the two N uptake routes. In a third step, the same methods shall be applied in a field study, which will focus of the temporal effects of fertilization management, including organic and mineral fertilizers, and the interactions with crops.
Tonschieferboeden mit hohem Steingehalt (Qualitaetsweinbergslagen der Mosel) sind sehr wasserdurchlaessig. Der Naehrstoffaustrag waehrend der Vegetationszeit wird quantitativ und qualitativ gemessen. Sickerwasseruntersuchungen auf: pH, Haertegrad, Nitratstickstoff, P4O10, K2O, Mg, Ca, SO4, Cl und die ganze Palette der Schwermetalle. Versuchsvarianten: Kontrolle (mineralische Duengung und Stallmist), Klaerschlamm, Rindenkompost und Begruenung. Analysen nach LUFA-Methoden. Versuch laeuft seit 1977 Fruehjahr. Bisher interessante Ergebnisse. Versuchsziel: Mineralisierungsrate von Naehrstoffen aus der organischen Substanz.
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