API src

Found 1154 results.

Similar terms

s/bodenprobennahme/Bodenprobenahme/gi

Ecology and Population Biology of Armillaria mellea s.l.

The basidiomycete Armillaria mellea s.l. is one of the most important root rot pathogens of forest trees and comprises several species. The aim of the project is to identify the taxa occurring inSwitzerland and to understand their ecological behaviour. Root, butt and stem rots caused by different fungi are important tree diseases responsible for significant economic losses. Armillaria spp. occur world-wide and are important components of many natural and managed forest ecosystems. Armillaria spp. are known saprothrophs as well as primary and secondary pathogens causing root and butt rot on a large number of woody plants, including forest and orchard trees as well as grape vine and ornamentals. The identification of several Armillaria species in Europe warrants research in the biology and ecology of the different species. We propose to study A. cepistipes for the following reasons. First, A. cepistipes is dominating the rhizomorph populations in most forest types in Switzerland. This widespread occurrence contrasts with the current knowledge about A. cepistipes, which is very limited. Second, because the pathogenicity of A. cepistipes is considered low this fungus has the potential for using as an antagonist to control stump colonising pathogenic fungi, such as A. ostoyae and Heterobasidion annosum. This project aims to provide a better understanding of the ecology of A. cepistipes in mountainous Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests. Special emphasis will be given to interactions of A. cepistipes with A. ostoyae, which is a very common facultative pathogen and which often co-occurs with A. cepistipes. The populations of A. cepistipes and A. ostoyae will be investigated in mountainous spruce forests were both species coexist. The fungi will be sampled from the soil, from stumps and dead wood, and from the root system of infected trees to determine the main niches occupied by the two species. Somatic incompatibility will be used to characterise the populations of each species. The knowledge of the spatial distribution of individual genets will allow us to gain insights into the mode of competition and the mode of spreading. Inoculation experiments will be used to determine the variation in virulence expression of A. cepistipes towards Norway spruce and to investigate its interactions with A. ostoyae.

Vegetation surveys on dike grasslands between Straubing and Vilshofen at the river Danube - Sites

We surveyed dike grasslands of the river Danube in south-east Germany between 2017 and 2021 with 41 plots (25 m²) at 12 sites. The dike grasslands had an age of 4-19 years. The dikes were raised and restored and our main aim was the monitoring of the vegetation development. In this dataset are the measured local site characteristics like soil samples, landscape factors (using GIS) and historical factors (e.g. information from practitioners).

Remote sensing event campaign with various optical and thermal sensors for soil moisture and evapotranspiration derivation in Central Germany investigating possible effects of different spatial scales

The heat waves and droughts of 2018 / 2019 and in 2020 have had a devastating impact on the functioning of ecosystems and have led to an increasing vulnerability beyond the duration of heat waves (e.g. degradation and increased erosion, reduced carbon uptake by vegetation, modulated energy balance). Such impacts also include loss of agricultural production. A better understanding of the progression and the consequences of heatwaves and droughts is essential for the development and improvement of adaptation and protection measures. The airborne remote sensing event campaign performed in the agricultural area of the 'Magdeburger Boerde' in Central Germany aimed at providing remote sensing data sets from different platforms to derive high quality data for improving the understanding of influences and lag effects on hydrologic, biological/biogeochemical and atmospheric processes induced by the summer drought 2020. Multiple recurrences of drought periods in previous years may have led to irreversible changes in structure, composition and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems reducing ecosystem services and resilience. A second goal of the campaign with different available sensors in terms of an inter-calibration is to provide comprehensive and reliable data to ensure future campaign inter-comparability. The acquired data set includes airborne remote sensing data covering variable land cover types obtained by optical, thermal and multispectral sensors (see supplementary material: Schulz et al. (2020), Milewski et al. (2021) ). Furthermore, extensive data from various ground-truthing activities are available such as field spectrometer measurements, soil temperature mapping and soil moisture mapping via Cosmic Ray rovering and TDR-measurements. To complete the data set, micrometeorological time series, soil samples and vegetation characteristics were also taken.

Analytical data from stepped thermal analysis of agricultural soils in Saxony

The continuous agricultural soil monitoring program (BDF) by the Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG) is operational since 1995, collecting and analysing samples periodically from 60 monitoring sites across Saxony, Germany. Stepped thermal analysis allows for the fast and cost-effective determination of different carbon fractions of ground soil samples. This dataset reports the analysis of 902 archive samples from the Soil Monitoring Program of the State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG) collected between 1995 and 2023, and 462 samples collected during a sampling campaign in September 2023. We report the thermal soil carbon fractions TOC400, ROC (ROC600), and TIC900 measured in air-dried and ground samples according to DIN19539 / DIN EN 17505 using an Elementar soliTOC cube. This dataset is part of a mid-infrared soil spectral library for agricultural soils in Saxony, Germany.

Soil physical data of agricultural soils in Saxony

The continuous agricultural soil monitoring program (BDF) by the Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG) is operational since 1995, collecting and analysing samples periodically from 60 monitoring sites across Saxony, Germany. This dataset contains additional soil physical data for 441 samples collected during a sampling campaign in September 2023. Samples were collected from four sites across Saxony using different sampling devices (split spoon push core, steel syringe, sampling spade, soil rings) to evaluate their suitability for true-to-volume sampling. Total bulk density, fine soil bulk density and the fine soil stock were calculated using both air-dry and oven-dry weights. Particle size distribution was determined by wet sieving and the integral suspension pressure method (ISP+) using the Meter Pario+ system. This dataset is part of a mid-infrared soil spectral library for agricultural soils in Saxony, Germany.

Impakt Oligo-Miozäner Klimawechsel auf Mongolische Säuger

Oligozäne und Miozäne Sedimentfolgen aus der Taatsiin Gol und Taatsiin Tsagaan Nuur Region in der Zentral-Mongolei sind von außergewöhnlicher Bedeutung: hier liegen Basalte in Sedimenten der Hsanda Gol- und Loh Formation eingebettet, und die höchsten Fossilkonzentrationen finden sich zusammen mit Caliche und Paläoböden. Im Rahmen von Vorläuferprojekten wurde ein Stratigraphie-Konzept erarbeitet, das auf der Evolution von Säugetieren und auf radiometrischen Basalt-Altern beruht. 40Ar / 39Ar-Datierungen ergaben drei Altersgruppen von Basalten, eine Basalt I-Gruppe aus dem Früh-Oligozän (vor etwa 31.5 Millionen Jahren), eine Basalt II-Gruppe aus dem Spät-Oligozän (vor etwa 28 Millionen Jahren) und eine Basalt III-Gruppe aus dem Mittel-Miozän (vor etwa 13 Millionen Jahren). Das Taatsiin Gol-und Taatsiin Tsagaan Nuur Gebiet ist heute Schlüsselregion für die Oligozän-Miozän Stratigraphie der Mongolei und ist Bezugspunkt für internationale Korrelationen. Im neuen Projekt werden Klimaveränderungen im Oligozän und Miozän der Mongolei und ihre Auswirkungen auf Säugetiergemeinschaften und Lebensräume untersucht. Um diese Ziele zu erreichen müssen zahlreiche stratifizierte Caliche Lagen und Paläoböden beprobt und analysiert werden. Wir erwarten uns von Bodenanalysen und von der Interpretation der Signaturen stabiler Isotopen (?18O, ?13C) Hinweise auf Veränderungen von Paläoklima und Lebensräumen im Untersuchungsgebiet. Die stratifizierten und datierten Säugetierfaunen bestehen aus Amphibien, Reptilien und Säugetieren, wobei Hasenartige, Insektenfresser, Nagetiere und Wiederkäuer vorherrschen. Dieser reiche Fossil-Fundus bietet die Möglichkeit zur Analyse von einstigen Wirbeltier-Gemeinschaften, zu entwicklungsgeschichtlichen Studien und palökologischen Interpretationen. Besonderes Interesse gilt der Entwicklung und Funktion von Gebissstrukturen bei kleinen und großen Pflanzen fressenden Säugetieren. Hier kommen Methoden zur Anwendung (Microwear- und Mesowear-Analysen, Zahnschmelzuntersuchungen, Mikro-CT und 3D-Modellierung), die Rückschlüsse auf das Nahrungsspektrum und auf markante Veränderungen von Lebensräumen in dem untersuchten Zeitabschnitt von mehr als 20 Millionen Jahren erlauben. Die Feldarbeit in der Mongolei und die anschließenden wissenschaftlichen Studien werden in nationaler und internationaler Zusammenarbeit durchgeführt. Von diesen Synergien werden die Mongolischen und Österreichischen Forschungseinrichtungen und alle mitwirkenden Personen stark profitieren.

Ahr river overbank sediments: grain sizes, carbonates and soil organic parameters (Mayschoß-Transect, core Ahr2022-1_1, Ahr2022-1_2, Ahr2022-2_1, Ahr2022-2_2)

Four sediment cores from the Mayschoß floodplain (Ahr) were analysed for grain size, carbonates and soil organic parameters. For this purpose, the freeze-dried samples were sieved (2 mm) to remove large organic matter and the samples were separated into fine (< 2mm) and coarse (> 2 mm) fractions. For the grain size analysis, the fine fraction (< 2 mm), sieved samples (10 g) were left overnight in 35% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The samples were then heated to remove organic matter. In addition, the samples were dispersed by a 10 ml solution of 0.4 N sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7) and ultrasonicated (45 min). The sand fraction was separated by dry sieving (classes: coarse sand: 2000 - 630 µm, medium sand: 630 - 125 µm, find sand: 200 - 125 µm and finest sand: 125 - 63 µm). X-ray granulometry (XRG, SediGraph III 5120, Micromeritics) was used to measure the fine fraction (coarse silt: 63 - 20 µm, medium silt: 20 - 6.3 µm, fine silt: 6.3 - 2.0, coarse clay: 2.0 - 0.6 µm, medium clay: 0.6 - 0.2 and fine clay < 0.2 µm). The coarse fraction was divided into two classes (2-10 mm, > 10 mm) by dry sieving. The roundness of gravels (> 10 mm) was also determined (> 10 mm rounded, > 10 mm sub-rounded, > 10 mm angular). The carbonate content of the fine fraction was determined using the Scheibler method. A pre-test is therefore carried out to determine the sample quantity. The more carbonate is contained, the smaller the required sample quantity. During the measurement, a defined amount of 10 % hydrochloric acid (HCL) is then added to the sample and the outgassing of the resulting CO2 is measured. The amount of HCL can be used to calculate the amount of dissolved calcium carbonate (CaCO3). For further geochemical analysis, the samples were pulverised and homogenised using the Retsch vibrating mill MM 200. The content of total carbon, nitrogen and sulphur of the fine fraction was analysed using the vario EL cube (Elementar). For this purpose, the ground fine soil sample was mixed with tungsten oxide (WO3) in a ratio of 1:3 and wrapped in tin foil for analysis. Due to the higher accuracy, the sulphur values of the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) were included in the data set. The samples (8 g) were pressed into uniform pills with a carbon-based binder using a Vaneox press at 20 t for 2 min. Elemental analysis was performed in a He atmosphere using a Spectro Xepos energy dispersive XRF spectrometer. The complete XRF dataset including errors, reproducibility and security of the measurement is also available on Pangaea. Finally, the inorganic and organic carbon as well as the C/N and C/S ratios were calculated. The surface elevation was extracted from Brell et al. (2023).

Soil moisture distribution at the Hordorf (Central Germany) groundtruthing site determined by mobile Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing

Cosmic Ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is an emerging technology which is used to close the scaling gap between point measurements, such as TDR or soil samples, and the airborne remote sensing data. CRNS estimates the area-average soil water content by the detection of soil-reflected cosmic-ray neutrons in air. This method is characterized by an non-linearly shaped horizontal footprint of hundreds of meters and a vertical footprint of tens of centimetres (Köhli et al. 2015). During the campaign, a portable sensor (the so-called CRNS Rover) was used to study the spatial soil moisture variability in the target area in Hordorf. The rover was equipped with a CRNS-RV unit from Hydroinnova LLC (HI-RC01 detector) and a polyethylene shield below the detector to better reduce local effects of the field track. Neutron count data were processed including several physical, soil, and terrain corrections (see Schrön 2020, cfg file and the software <https://git.ufz.de/CRNS/cornish_pasdy>) to obtain the spatial soil moisture distribution at the Hordorf ground truthing site.

Soil chemistry and soil bulk density data from restored grasslands and reference sites in Germany

This dataset provides information on soil chemistry and soil bulk density as part of the Grassworks project, which investigates the restoration of species-rich grasslands in Germany. Grasslands are globally threatened ecosystems, and the project aims to identify factors that contribute to successful restoration, focusing on ecological complexity and stakeholder engagement. Data was collected from 187 grassland sites across three regions in Northern, Central, and Southern Germany, each with distinct socio-economic and ecological characteristics. Sampling occurred between 2022 and 2023 and included 40–41 restored grassland sites and 20–25 reference sites (10–12 positive, 10–13 negative) per region. At each site in March or early April at each vegetation plot per subtransect, we took soil samples (pooled from six soil cores, 20 mm diameter) that were further pooled into one sample per site (24 in total) and analyzed for total soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen content, pH, and soil texture. Additionally, soil bulk density was measured at vegetation plots per site, to enable future assessment of carbon sequestration over time. Soil and bulk density samples were taken at two depths: 0–10 and 10–30 cm.

Biologische Sanierung von belasteten Boeden

Belasteter Boden wird in der Regel verbrannt oder deponiert. Durch spezielle Bakterien und Hefen koennen die Belastungen zum Teil sehr erheblich abgebaut werden. Im Vordergrund dieses Projektes steht die Analyse der Boeden. Eine Pilotanlage ist in Planung. Der erste Abschnitt der Forschungsarbeit umfasst die Analyse von Boeden auf Mineraloelkohlenwasserstoffen in ihrer Konzentration und Zusammensetzung. Die Sanierung der Bodenproben stellte sich je nach Art der Kohlenwasserstoffe unterschiedlich dar. Der zweite Schritt der Forschungsarbeit umfasst die Analyse von Boeden auf Ruestungs- und Sprengstoffrueckstaende. Erste Erkenntnisse der Sanierungserfolge sind fruehestens Ende 1996 zu erwarten.

1 2 3 4 5 … 114 115 116