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Gas exchange data from Douglas fir juveniles during experimental drought and recovery

This dataset contains physiological measurements from a controlled laboratory experiment on juvenile Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir) conducted between June and August 2023 at the experimental greenhouse facility of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Alpin, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, southern Germany. The plant material originated from a commercial nursery in Franconia, Germany, and consisted of three-year-old trees maintained under uniform conditions prior to the experiment. The experiment aimed to assess the physiological responses of P. menziesii to progressive drought and subsequent recovery under controlled environmental conditions. Two drought treatments (mild and severe) were applied over a four-week period, followed by a re-watering phase. Air and soil temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, molar flow, transpiration rate, net photosynthesis, conductance to water, and CO₂ exchange were recorded continuously using automated LI-COR gas exchange systems with separate branch (aboveground) and root (belowground) chambers. Each measurement is associated with a unique tree identifier, treatment level, and compartment. All timestamps are reported in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The dataset provides detailed observations suitable for examining drought stress responses and recovery dynamics in juvenile Pseudotsuga menziesii under controlled laboratory conditions.

Steigerung der Resilienz des Hopfenbaus gegenüber den Folgen des Klimawandels: Untersuchung der Chancen und Risiken von Agri-PV im konventionellen Hopfenbau, Teilprojekt A

Feuer in der semiariden Pampa: Auswirkungen von Feuer auf Bodeneigenschaften, die Winderosion und Staubemissionen in Zusammenhang mit verschiedenen Landnutzungsformen beeinflussen

Die semiaride argentinische Pampa umfasst verschiedene Vegetationstypen, die sich auf humusreichen Böden äolischen Ursprungs etabliert haben und periodisch von natürlich auftretenden Bränden betroffen sind. Diese Übergangszone zwischen regengespeister Landwirtschaft und trockeneren, meist als Weide genutzten Flächen, weist kleinräumig heterogene Bodeneigenschaften auf. Während die Lössböden mit teilweise hohem Feinsandgehalt als stabil gelten, solange sie durch die dichte natürliche Graslandvegetation oder physikalische und biologische Krusten geschützt sind, führt zunehmender Landnutzungsdruck einschließlich Landwirtschaft und Beweidung zur Zerstörung der Vegetationsdecke. Gerade die gemeinsamen Auswirkungen von Landnutzungsdruck, klimawandelbedingter erhöhter Niederschlagsvariabilität und häufigerem Feuer können die Empfindlichkeit des gesamten Ökosystems erhöhen, sind aber bisher nicht umfassend erforscht und bewertet worden. Als einen Schlüsselfaktor untersuchen wir die Auswirkungen von Bränden auf die Erodierbarkeit des Bodens, einschließlich der damit in Verbindung stehenden Emissionen von Staub und Feinstaub auf lokaler bis regionaler Skala. Wir konzentrieren uns auf verschiedene Bodenoberflächen mit den Vegetationstypen Grasland, Buschland und lichter Wald mit entsprechenden Schlüsselparametern in Bezug auf prozentuale Oberflächenbedeckung, dem Anteil und der Stabilität von Krusten, der Rauheit und dem Substrat. Außerdem erforschen wir Variabilitäten in Bezug auf die räumlich-zeitliche Ausdehnung und die Temperatur der Brände auf Boden und Oberfläche sowie deren Auswirkungen auf Winderosion und Staubemissionen. Auf der Grundlage von Messungen vor und nach einem Brand, einschließlich erodiertem Material, Bodenproben und mobilen Windkanalmessungen erheben wir dringend benötigte Daten bezüglich des Zusammenspiels der genannten Faktoren. Die Proben werden quantitativ und qualitativ analysiert, um Informationen über die Umverteilung von mineralischem und organischem Material zu gewinnen. Um die lokal erhobenen Daten auf eine regionale Skala zu skalieren, werden GIS-Anwendungen und eine angepasste Modellierung eingesetzt. Ziel des Projektes ist ein vertieftes Prozessverständnis des intensiv anthropogen beeinflussten Landschaft-Boden-Feuer-Nexus Pampa einschließlich der Quantifizierung von mobilisierten Sedimenten und Nährstoffen.

Soil temperature, volumetric water content, electrical conductivity, air temperature and atmospheric pressure measured every 10 minutes in a grass- and a herb-dominated area at a summer dike, Butjadingen, Germany (Nov 2022–Nov 2023)

To understand the role of plant species and functional diversity on the physical soil parameters of a sea dike, especially under prolonged drought conditions, continuous measurements of soil temperature, volumetric water content (soil moisture), soil electrical conductivity (EC), air temperature and atmospheric pressure were carried out from 22 November, 2022, to 22 November, 2023. The measurements were taken using six soil sensors from METER Group's TEROS 12 series, which were installed at three distinct soil depths (4 cm, 14 cm, 24 cm) and on two differently vegetated dike areas: one area with a grass-dominated plant community (referred to as 'Mix-Grass') and one area with a herb-dominated plant community (referred to as 'Mix-Herb'). The sensors were mounted on the southern (inland) side of a summer dike, which is located at the south-eastern North Sea coast of Germany (Butjadingen, Wesermarsch; 'Mix-Grass': 53.61211876 ° N, 8.330925695° E, 'Mix-Herb': 53. 61210826° N, 8.330989015° E), about 1 m below the dike crest. The dike height is approximately 3.6 m above mean high water (MHW). The measurement data was logged at 10-minute intervals using a ZL6 logger from the METER Group.

Beobachtungen an Straßenwetterstationen (Glättemeldeanlagen)

Beobachtungen an deutschlandweit verteilten Straßenwetterstationen. Meteorologische Parameter wie Temperatur, Niederschlag usw. werden alle 15 Minuten gemessen.

openSenseMap: Sensor Box HE Heinrich-Roller-Grundschule senseBox3

Das ist eine senseBox der Humboldt Explorers. Weitere Informationen unter: www.humboldt-explorers.de

In-situ soil moisture and -temperature time series, point measurements and cosmic-ray neutron rover surveys during SwabianMOSES campaign 2023

As part of the hydro-meteorological measurement campaign SwabianMOSES 2023 time-domain transmission (TDT) soil moisture sensors and temperature sensors with custom-made logger systems were used to measure time series of these soil state variables. In addition, a stationary cosmic-ray neutron sensor was deployed at the KITcube site near Villingen-Schwenningen to provide continuous soil moisture data for an area of between 10 and 20 hectares. For mapping the spatial distribution of soil moisture, several mobile CRNS campaigns have been conducted with a car across the Lindach catchment and beyond before and after prospective rain events. During these mobile CRNS measurements, in-situ soil moisture measurements were conducted, using a handheld time-domain reflectometry soil moisture sensor. The aim of these investigations was to provide data on physical soil properties used in a cross-disciplinary approach for a better understanding of hydro-meteorological extremes (such as high precipitation events and droughts). Regarding the TDT-sensors, each measurement site consisted of sensors at three depths with two sensors each. Logger systems were installed at six different observation sites which were distributed across the whole campaign target area in the vicinity of the Swabian Jura in Germany. Decisions on the specific installation depths were made during the installation at the respective sites based on the constitution of the local soil profiles. Installation protocols with a brief soil profile description and photos are part of this dataset. The dataset contains the values of location and time (UTC), soil temperature (in °C), relative permittivity and soil moisture (in % vol) derived from permittivity. Determination of soil moisture was done using the formula of Topp et al. (1980). As sensors, the SMT100 soil moisture sensor with integrated temperature measurement were used. All sensors were installed within the upper 50cm below ground. The exact depths for each sensor are listed in the comments.

ICON-EPS GRIB data

ICON-EPS 0.5º x 0.5º regular lat/lon grid, up to +180h every 6h, runs 00/12 UTC varios parameter, varios level, varios threshold

Brackish water rewetting of a temperate coastal peatland in NE Germany: Effects on Biogeochemistry, Microorganisms and Greenhouse gas emissions

The rewetting of drained peatlands is a promising measure to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by preventing the further mineralization of the peat soil through aeration. While freshwater rewetted peatlands can be significant methane (CH4) sources in the short-term, in coastal ecosystems the input of sulfate-rich seawater could potentially mitigate these emissions. The purpose of the data collection was to examine whether the presence of sulfate, known as an alternative electron acceptor, can cause lower CH4 production and thus, emissions by favoring the growth of sulfate-reducers, which outcompete methanogens for substrate. We therefore investigated underlying variables such as the methane-cycling microbial community along with CH4 fluxes and set them in context with CO2 fluxes along a transect in a coastal peatland before and directly after rewetting. In this way, a conclusion about the short-term greenhouse gas mitigation potential of brackish water rewetting of coastal peatlands could be drawn. This data collection consists of six data sets, with direct comparisons before and after rewetting of CO2 and CH4 fluxes (Tab. 2) and associated microbial communities (Tab. 1) being the main data. Pore water geochemistry (Tab. 1 and 3) and surface water parameters (Tab. 4) were collected simultaneously to provide potential explanatory variables. The sampling of continuous water level (Tab. 5) within wells and atmospheric weather data (air and soil temperature, relative humidity, photosynthetic photon flux density; Tab. 6) from a weather station was done in addition. Measurements started in June/July/August 2019 after field installation was finalized and were conducted on the drained coastal fen "Polder Drammendorf" on the island of Rügen in North-East Germany. On 26th November 2019, the dike was opened and channeled in order to rewet the peatland with brackish water. Before, the dike separated the peatland from the adjacent bay "Kubitzer Bodden", which is part of a brackish lagoon system connected to the Baltic Sea. Therefore, the peatland was nearly completely flooded and now resembles a shallow lagoon with high fluctuating water levels. We measured along a humidity (pre-rewetting)/water level (post-rewetting) gradient (stations 0-8) towards and across the main North-South oriented drainage ditch, including four stations on the Eastern side of the ditch (1–4), two ditch stations (0, 5) and two stations (6, 7) on the Western side of the ditch. Station 8 was chosen as an additional station farther towards the adjacent bay on the Western side, but was only accessible before rewetting. CH4 and CO2 fluxes (stations 0-7) were calculated from online gas concentrations measurements using laser-based analyzers and manual closed chambers (Livingston, G. P., & Hutchinson, G. (1995). Enclosure-based measurement of trace gas exchange: Applications and sources of error. In P.A. Matson, & R.C. Harriss (Eds.). Biogenic trace gases: Measuring emissions from soil and water (pp. 14–51). Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, UK). Soil cores for microbial, dissolved gas concentrations and isotopic analysis were taken using a Russian type peat corer (De Vleeschouwer, F., Chambers, F. M., & Swindles, G. T. (2010). Coring and sub-sampling of peatlands for palaeoenvironmental research. Mires and Peat, 7, 1–10) before and after rewetting. Each time, we took duplicates at stations 1-8 for this rather labor-intensive process and divided the core into four depth sections: surface, 5–20, 20–40 and 40–50 cm. Subsamples for dissolved gases and stable carbon isotope analyses were taken with tip-cut syringes with a distinct volume of 3 ml (Omnifix, Braun, Bad Arolsen, Germany) and immediately placed into NaCl-saturated vials (20 ml, Agilent Technologies, 5182-0837, Santa Clara, USA) leaving no headspace and closed gas-tight using rubber stoppers and metal crimpers (both: diameter 20 mm, Glasgerätebau Ochs, Bovenden, Germany). Absolute abundances of specific functional target genes, including methane- and sulfate-cycling microorganisms, were measured with quantitative PCR (qPCR) after DNA was extracted (GeneMATRIX Soil DNA Purification Kit, Roboklon, Berlin, Germany) and quantified (Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer, ThermoFisher Scientific, Darmstadt, Germany). Surface and pore water parameters were measured in parallel to the gas measurements and soil coring for microbial analyses. Most surface water variables (pH, specific conductivity, salinity, nutrients, oxygen, sulfate and chloride concentrations, DOC/DIC) were measured in-situ using a multiparameter digital water quality meter or taken to the laboratory as water samples for further analysis. Likewise, pore water/soil variables (pH, specific conductivity, nutrients, metals, sulfate and chloride concentrations, CNS) were either measured in-situ or taken to the laboratory as soil samples. While surface water analysis was only conducted in the drainage ditch before rewetting, it was done along the entire transect after rewetting. In contrast, pore water/soil analysis was mostly conducted before rewetting and only repeated occasionally after rewetting where possible.

Wirkung mikrobiologischer Prozesse am Boden und im Wasser auf verschiedene atmosphaerische Spurengase

Zielsetzung: Untersuchungen ueber den Einfluss mikrobiologischer Prozesse im Boden und Oberflaechenwasser der Ozeane auf CO, H2, CFCl3, CF2Cl2, CCl4, Hg, H2CO, N2O und CH4. Bestimmung der Abbauraten und Produktionsraten als Funktion der Bodenart und Bodentemperatur. Messung der im Wasser geloesten Gasanteile im Ozean und Bestimmung ihrer vertikalen Verteilung bis in Wassertiefen von 1000 m. Methoden: in situ-Messungen am Boden sowie an verschiedenen Stellen der Ozeane; Laboruntersuchungen mit verschiedenen Mikroorganismen.

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