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Soil temperature, volumetric water content, and electrical conductivity measured every 10 minutes in a grass- and a herb-dominated area at a summer dike, Butjadingen, Germany (Nov 2022–Nov 2023)

To understand the role of plant species and functional diversity on the physical soil parameters of a sea dike, especially under prolonged drought conditions, continuous measurements of soil temperature, volumetric water content (soil moisture) and soil electrical conductivity (EC) were carried out from 22 November, 2022, to 22 November, 2023. The measurements were taken using six soil sensors from METER Group's TEROS 12 series, which were installed at three distinct soil depths (4 cm, 14 cm, 24 cm) and on two differently vegetated dike areas: one area with a grass-dominated plant community (referred to as 'Mix-Grass') and one area with a herb-dominated plant community (referred to as 'Mix-Herb'). The sensors were mounted on the southern (inland) side of a summer dike, which is located at the south-eastern North Sea coast of Germany (Butjadingen, Wesermarsch; 'Mix-Grass': 53.61211876 ° N, 8.330925695° E, 'Mix-Herb': 53. 61210826° N, 8.330989015° E), about 1 m below the dike crest. The dike height is approximately 3.6 m above mean high water (MHW). The measurement data was logged at 10-minute intervals using a ZL6 logger from the METER Group.

openSenseMap: Sensor Box HE Sonnenuhr-Schule Berlin senseBox3

Das ist eine senseBox der Humboldt Explorers. Weitere Informationen unter: www.humboldt-explorers.de

openSenseMap: Sensor Box HE Sonnenuhr-Schule Berlin senseBox6

Das ist eine senseBox der Humboldt Explorers. Weitere Informationen unter: www.humboldt-explorers.de

Gas exchange data from Douglas fir juveniles during experimental drought and recovery

This dataset contains physiological measurements from a controlled laboratory experiment on juvenile Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir) conducted between June and August 2023 at the experimental greenhouse facility of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Alpin, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, southern Germany. The plant material originated from a commercial nursery in Franconia, Germany, and consisted of three-year-old trees maintained under uniform conditions prior to the experiment. The experiment aimed to assess the physiological responses of P. menziesii to progressive drought and subsequent recovery under controlled environmental conditions. Two drought treatments (mild and severe) were applied over a four-week period, followed by a re-watering phase. Air and soil temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, molar flow, transpiration rate, net photosynthesis, conductance to water, and CO₂ exchange were recorded continuously using automated LI-COR gas exchange systems with separate branch (aboveground) and root (belowground) chambers. Each measurement is associated with a unique tree identifier, treatment level, and compartment. All timestamps are reported in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The dataset provides detailed observations suitable for examining drought stress responses and recovery dynamics in juvenile Pseudotsuga menziesii under controlled laboratory conditions.

Brackish water rewetting of a temperate coastal peatland in NE Germany: Effects on Biogeochemistry, Microorganisms and Greenhouse gas emissions

The rewetting of drained peatlands is a promising measure to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by preventing the further mineralization of the peat soil through aeration. While freshwater rewetted peatlands can be significant methane (CH4) sources in the short-term, in coastal ecosystems the input of sulfate-rich seawater could potentially mitigate these emissions. The purpose of the data collection was to examine whether the presence of sulfate, known as an alternative electron acceptor, can cause lower CH4 production and thus, emissions by favoring the growth of sulfate-reducers, which outcompete methanogens for substrate. We therefore investigated underlying variables such as the methane-cycling microbial community along with CH4 fluxes and set them in context with CO2 fluxes along a transect in a coastal peatland before and directly after rewetting. In this way, a conclusion about the short-term greenhouse gas mitigation potential of brackish water rewetting of coastal peatlands could be drawn. This data collection consists of six data sets, with direct comparisons before and after rewetting of CO2 and CH4 fluxes (Tab. 2) and associated microbial communities (Tab. 1) being the main data. Pore water geochemistry (Tab. 1 and 3) and surface water parameters (Tab. 4) were collected simultaneously to provide potential explanatory variables. The sampling of continuous water level (Tab. 5) within wells and atmospheric weather data (air and soil temperature, relative humidity, photosynthetic photon flux density; Tab. 6) from a weather station was done in addition. Measurements started in June/July/August 2019 after field installation was finalized and were conducted on the drained coastal fen "Polder Drammendorf" on the island of Rügen in North-East Germany. On 26th November 2019, the dike was opened and channeled in order to rewet the peatland with brackish water. Before, the dike separated the peatland from the adjacent bay "Kubitzer Bodden", which is part of a brackish lagoon system connected to the Baltic Sea. Therefore, the peatland was nearly completely flooded and now resembles a shallow lagoon with high fluctuating water levels. We measured along a humidity (pre-rewetting)/water level (post-rewetting) gradient (stations 0-8) towards and across the main North-South oriented drainage ditch, including four stations on the Eastern side of the ditch (1–4), two ditch stations (0, 5) and two stations (6, 7) on the Western side of the ditch. Station 8 was chosen as an additional station farther towards the adjacent bay on the Western side, but was only accessible before rewetting. CH4 and CO2 fluxes (stations 0-7) were calculated from online gas concentrations measurements using laser-based analyzers and manual closed chambers (Livingston, G. P., & Hutchinson, G. (1995). Enclosure-based measurement of trace gas exchange: Applications and sources of error. In P.A. Matson, & R.C. Harriss (Eds.). Biogenic trace gases: Measuring emissions from soil and water (pp. 14–51). Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, UK). Soil cores for microbial, dissolved gas concentrations and isotopic analysis were taken using a Russian type peat corer (De Vleeschouwer, F., Chambers, F. M., & Swindles, G. T. (2010). Coring and sub-sampling of peatlands for palaeoenvironmental research. Mires and Peat, 7, 1–10) before and after rewetting. Each time, we took duplicates at stations 1-8 for this rather labor-intensive process and divided the core into four depth sections: surface, 5–20, 20–40 and 40–50 cm. Subsamples for dissolved gases and stable carbon isotope analyses were taken with tip-cut syringes with a distinct volume of 3 ml (Omnifix, Braun, Bad Arolsen, Germany) and immediately placed into NaCl-saturated vials (20 ml, Agilent Technologies, 5182-0837, Santa Clara, USA) leaving no headspace and closed gas-tight using rubber stoppers and metal crimpers (both: diameter 20 mm, Glasgerätebau Ochs, Bovenden, Germany). Absolute abundances of specific functional target genes, including methane- and sulfate-cycling microorganisms, were measured with quantitative PCR (qPCR) after DNA was extracted (GeneMATRIX Soil DNA Purification Kit, Roboklon, Berlin, Germany) and quantified (Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer, ThermoFisher Scientific, Darmstadt, Germany). Surface and pore water parameters were measured in parallel to the gas measurements and soil coring for microbial analyses. Most surface water variables (pH, specific conductivity, salinity, nutrients, oxygen, sulfate and chloride concentrations, DOC/DIC) were measured in-situ using a multiparameter digital water quality meter or taken to the laboratory as water samples for further analysis. Likewise, pore water/soil variables (pH, specific conductivity, nutrients, metals, sulfate and chloride concentrations, CNS) were either measured in-situ or taken to the laboratory as soil samples. While surface water analysis was only conducted in the drainage ditch before rewetting, it was done along the entire transect after rewetting. In contrast, pore water/soil analysis was mostly conducted before rewetting and only repeated occasionally after rewetting where possible.

Entwicklung einer biologisch abbaubaren Mulchabdeckung für den Pflanzenschutz, Teilvorhaben 1: Freilandversuche

Ziel des Projektes ist die Entwicklung eines Compoundproduktes aus einem Vlies und einer biologisch abbaubaren Beschichtung. Dieses biologisch abbaubare Compoundprodukt, VliesFilm genannt, soll konventionellen Mulchfolien aus Polyethylen im Pflanzenbau ersetzen können, bei gleichen positiven Wachstumseinflüssen auf die Pflanzen. Hauptkomponenten und Entwicklungsschritte des zu optimierenden integrierten Systems (Integrated Plant Management - IPM) sollen folgende sein: a: Entwicklung eines neuartigen biologisch abbaubaren Compoundproduktes aus einem Viskosevlies und einer Beschichtung zum Mulchen (VliesFilm). Beide Bestandteile des VliesFilms sind biobasiert und bestehen zu 100% (Vlies), bzw. 50% (Beschichtung) aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen und sind biologisch abbaubar. Alle Inhaltstoffe der Beschichtung haben eine Lebensmittelzulassung (E-Nummer), stehen aber nicht in Konkurrenz zur Lebensmittelproduktion wie z.B. stärkebasierte Materialien. Der primäre Fokus liegt auf der Entwicklung und Optimierung des VliesFilms aus NaWaRos hinsichtlich der phytosanitären Eigenschaften im Vergleich zu konventionellem Mulchmaterial (PE, 20-25my). Als wichtigste pflanzenbaulichen Faktoren sind hier Wasserverfügbarkeit, Bodentemperatur, und die Unterdrückung von Unkräutern zu nennen. b: Der VliesFilm soll einen Mehrwert gegenüber konventionellen PE-Folien erhalten. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Beschichtungen eingefärbt, um repellente Effekte auf anfliegende Insekten (Modell Blattläuse) zu erreichen. Da diese Maßnahme einen Anflug zwar verringert, aber meist nicht komplett verhindern kann, wird ein regelmäßiges Monitoring vorgenommen, um etwaige interventiven Maßnahmen zu ergreifen. Hieraus folgt dann ein System zum integrierten Pflanzenschutz, um den Einsatz von chemischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln zu minimieren.

Entwicklung einer biologisch abbaubaren Mulchabdeckung für den Pflanzenschutz

Ziel des Projektes ist die Entwicklung eines Compoundproduktes aus einem Vlies und einer biologisch abbaubaren Beschichtung. Dieses biologisch abbaubare Compoundprodukt, VliesFilm genannt, soll konventionellen Mulchfolien aus Polyethylen im Pflanzenbau ersetzen können, bei gleichen positiven Wachstumseinflüssen auf die Pflanzen. Hauptkomponenten und Entwicklungsschritte des zu optimierenden integrierten Systems (Integrated Plant Management - IPM) sollen folgende sein: a: Entwicklung eines neuartigen biologisch abbaubaren Compoundproduktes aus einem Viskosevlies und einer Beschichtung zum Mulchen (VliesFilm). Beide Bestandteile des VliesFilms sind biobasiert und bestehen zu 100% (Vlies), bzw. 50% (Beschichtung) aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen und sind biologisch abbaubar. Alle Inhaltstoffe der Beschichtung haben eine Lebensmittelzulassung (E-Nummer), stehen aber nicht in Konkurrenz zur Lebensmittelproduktion wie z.B. stärkebasierte Materialien. Der primäre Fokus liegt auf der Entwicklung und Optimierung des VliesFilms aus NaWaRos hinsichtlich der phytosanitären Eigenschaften im Vergleich zu konventionellem Mulchmaterial (PE, 20-25my). Als wichtigste pflanzenbaulichen Faktoren sind hier Wasserverfügbarkeit, Bodentemperatur, und die Unterdrückung von Unkräutern zu nennen. b: Der VliesFilm soll einen Mehrwert gegenüber konventionellen PE-Folien erhalten. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Beschichtungen eingefärbt, um repellente Effekte auf anfliegende Insekten (Modell Blattläuse) zu erreichen. Da diese Maßnahme einen Anflug zwar verringert, aber meist nicht komplett verhindern kann, wird ein regelmäßiges Monitoring vorgenommen, um etwaige interventiven Maßnahmen zu ergreifen. Hieraus folgt dann ein System zum integrierten Pflanzenschutz, um den Einsatz von chemischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln zu minimieren.

Verhalten von Chorkohlenwasserstoffen im Boden unter Witterungseinfluessen

Temperaturveraenderungen in Bodennaehe bei ploetzlichen Temperaturstuerzen oder Warmlufteinbruechen wirken sich verzoegert auf die Bodentemperatur aus. Es kommt zu Kondensations- bzw. Verdampfungsvorgaengen und damit Reduzierung oder Steigerung der LCKW-Konzentration in der Bodenluft. Entsprechende Zusammenhaenge unter Einbeziehung der Bodenfeuchte werden theoretisch und praktisch untersucht.

Soil- moisture and temperature from the PhytOakmeter plot DKr (Kreinitz, Germany) from 2017

As part of PhytOakmeter (www.phytoakmeter.de), time-domain transmission, soil moisture and -temperature sensors with custom-made logger systems were used to measure time series of soil state variables. The aim of these investigations was to provide data on environmental properties used in a cross-disciplinary approach. The measurement device consisted of two sensors at three different depths. The dataset contains the values of time (UTC), relative permittivity, soil moisture (in % vol) derived from permittivity and soil temperature (in °C). Determination of soil moisture was done using the formula of Topp et al. (1980). As sensors, the SMT100 soil moisture sensors with integrated temperature measurement were used. All sensors were installed within the upper 50cm below ground. The exact depths for each sensor are listed in the dataset and parameter comment.

openSenseMap: Sensor Box HE Sonnenuhr-Schule Berlin senseBox4

Das ist eine senseBox der Humboldt Explorers. Weitere Informationen unter: www.humboldt-explorers.de

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