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Soil- moisture and temperature from the PhytOakmeter plot DKr (Kreinitz, Germany) from 2017

As part of PhytOakmeter (www.phytoakmeter.de), time-domain transmission, soil moisture and -temperature sensors with custom-made logger systems were used to measure time series of soil state variables. The aim of these investigations was to provide data on environmental properties used in a cross-disciplinary approach. The measurement device consisted of two sensors at three different depths. The dataset contains the values of time (UTC), relative permittivity, soil moisture (in % vol) derived from permittivity and soil temperature (in °C). Determination of soil moisture was done using the formula of Topp et al. (1980). As sensors, the SMT100 soil moisture sensors with integrated temperature measurement were used. All sensors were installed within the upper 50cm below ground. The exact depths for each sensor are listed in the dataset and parameter comment.

Über Kohlenstoff-Entnahme aus der Atmosphäre bis hin zum Erreichen des Ziels des Pariser Klimakommens: Temperature Stabilisation

Die anthropogenen Kohlendioxidemissionen (CO2) sind für den größten Teil der jüngsten globalen Oberflächenerwärmung der Erde um etwa 1°C gegenüber dem vorindustriellen Niveau verantwortlich. Das Land und die Ozeane nehmen derzeit etwa die Hälfte unserer Emissionen durch komplexe Prozesse des Kohlenstoffkreislaufs auf. Der Klimaantrieb durch anthropogene CO2-Emissionen hört erst auf, wenn ein Gleichgewicht zwischen CO2-Quellen und -Senken erreicht ist. Da es nicht realisierbar ist, alle CO2-Emissionen bis Mitte des 21. Jahrhunderts zu eliminieren, bestehen alle plausiblen zukünftigen Emissionsszenarien, die auf eine mit dem Pariser Abkommen übereinstimmende Temperaturstabilisierung anstreben, aus einem Portfolio menschlicher Aktivitäten, die Emissionssenkungen mit Maßnahmen zur so genannten Kohlendioxidentnahme (CDR) kombinieren, die die verbleibenden positiven Emissionen kompensieren sollen.Allerdings werden CDR-Maßnahmen wie die meisten anderen menschlichen Aktivitäten durch Emissionen von andere Treibhausgase als CO2 (z.B. Methan oder Distickstoffoxid), Aerosolen oder durch Landnutzungsänderungen zusätzliche Klimaveränderungen verursachen. Gegenwärtig machen diese weiteren Treibhausgase mehr als 40% der globalen Oberflächenerwärmung aus, während Aerosole einen Teil der Erwärmung ausgleichen. Darüber hinaus beeinflussen diese zusätzlichen Klimaeinflüsse den Kohlenstoffkreislauf, der wiederum Einfluss auf die atmosphärische CO2-Konzentration und damit auf die Oberflächentemperatur nimmt (Abb. 1). Diese Wechselwirkung beeinflusst die Menge der CO2-Entnahme, die durch CDR-Maßnahmen erforderlich ist, um eine Temperaturstabilisierung zu erreichen.Es ist daher wichtig, die vollständige Reaktion des Klimas auf spezifische menschliche Aktivitäten, einschließlich CDR-Maßnahmen, zu erfassen, um gut informiert Maßnahmen zur Temperaturstabilisierung ein zu leiten. Insbesondere die Untersuchung der Reaktion des Erdsystems auf realistische Portfolios künftiger anthropogener Aktivitäten erfordert die Einbeziehung aller damit verbundenen Klimafaktoren - CO2, andere Treibhausgase als CO2, Aerosole und Landnutzungsänderungen - um bestmögliche Einschätzungen der möglichen Wege zur Temperaturstabilisierung zu erhalten.

Steigerung der Resilienz des Hopfenbaus gegenüber den Folgen des Klimawandels: Untersuchung der Chancen und Risiken von Agri-PV im konventionellen Hopfenbau, Teilprojekt B

Soil temperature, volumetric water content, electrical conductivity, air temperature and atmospheric pressure measured every 10 minutes in a grass- and a herb-dominated area at a summer dike, Butjadingen, Germany (Nov 2022–Nov 2023)

To understand the role of plant species and functional diversity on the physical soil parameters of a sea dike, especially under prolonged drought conditions, continuous measurements of soil temperature, volumetric water content (soil moisture), soil electrical conductivity (EC), air temperature and atmospheric pressure were carried out from 22 November, 2022, to 22 November, 2023. The measurements were taken using six soil sensors from METER Group's TEROS 12 series, which were installed at three distinct soil depths (4 cm, 14 cm, 24 cm) and on two differently vegetated dike areas: one area with a grass-dominated plant community (referred to as 'Mix-Grass') and one area with a herb-dominated plant community (referred to as 'Mix-Herb'). The sensors were mounted on the southern (inland) side of a summer dike, which is located at the south-eastern North Sea coast of Germany (Butjadingen, Wesermarsch; 'Mix-Grass': 53.61211876 ° N, 8.330925695° E, 'Mix-Herb': 53. 61210826° N, 8.330989015° E), about 1 m below the dike crest. The dike height is approximately 3.6 m above mean high water (MHW). The measurement data was logged at 10-minute intervals using a ZL6 logger from the METER Group.

Improved Estimates of Monthly Land Surface Temperature from MODIS using a Diurnal Temperature Cycle (DTC) Model

The data associated with the experiment to construct monthly Land Surface Temperature(LST) using a diurnal temperature cycle (Duan et al 2013, 2014, Göttsche and Olesen 2001) from MODIS observations at the 32 sites of flux towers over relatively homogenous sites globally. The methodology is summarized in the manuscript under review. The data include three files of monthly LST estimates in Celsius Degree over the land and coordinates are included in each file.

Beobachtungen an Straßenwetterstationen (Glättemeldeanlagen)

Beobachtungen an deutschlandweit verteilten Straßenwetterstationen. Meteorologische Parameter wie Temperatur, Niederschlag usw. werden alle 15 Minuten gemessen.

Gas exchange data from Douglas fir juveniles during experimental drought and recovery

This dataset contains physiological measurements from a controlled laboratory experiment on juvenile Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir) conducted between June and August 2023 at the experimental greenhouse facility of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Alpin, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, southern Germany. The plant material originated from a commercial nursery in Franconia, Germany, and consisted of three-year-old trees maintained under uniform conditions prior to the experiment. The experiment aimed to assess the physiological responses of P. menziesii to progressive drought and subsequent recovery under controlled environmental conditions. Two drought treatments (mild and severe) were applied over a four-week period, followed by a re-watering phase. Air and soil temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, molar flow, transpiration rate, net photosynthesis, conductance to water, and CO₂ exchange were recorded continuously using automated LI-COR gas exchange systems with separate branch (aboveground) and root (belowground) chambers. Each measurement is associated with a unique tree identifier, treatment level, and compartment. All timestamps are reported in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The dataset provides detailed observations suitable for examining drought stress responses and recovery dynamics in juvenile Pseudotsuga menziesii under controlled laboratory conditions.

openSenseMap: Sensor Box HE Hermann-Gmeiner-Schule senseBox2

Das ist eine senseBox der Humboldt Explorers. Weitere Informationen unter: www.humboldt-explorers.de

Atmospheric weather data (air and soil temperature, relative humidity, photosynthetic photon flux density) (Table 6)

The weather station was set up in the beginning of the sampling period in August 2019 and ran the entire sampling period with an interruption between 30th January 2020 and 11th June 2020. Air and soil temperatures, relative humidity and photosynthetic flux density were measured on hourly intervals. Please note that the ground temperature sensor was situated 20 above the ground and therefore the measured medium depends on the conditions of the field site. Before rewetting, the medium was air, but after rewetting, when the area was usually inundated with water it indicates water temperatures.

Arctic PASSION - Polar Monthly Mean Ice Surface Temperature (AP-MMIST) for the time period 1982 to 2024

The Arctic PASSION Polar Monthly Mean IST data set (AP-MMIST) is a combined surface temperature product covering open ocean, marginal ice zone and closed sea ice areas, represented by Sea Surface Temperatures (SST), Marginal Ice Zone Temperatures (MIZT) and sea Ice Surface Temperatures (IST). Beside ocean and sea ice the data set also includes surface temperatures from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. AP-MMIST has been jointly developed and produced by Arctic PASSION WP-1 and the Sea Ice Thematic Assembly Centre (Sea Ice TAC) under the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S - service contract: 2022/C3S2_312b_MOi_SC1). The AP-MMIST is a monthly averaged temperature product based on the C3S daily IST CDR and ICDR level 3 data. The daily mean C3S IST data set is a resampled and averaged daily mean IST product using Global Area Coverage - Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) IST level 2 data as input. The level 2 and 3 CDR and ICDR data records are described in Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document (Eastwood et al., 2023). The surface temperature retrieval algorithm used to produce the basic level 2 product is a traditional split window algorithm using two Thermal InfraRed (TIR) channels to compensate for atmosphere and angular emissivity dependency. This is described in the Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document (Eastwood et al., 2023). The level 1 TIR input data set is the full data record from the AVHRR on-board NOAA satellite platforms since 1982, as well as AVHRR records on-board Metop satellites since 2006. The product output format is NetCDF with standard attributes, following CF convention to the degree possible. The monthly data are divided into 2 monthly files, one for each hemisphere, SH and NH.

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