The initiative Earth Observation Data Centre for Water Resource Monitoring (EODC-Water) has been launched for positioning Austrian expertise and capabilities in a focal area of current international engagement: A main EO satellite data service hub shall be established with Austrian footing to serve the water resources monitoring needs, and the related hydrological parameters, snow, glacier and land mapping requirements on a su-pranational and global scale.
The data inventory shows that Carpathian research has so far been rather sectoral and pan-Carpathian research is underrepresented. E.g. no climatologic maps and projections are available that focus specifically on the Carpathian region. Little integrated research into the impacts of climate change is currently available. In addition to the pan-Carpathian studies, a set of more focused integrated vulnerability assessments for specific focal areas and selected regional highlights is proposed. The project includes in-depth assessments of vulnerability of water, ecosystems conditions and services and ecosystem - based sectors to climate change impacts and In-depth assessments of the proposed concrete adaptation measures, including their costs and benefits in the Carpathian basin. PIK contributes to service requests on the subjects: (SR1) In depth study on the key climate change threats and impacts on water ressources. and (SR6) Integral vulnerability assessments in focal areas.
It is aimed to convert methane emissions from closed landfills to less harmful carbon dioxide emissions through in-site aeration and the thermal treatment of the outgoing lean gas therewith contributing to mitigating climate change induced by landfill emissions. Landfill emissions are a major source of global greenhouse gas emissions. The oxidation of methane emissions to carbon dioxide emissions could be registered as JI-project under the Kyoto-Protocol and be awarded marketable emission reduction units (ERUs). Through this income source the activity could become economically attractive. In order to be eligible as JI-project the JI-status has to be sought officially according to UNFCCC regulations. This shall be done in the framework of the so-called programmatic CDM approach allowing for summarising an infinite number of single project sites. The services included: 'Baseline Study for JI-projects with the development of a PDD; Proposition of a 'New baseline and monitoring methodology under JI for the aeration and thermal treatment of lean gas from landfills; Development as 'Programme of Activities' under JI; Development of a metering programme; Implementation and assistance of the operation of a plant at selected landfills; Support the registration at the German JI Focal Point; Support the determination as precondition for requesting registration as JI-activity; Publicity: presentation of the project concept to interested parties in Germany and seeking political support; Integration into the existing emission trading system in Europe;
Die Bundesregierung hat das Multikomponentenprotokoll der Genfer Luftreinhaltekonvention (CLRTAP) ratifiziert. Eine Revision des Protokolls ist für das Jahr 2011 vorgesehen. Außerdem sind Verhandlungen zur Revision der EU NEC-Richtlinie (2001/81/EG) geplant. Beide Regelwerke orientieren sich an Minderungszielen, die u.a. von Critical Loads für Versauerung und Eutrophierung und deren Einhaltung bzw. Überschreitung abgeleitet werden. Für Deutschland führt das Nationale Programmzentrum (NFC) die Erhebung und Berechnung der nationalen Daten und Karten aus und berichtet sie an das Coordination Centre for Effects (CCE) des Internationalen Kooperativprogramms (ICP) Modelling & Mapping der CLRTAP. Mit dem Projekt sollen alle nationalen, wissenschaftlichen Aufgaben des ICP Modelling & Mapping durch das nationale Programmzentrums (NFC) im Projektzeitraum November 2010 bis Oktober 2011 erfüllt und berichtet werden. Dazu gehören Kontakte zu den anderen NFCs, fachlicher Austausch mit den nationalen Programmzentren anderer ICPs, die Bearbeitung des 'Call for Data' des CCE, sowie die aktive Teilnahme an allen relevanten Fachveranstaltungen der CLRTAP und die Durchführung des TRILAT-Meetings mit den NFCs von Polen und Tschechien. Des Weiteren gehört dazu die Erstellung und Lieferung von Berichten, Karten und Daten an das UBA als Aufgabe der Politikberatung, für das Umweltindikatorensystem KIS oder die Nationale Biodiversitätsstrategie. Im einzelnen soll nach anerkannter Methodik eine Berechnung und Aktualisierung des deutschen Critical Load (CL) Datensatz im 1 x 1 km2 Raster für die säurebildenden Luftschadstoffe (SOx, NOx, NHy) und die eutrophierenden Einträge (NOx, NHy) auf Basis der neuen CORINE 2006 Daten durchgeführt werden. Ebenfalls sollte der neue Datensatz der empirischen Critical Loads für Deutschland angewendet und eine flächendeckende Karte zur Sensitivität naturnaher Ökosysteme erstellt werden. Basierend auf den aktuellen Datensätzen sollten Critical Loads Überschreitungen mit aktuellen flächendeckenden Depositionsdaten berechnet werden.
A Century of Atmospheric Transmission over Davos Measurements of the solar radiation at the Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos (PMOD) started in 1909 and are continued to present time. Radiometry and its application in meteorology have been a focal point of research activities at PMOD and have lead to the establishment of the World Radiation Center (WRC) in 1971 by the World Meteorological Organization. This long-term measurement series provides not only a detailed climatology of the insolation at Davos, including secular trends, but also contains information about the atmospheric transmission and its variability over the past century. The current scientific discussion about 'Global Dimming' starting in the late 50's and subsequent 'Brightening' after the late 80's, refers to the observed world-wide changes of insolation since the second half of the 20th century and their impact on global warming. The proposed causes for these variations, changing atmospheric transmission and cloudiness, are not separable from global (directed + diffuse) radiation alone. Additional observations of the direct solar radiation are required that can be evaluated in terms of apparent atmospheric transmission which in turn is dominated by aerosol extinction and water vapor absorption. Aerosol extinction of sun light represents a negative or cooling effect that is compensating to some extent the climate warming by greenhouse gases. This SNF project will compile the historic and recent solar measurement at PMOD, supplemented by observation available from Meteo Swiss (MCH), into a homogeneous time series spanning 100 years. Apparent atmospheric transmission will be inferred from these data by a proven method and analyzed for secular and decadal trends. Based on the high quality of measurements at Davos and modern radiative transfer calculations the project will model the total atmospheric transmission in terms of aerosol extinction and water vapor absorption. This project will retrieve time series of atmospheric parameters through reanalysis of existing observational data that are valuable in the assessment of climatic change in Switzerland.
In enger Zusammenarbeit mit dem National Focal Point für die Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) der CBD führte das ibn einen Expertenworkshop zur Umsetzung dieser Strategie in Deutschland durch. Ziel des Workshops war es, die Fach-Diskussion über Möglichkeiten und Handlungsbedarf zur Umsetzung von Ziel 5 der GSPC unter den in Deutschland gegebenen Voraussetzungen zu führen. Dabei wurden die verschiedenen zur Verfügung stehenden Instrumente, einschließlich der IPA-Bewertung, in Erwägung gezogen. Neben den bereits aus einigen deutschen Bundesländern vorliegenden Erfahrungen wurden auch jene aus anderen europäischen Ländern einbezogen (Slowakei, Polen, Spanien, England). An dieser Veranstaltung nahmen auch die Vertreter der Landesnaturschutzbehörden teil.
There is wide recognition that the regulatory and scientific capacity for conducting risk assessments of GMOs needs to be strengthened in most developing countries. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety of Living Modified Organisms under the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) requires that parties cooperate in the development and/or strengthening of human resources and institutional capacities in biosafety. The project works in three focal countries, Brazil, Kenya and Vietnam, all of which have expressed the need for resources and capacity for environmental risk assessment, and which can act as centers of expertise for their regions. http://www.gmoera.umn.edu/index.html Projektziel: The goal of the project is to develop scientific methodologies for the environmental risk assessment of transgenic plants (referred to in the proposal as GMO-ERA). The two central goals for Phase II are 1) to enable the scientists from the focal developing countries to develop and implement independently the environmental risk assessment models that have been jointly developed by the project, including contributing to the regulatory process, and 2) to expand and generalize the use of project products to neighbouring developing countries. The project targets scientists involved in the regulatory process or providing consultation for regulators, scientists generating ERA data, and government regulators.
It is the aim of this project to investigate the role of estuarine circulation for suspended particulate matter (SPM) transport in the Wadden Sea. Major hypotheses are that (i) estuarine circulation is relevant to SPM transports in the Wadden Sea, that (ii) tidal straining (i.e. the correlation between vertical shear and eddy viscosity due to tidal asymmetry caused by horizontal density gradients) is the major process contributing to estuarine circulation, and (iii) that wind straining (i.e. the subtidal vertical shear generated by surface wind stress) is an important episodic contribution to estuarine circulation. These hypotheses will be tested by means of targeted field observations in three tidal channels (Hörnum Deep, Jade Bay and Otzumer Balje), idealised process-oriented numerical model simulations and realistic hindcast simulations for the focal areas and for the entire Wadden Sea. Confirmation of these hypotheses will lead to a paradigm shift in understanding Wadden Sea dynamics which so far has been widely assumed to be unaffected by density gradients.
The proposed project investigates the response of the decomposer system to major climate change factors i.e., increased temperature (as represented by altitude) and nutrient inputs (N and P) of Andean forest ecosystems in the framework of the NUMEX experiment. The project focuses on major players of decomposition processes i.e., microorganisms (as analysed by phospholipid fatty acid patterns) and representative taxa of decomposer invertebrates: testate amoebae ('Testacea'), nematodes (Nematoda) and oribatid mites (Oribtida). The selected taxa represent major soil food web components i.e., microorganisms as major primary decomposers, testate amoebae and bacterial feeding nematodes as major representatives of the bacterial energy channel and fungal feeding nematodes and oribatid mites as major representatives of the fungal energy channel. Each of these groups responds sensitively to environmental changes and represent powerful bioindicators. The project aims at evaluating the use of bioindicators for the investigated climate change factors in Andean ecosystems. It is hypothesized that microorganisms, oribatid mites and nematodes sensitively and differentially respond to climate change factors allowing to identify indicators representative for large regions of Ecuador and the Andes in general. Further, molecular analysis of focal taxa of the selected soil animal groups target at understanding changes in animal diversity along altitudinal gradients of the study sites and along worldwide latitudinal gradients allowing deeper understanding of the evolution of the diversity of soil animals in tropical ecosystems. Project description: The proposed project investigates the response of the decomposer system to major climate change factors i.e., increased temperature (as represented by altitude) and nutrient inputs (N and P) of Andean forest ecosystems in the framework of the NUMEX experiment. The project focuses on major players of decomposition processes i.e., microorganisms (as analysed by phospholipid fatty acid patterns) and representative taxa of decomposer invertebrates: testate amoebae ('Testacea'), nematodes (Nematoda) and oribatid mites (Oribtida). The selected taxa represent major soil food web components i.e., microorganisms as major primary decomposers, testate amoebae and bacterial feeding nematodes as major representatives of the bacterial energy channel and fungal feeding nematodes and oribatid mites as major representatives of the fungal energy channel. Each of these groups responds sensitively to environmental changes and represent powerful bioindicators. The project aims at evaluating the use of bioindicators for the investigated climate change factors in Andean ecosystems. (abridged text)
Ziel ist der Aufbau und die Ausstattung einer Kontakt- und Koordinierungsstelle (KKS), die den Geschäftsbetrieb von TASK übernehmen soll. Unterstützt durch ein Expertennetzwerk soll die KKS zu diesem Zweck produktspezifische Unterstützungsmaßnahmen durchführen um den Markteintritt von F&E-Produkten in den Bereichen Bodenschutz, Grundwassersanierung und Flächenrevitalisierung zu verbessern. In TASK Phase I wurden die hierfür notwendigen Strukturen aufgebaut. Das Projekt steht in Übereinstimmung mit der Hightech-Strategie des BMBF. 1. Organisation und Durchführung von Handlungsformaten und Unterstützungsmaßnahmen als Kernaufgabe der KKS (Technologiedemonstrationen, Produktschulungen, Gremienarbeit, Marketingmaßnahmen, Betrieb einer Technology Hotline, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit) 2. Durchführung von Projekt- und Produktanalysen, Sondierungsgesprächen, Einsatz von Expertenteams (Identifizierung von Produkten aus F&E-Vorhaben; Fortschreibung Produktdatenbank, Einsatz und Koordinierung von ca. 10 Expertenteams pro Jahr) 3. Durchführung von Marktanalysen und Markteintrittsstudien, Internationalisierung mit Fokus Mittel- und Osteuropa (Akteursanalysen, Netzwerkanalysen, Netzwerkbildung). Etablierung eines 'National Focal Point' (TASK Leipzig)
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