Hedgerows play an important role in maintaining biodiversity, carbon sequestration, soil stability and the ecological integrity of agricultural landscapes. In this dataset, hedgerows are mapped for the whole of Bavaria. Orthophotos with a spatial resolution of 20 cm, taken in the period from 2019 to 2021, were used in a deep learning approach. Hedgerow polygons of the Bavarian in-situ biotope mapping from 5 districts (Miltenberg, Hassberge, Dillingen a.d. Donau, Freyung-Grafenau, Weilheim-Schongau) as well as other manually digitized polygons were used for training and testing as input into a DeepLabV3 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The CNN has a Resnet50 backbone and was optimized with the Dice loss as a cost function. The generated hedgerow probability tiles were post-processed by merging and averaging the overlapping tile boundaries, shape simplification and filtering. For more details, see Huber Garcia et al. (2025). The dataset has been created within the project FPCUP (https://www.copernicus-user-uptake.eu/) in close cooperation with Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt (LfU).
This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).
This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).
This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).
This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).
The data set bundle comprises geochemical, XRF core scanning and pollen data from composite sediment core BIS-2000, which was compiled from two parallel sediment cores (BIS-1 and BIS-3) obtained near Bispingen, northern Germany (53.071528°N, 9.989861°E, 82.0 m). BIS-2000 comprises Last Interglacial (Eemian) to early Last Glacial (Weichselian) palaeolake deposits, which cover the section between 15.55 and 30.68 m composite depth. The data set Bispingen BIS-2000 pollen contains pollen percentage values of selected taxa. Analyses were carried out at the University of Bonn, Germany, and at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, on the section between 18.19 and 30.68 m composite depth. Sample preparation followed the standard method described by Berglund & Ralska-Jasiewiczowa (1986), including treatment with cool HF and HCl, acetolysis, staining with safranine, and mounting in glycerol. Pollen counting was carried out using a light microscope at 400× magnification and pollen percentages were calculated based on the sum of trees/shrubs (arboreal pollen) and dwarf shrubs/herbs (non-arboreal pollen; excluding aquatic and wetland plants).
The data set bundle comprises geochemical, XRF core scanning and pollen data from composite sediment core BIS-2000, which was compiled from two parallel sediment cores (BIS-1 and BIS-3) obtained near Bispingen, northern Germany (53.071528°N, 9.989861°E, 82.0 m). BIS-2000 comprises Last Interglacial (Eemian) to early Last Glacial (Weichselian) palaeolake deposits, which cover the section between 15.55 and 30.68 m composite depth. The data set Bispingen BIS-2000 geochemistry contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and total organic carbon (TOC) contents (expressed as per cent of sediment dry weight) as well as carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) data. Analyses were carried out at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany, on the section between 15.55 and 30.72 m composite depth. The CaCO3 content was calculated from the total inorganic carbon (TIC) content, which was measured using a STRÖHLEIN Coulomat 702. In addition, measurements of the total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents were carried out using a LECO CNS-2000 elemental analyser. TOC was calculated as the difference between TC and TIC and C/N was calculated as the mass ratio between TC and TN.
The data set bundle comprises geochemical, XRF core scanning and pollen data from composite sediment core BIS-2000, which was compiled from two parallel sediment cores (BIS-1 and BIS-3) obtained near Bispingen, northern Germany (53.071528°N, 9.989861°E, 82.0 m). BIS-2000 comprises Last Interglacial (Eemian) to early Last Glacial (Weichselian) palaeolake deposits, which cover the section between 15.55 and 30.68 m composite depth. The data set Bispingen BIS-2000 XRF contains results of XRF core scanning. Analyses were carried out at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany, on the section between 15.08 and 31.20 m composite depth. Split sediment core segments were scanned with an ITRAX XRF core scanner and measured intensities of silicon, calcium and titanium were used to calculate the log-ratios log(Si/Ti) and log(Ca/Ti).
<p>Eine Studie hat die Arbeit des UBA in Normungsgremien von DIN, CEN und ISO und ihre teilweise Finanzierung durch BMU untersucht. Sie bestätigt, dass BMU und UBA sich in den relevantesten Gremien für die Berücksichtigung von Umweltbelangen engagieren. Zukünftig werden Klimawandel, Digitalisierung und europäische Regelungen eine wichtigere Rolle in der umweltrelevanten Normung spielen, so das Fazit.</p><p>Das Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit (<a href="https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/service/glossar/b?tag=BMU#alphabar">BMU</a>), das Umweltbundesamt (<a href="https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/service/glossar/u?tag=UBA#alphabar">UBA</a>) sowie weitere Interessensträger der Umweltpolitik setzen sich in verschiedenen Gremien wie beispielsweise dem Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (NAW), dem DIN/VDI-Normenausschuss Akustik, Lärmminderung und Schwingungstechnik (NALS) oder dem Normenausschuss Grundlagen des Umweltschutzes (NAGUS) dafür ein, dass Umweltbelange bei der Erarbeitung von Normen berücksichtigt werden.</p><p>Der Bericht „Analyse und Weiterentwicklung der aktiven und fördernden Beteiligung an der Normungsarbeit durch BMU und UBA unter Berücksichtigung europäischer Entwicklungen“ zeigt, dass im Bereich der Normung zukünftig aktuelle Themen wie die Digitalisierung oder der <a href="https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/service/glossar/k?tag=Klimawandel#alphabar">Klimawandel</a> stärker als bisher berücksichtigt werden müssen. Aus Umweltsicht müssen bei der Digitalisierung beispielsweise die Chancen und Risiken betrachtet werden, während es bei der Anpassung an die Folgen des Klimawandels vor allem darum geht, verschiedene Infrastrukturen zukunftssicher zu gestalten.</p><p>Gleichzeitig hat sich das Normungsgeschehen stark europäisiert und internationalisiert. Insbesondere auf europäischer Ebene gibt es häufig Vorgaben der europäischen Kommission, sogenannte Normungsmandate. In manchen Bereichen (beispielsweise im Rahmen der Bauproduktenverordnung) bekommen Normen eine große rechtliche Relevanz. Mandatierte Normen müssen immer national übernommen und widersprüchliche nationale Normen dann zurückgezogen werden. Diese Mandate können den nationalen Spielraum für notwendige Umweltbelange bei der Erarbeitung von Normen eingrenzen.</p><p>Die Studie schlägt deshalb eine stärkere strategische Ausrichtung der Normungsarbeit im UBA vor. Nur so kann das UBA zukünftig Umweltbelange proaktiv und effektiver in die Normung einbringen und bei Bedarf Strategien von Normungsorganisationen beeinflussen. Daneben sollten UBA und BMU die Zusammenarbeit mit relevanten Institutionen wie anderen Ministerien und Fachbehörden, sowie Umwelt- oder Verbraucherverbänden auf nationaler, europäischer und internationaler Ebene ausbauen.</p><p>Als weitere Erfolgsfaktoren für die Einbringung von Umweltaspekten in die verschiedenen Normen wurden im Vorhaben unter anderem identifiziert:</p><p><strong>Vorgehen im Projekt</strong></p><p>Zur Untersuchung der verschiedenen Normungsstrategien und Ableitung von Handlungsmöglichkeiten wurden Fallanalysen zu normungspolitischen Optionen in drei Themenfeldern erarbeitet. Die Fallanalysen beschäftigen sich mit den Themen „Umweltrelevante Normung im Kontext der Bauproduktenverordnung“, „Umweltrelevante Normung im Kontext der Energieeffizienzrichtlinie“ und „Umweltrelevante Normung im Kontext der Industrieemissionsrichtlinie“.</p><p>Darüber hinaus wurden etwa 100 Interviews durchgeführt. Sie liefern insgesamt einen Überblick über die Relevanz und Akzeptanz der Normung für den Umweltschutz. Interviewt wurde ein breites Spektrum an Personen, die Berührungspunkte zur Normung haben. Vertreten waren Mitarbeitende aus UBA und BMU, Personen aus der Wirtschaft und von Normungsorganisationen sowie Normungsexpertinnen und -experten aus anderen Institutionen (zum Beispiel Umweltverbände).</p><p>Das Forschungsprojekt wurde im Auftrag des UBA durch die Technopolis Group in Zusammenarbeit mit Fraunhofer FOKUS durchgeführt.</p><p> </p>
Um die Verankerung von umwelt- und gesundheitsrelevanten Anforderungen in Normen sicherzustellen, ist die Erarbeitung von produktspezifischen stofflichen Anforderungen und deren Einbringung in den Normungsprozess erforderlich. Das Ziel des geplanten Vorhabens ist die Ermittlung und Bewertung von gefährlichen Rezepturbestandteilen in Bauprodukten sowie Erarbeitung von Qualitätsanforderungen für Produktemissionen. Die abzuleitenden Anforderungen sollen im Rahmen der innerhalb des Vorhabens zu veranstaltenden Workshops mit Umweltvertretern und in der Normung aktiven Industrievertretern konzipiert und abgestimmt werden. Als wesentlicher erster Schritt ist zu vereinbaren, welche Schadstoffe künftig in Normen zu berücksichtigen sind. Auf der Basis der vorab erstellten Liste der für Bauprodukte prioritären Stoffe sollen für einige relevante Bauproduktgruppen, für die im Rahmen der Bauproduktenrichtlinie europäische Normen erstellt werden, stoffbezogene Kriterien festgelegt werden, die die Prüfung der Umweltverträglichkeit und gesundheitlichen Unbedenklichkeit der Produkte ermöglichen. Die als Ergebnis des Vorhabens ausgearbeiteten, begründeten und konkreten Umwelt- und Gesundheitsschutzanforderungen für ausgewählte Bauproduktgruppen sind noch während der Projektarbeit in die zuständigen Arbeitsgremien von DIN und CEN einzubringen. Neben der Erarbeitung und Vereinbarung konkreter 'Bausteine' zu Umwelt- und Gesundheitsanforderungen in Bauproduktnormen sollte das Vorhaben dazu beitragen, pränormative Forschung durch die Industrie zu initiieren.
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