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Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ozone (O3), Level 3 – Global

Ozone vertical column density in Dobson Units as derived from Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI observations. The stratospheric ozone layer protects the biosphere from harmful solar ultraviolet radiation. Ozone in troposphere can pose risks to the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Cloud-Top Height (CTH), Level 3 – Global

Global Cloud-Top Height (CTH) as derived from the Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI instrument. Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The cloud-top height is retrieved from the O2-A band using the ROCINN algorithm. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ultraviolet Index (UVI), Level 3 – Global

UV Index (UVI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. The UVI describes the intensity of the solar ultraviolet radiation. Values around zero indicate low, values greater than 10 indicate very high UV exposure on the ground. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

GTS Bulletin: ISND01 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISND01 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 01, 02, 04, 05, ... UTC) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere (The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10004;UFS TW Ems;10015;Helgoland;10020;List auf Sylt;10035;Schleswig;10055;Fehmarn;10147;Hamburg-Fuhlsbüttel;10162;Schwerin;10184;Greifswald;10200;Emden;10224;Bremen;10270;Neuruppin;10338;Hannover;10361;Magdeburg;10393;Lindenberg;10400;Düsseldorf;10469;Leipzig/Halle;10488;Dresden-Klotzsche;10506;Nürburg-Barweiler;10548;Meiningen;10637;Frankfurt/Main;10685;Hof;10738;Stuttgart-Echterdingen;10763;Nürnberg;10788;Straubing;10852;Augsburg;10946;Kempten;) (Remarks from Volume-C: SYNOP)

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 527: Bereich Infrastruktur - International Ocean Discovery Program, Untersuchung der Rolle von Vulkanismus am Beginn und Ende des Paläozän-Eozän-Temperaturemaximum basierend auf Sedimenten der IODP-Expedition 396

Es ist bekannt, dass Vulkanausbrüche das Klima auf verschiedene Weise beeinflussen. Diese reichen von kurzfristigen Auswirkungen wie Sulfat-Injektionen, die die einfallende Sonnenstrahlung reduzieren und zu Abkühlung führen, bis zu mittelfristigen Auswirkungen wie Erwärmung durch Kohlendioxid-Entgasung. Langfristig können Auswirkungen wie eine verstärkte Verwitterung eingelagerter Basalte zu einer Entfernung von Kohlendioxid und damit Abkühlung führen. Lange Perioden intensiven Vulkanismus, die als Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) bekannt sind, können besonders tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf das Klima haben, wobei mehrere LIPs entweder mit der globalen Erwärmung oder Abkühlung in der Erdgeschichte sowie mit Massenaussterben in Verbindung gebracht werden. Das Paläozän-Eozän-Temperaturemaximum (PETM), eine 200.000 Jahre lange Periode intensiver globaler Erwärmung vor ca. 56 Millionen Jahren, ereignete sich zur gleichen Zeit wie die Entstehung eines LIP, der North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP). Die NAIP-Entstehung wurde als Ursache für das PETM vorgeschlagen, da während des Vulkanismus Kohlendioxid und Methan freigesetzt werden, welches zu einer schnellen Erwärmung führt. Es wurde auch vermutet, dass die Ablagerung von Vulkanasche während des NAIP das Klima abgekühlt hat. Als solches ist das PETM eine ideale Periode, um die Auswirkungen des Vulkanismus auf das Erdsystem zu untersuchen. Expedition 396 des International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) hat erfolgreich eine Reihe von langen Sedimentsequenzen aus dem PETM-Zeitalter am norwegischen Rand geborgen. In diesem Projekt beabsichtige ich, detaillierte deskriptive, geochemische und modellbasierte Untersuchungen mit den Sedimenten der Expedition 396 durchzuführen, um die Rolle des NAIP-Vulkanismus im PETM zu dokumentieren. Erstens wird die Intensität des Vulkanismus durch neue Schätzungen der Kohlendioxid-, Methan- und Sulfatemissionen bewertet, um die Rolle der Gase auf den Klimawandel zu bestimmen. Durch detaillierte geochemische Untersuchungen werden die Auswirkungen der Ascheablagerung auf den Kohlenstoffkreislauf bewertet mit Schwerpunkt auf der Rolle der Asche als Nährstofflieferant für Phytoplankton liegt. Die potenziellen Auswirkungen der Ascheablagerung auf die Speicherung von Kohlenstoff im Sediment werden ebenfalls geochemisch und isotopisch untersucht. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse unter Verwendung von Erdsystemmodelle kombiniert, um die genaue Rolle des Vulkanismus im PETM zu bestimmen. Die erwarteten Ergebnisse werden uns neue Erkenntnisse über die Rolle der LIP-Entstehung und der Ablagerung von Vulkanasche beim Klimawandel geben. Sedimente von Expedition 396 bieten eine einzigartige Gelegenheit, den geochemischen Abdruck des Vulkanismus hochauflösend zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit werden zu einer erheblichen Verbesserung unseres Verständnisses des PETM führen.

Absolute abundances of methane- and sulfate-cycling microorganisms, pore water gas concentrations and stable carbon isotopes (Table 1)

Soil cores for microbial, dissolved gas concentrations and isotopic analysis were taken using a Russian type peat corer (De Vleeschouwer et al. 2010) before and after rewetting. Each time, we took duplicates at stations 1-8 for this rather labor-intensive process and divided the core into four depth sections: surface, 5–20, 20–40 and 40–50 cm. Subsamples for dissolved gases and stable carbon isotope analyses were taken with tip-cut syringes with a distinct volume of 3 ml (Omnifix, Braun, Bad Arolsen, Germany) and immediately placed into NaCl-saturated vials (20 ml, Agilent Technologies, 5182-0837, Santa Clara, USA) leaving no headspace and closed gas-tight using rubber stoppers and metal crimpers (both: diameter 20 mm, Glasgerätebau Ochs, Bovenden, Germany).

MOSES Sternfahrt-10, Elbe water distribution and dispersion of pollutants from the Elbe outflow into the Northern Sea (German Bight), in 2023

The Sternfahrt-10 of the MOSES campaign, from 29th August until the 15th of September 2023, had two objectives. One was to follow the dispersion of pollutants, previously observed during the Elbe-Freshwater and Elbe-Tidal cruises, transported by the Elbe water into the North Sea. And second, on this occasion, the distribution of the Elbe water within the German Bight should be followed. To realize this, two drifter groups were deployed in the southern and, respectively, northern branch of the Elbe valley, which were continuously monitored by scientists at the Hereon institute. Further, the drifters were subsequently followed by three ships (RV Ludwig Prandtl, RV Littorina, RV Mya II), for in total three weeks, to measure hydrographic parameters multiple times along their journey. Additionally, to this stationary sampling, basic hydrographic parameters and dissolved methane were measured continuously along the tracks (content of the presented dataset). To ensure the comparability of the data from all three vessels a container was transferred from ship to ship. This "MOSES laboratory-container" was equipped with several sensors, amongst others a pocket FerryBox and a Greenhouse Gas Analyser (Los Gatos). The Ludwig Prandtl started the campaign on August 29th in Cuxhaven and deployed the drifters in the respective areas of the Elbe outflow section of the German Bight. Until the 1st of September the crew followed the drifters to sample this water body. Not all drifters could be reached every day, because it was too shallow, in this case the vessels occupied MOSES hydrographic stations from previous Sternfahrt cruises. On September 4th the vessel Littorina took over and started the second part of the campaign navigating from Cuxhaven to Heligoland covering as many drifter positions as possible. Until the 7th of September the crew sampled in the north eastern part of Heligoland up to Büsum. The handover of the container for the last episode of the cruise took place in Heligoland to the vessel Mya II. From there the crew navigated on September 12th towards west off the island Amrum. In the following days until September 14th, they sampled west off Heligoland to west off St. Peter-Ording. For more details about the exact tracks of the ships, have a look at the added map. More detailed information about the MOSES project and the Sternfahrten, see article cited in references.

GTS Bulletin: FCDL33 EDZO - Forecast (details are described in the abstract)

The FCDL33 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (F): Forecast T1T2 (FC): Aerodrome (VT < 12 hours) A1A2 (DL): Germany(The bulletin collects reports from stations: EDFM;MANNHEIM-CITY;EDVK;KASSEL-CALDEN;EDWE;Emden;EDZO;)

GTS Bulletin: FCRO32 LROM - Forecast (details are described in the abstract)

The FCRO32 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (F): Forecast T1T2 (FC): Aerodrome (VT < 12 hours) A1A2 (RO): Romania (The bulletin collects reports from stations: LRAR;ARAD INT ;LRBM;TAUTII MAGHERAUS ;LRCL;CLUJ-NAPOCA INT ;LROD;ORADEA INT ;LRSM;SATU MARE ;LRTM;TRANSILVANIA TARGU MURES INT;)

GTS Bulletin: ISND07 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISND07 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 0100, 0200, 0400, 0500, ... UTC) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10454;Wernigerode;10458;Harzgerode;10460;Artern;10466;Halle-Kröllwitz;10471;Leipzig-Holzhausen;10474;Wittenberg;10480;Oschatz;10490;Doberlug-Kirchhain;10495;Hoyerswerda;10519;Bonn-Roleber;10520;Andernach;10526;Marienberg, Bad;10534;Hoherodskopf/Vogelsberg;10537;Neu-Ulrichstein;10540;Eisenach;10542;Hersfeld, Bad;10552;Schmücke;10557;Neuhaus am Rennweg;) (Remarks from Volume-C: SYNOP)

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