Zur nachhaltigen Sicherung der Energie- und Stromversorgung wird zukünftig neben Kernenergie und regenerativer Energiebereitstellung weiterhin der Rückgriff auf fossile Brennstoffe, wie Kohle, Öl und Erdgas, unverzichtbar bleiben. Bei konventionellen Kraftwerkstechnologien werden jedoch Treibhausgase freigesetzt, während gleichzeitig deren Reduzierung weltweit hohe Priorität hat. Zur Lösung dieses Zielkonflikts werden 'Carbon Capture and Storage' (CCS)-Methoden diskutiert, wobei die Oxyfuel-Verbrennung eine der vielversprechendsten Technologien zur CO2-Abscheidung darstellt. Bei diesem Verfahren wird der Brennstoff anstelle von Luft mit einem Gemisch aus Sauerstoff und rezirkuliertem Rauchgas verbrannt, um so ein hoch CO2-haltiges Abgas zu erzeugen, das nach weiteren sekundären Reinigungsschritten abgetrennt werden kann. Der Ersatz des Stickstoffanteils der Luft durch CO2 und H2O führt zu einem völlig neuen Verbrennungsverhalten, das auch zu Instabilitäten sowie zum örtlichen Verlöschen der Flamme führen kann. Die korrekte Beschreibung dieses Verbrennungsverhaltens erfordert entsprechende physikalisch und chemisch motivierte Modelle für diese spezielle Gasatmosphäre. Deshalb sollen bis zum Projektende des Sonderforschungsbereichs/Transregio die folgenden Erkenntnisse, Daten und Modelle zur Verfügung stehen: (1) Belastbare Modelle durch grundlegendes Verständnis der beteiligten Prozesse und deren Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen Einflussparametern, von der Mikroskala bis hin zur skalenübergreifenden Interaktion, (2) Basisdaten zur Vorhersage der Wärmeübertragung von der Flamme an die Wände und Einbauten in Kraftwerkskesseln mit Oxyfuel-Atmosphäre, (3) Verlässliche Berechnungsgrundlagen für die Entwicklung und Auslegung von Brennern und Feuerräumen für Oxyfuel-Kraftwerke mit Feststoffverbrennung. Im Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio arbeiten Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler der RWTH Aachen, Ruhr-Universität Bochum und TU Darmstadt zusammen.
Six mesocosm experiments with specimens of Fucales or Laminariales were conducted across six georegions (3 mesocosms with brown algae, 3 mesocosms without brown algae). Incubations lasted 24 days, followed by a year-long monitoring of incubation water. During the first 12 days, brown algae were maintained in mesocosms adjacent to control mesocosms, with 1 L of water sampled every second day. Half of the mesocosm water was replaced with fresh seawater after each sampling. Environmental conditions and primary productivity of specimens was recorded during the incubation. After 12 days, specimens were removed and incubation continued for another 12 days, maintaing the same sampling routine. At the end of the 24 day- incubation period, long-term monitoring was set-up with 6-10L of incubation water in two different conditions: one exposed to a controlled light cycle at 20°C, the second set in darkness at 4°C with added nutrients (40 µM NO3- and 3µM PO43-). Additional water samples were collected along transects extending from near-shore brown algae poplulations. Water samples were filtered over pre-combusted GFF filters (450°C, 4.5h), and both the filtrate and filters were analysed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC). Fucoidan was quantified in dissolved (>1kDa) fraction and surface active fraction (SAF) (> 1kDa and negative charged fraction purified with anion exchange chromatography) fractions through monosaccharide quantification after acid-hydrolysis (100°C, 24h) using HPAEC-PAD, according to Engel and Händel, 2011. Intact polysaccharides were detected using structure-sensitive monoclonal antibodies (Torode et al., 2015; Vidal-Melgosa et al., 2021). Microbial cells were quantified using DAPI-cell staining and counting. Semi-quantitative measurements of particulate fucoidan were performed via acid hydrolysis of GFF filter pieces, followed by monosaccharide analysis via HPAEC-PAD. Sedimented particles to bottom of mesocosms were scooped out on day 24 for monosaccharide analysis and BAM1 antibody binding specific to fucoidan.
The data presented herein originates from a mesocosm study conducted as part of the BMBF CDRmare, Retake project (grant agreement no. 03F0895A), aimed at investigating the ecological ramifications of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE). Twelve mesocosms were deployed in Helgoland South Harbor, Germany, and systematically sampled using integrated water samplers over the period spanning from March 12th to April 20th, 2023. Six alkalinity levels under two dilution scenarios were established to differentiate between localized and uniform OAE additions. Alkalinity was increased stepwise to ΔTAmax = 1250 μmol kg-1 (250 μmol TA kg-1 increments) using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with calcium chloride (CaCl2) to simulate cation release during calcium-based mineral dissolution, causing strong carbonate chemistry perturbations (e.g., pHT > 9.25). The dataset encompasses a spectrum of sediment trap particle flux data, water column biogeochemistry including pigment variables, inorganic nutrients, carbonate chemistry parameters. The study and data set offer insights into impacts of alkalinity enhancement on marine ecosystems and their associated biogeochemistry.
Seagrass meadows play a significant role in the formation of carbonate sediments, serving as a substrate for carbonate-producing epiphyte communities. The magnitude of the epiphyte load depends on plant structural and physiological parameters, related to the time available for epiphyte colonization. Yet, the carbonate accumulation is likely to also depend on the carbonate saturation state of seawater (Omega) that tends to decrease as latitude increases due to decreasing temperature and salinity. A decrease in carbonate accumulation with increasing latitude has already been demonstrated for other carbonate producing communities. The aim of this study was to assess whether there was any correlation between latitude and the epiphyte carbonate load and net carbonate production rate on seagrass leaves. Shoots from 8 different meadows of the Zostera genus distributed across a broad latitudinal range (27 °S to up to 64 °N) were sampled along with measurements of temperature and Omega. The Omega within meadows significantly decreased as latitude increased and temperature decreased. The mean carbonate content and load on seagrass leaves ranged from 17 % DW to 36 % DW and 0.4-2.3 mg CO3/cm**2, respectively, and the associated mean carbonate net production rate varied from 0.007 to 0.9 mg CO3/cm**2/d. Mean carbonate load and net production rates decreased from subtropical and tropical, warmer regions towards subpolar latitudes, consistent with the decrease in Omega. These results point to a latitudinal variation in the contribution of seagrass to the accumulation of carbonates in their sediments which affect important processes occurring in seagrass meadows, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration and sediment accretion.
This dataset provides information on soil chemistry and soil bulk density as part of the Grassworks project, which investigates the restoration of species-rich grasslands in Germany. Grasslands are globally threatened ecosystems, and the project aims to identify factors that contribute to successful restoration, focusing on ecological complexity and stakeholder engagement. Data was collected from 187 grassland sites across three regions in Northern, Central, and Southern Germany, each with distinct socio-economic and ecological characteristics. Sampling occurred between 2022 and 2023 and included 40–41 restored grassland sites and 20–25 reference sites (10–12 positive, 10–13 negative) per region. At each site in March or early April at each vegetation plot per subtransect, we took soil samples (pooled from six soil cores, 20 mm diameter) that were further pooled into one sample per site (24 in total) and analyzed for total soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen content, pH, and soil texture. Additionally, soil bulk density was measured at vegetation plots per site, to enable future assessment of carbon sequestration over time. Soil and bulk density samples were taken at two depths: 0–10 and 10–30 cm.
Salt marshes along the Wadden Sea coast are often shaped by anthropogenic alterations to their hydrology and sedimentation. To investigate the effects of hydrological restoration through summer dike openings on soil carbon storage capacities, soil samples were collected from four study sites along the Lower Saxony Wadden Sea coast, Germany. Each site featured restored areas, i.e., former summer polders reconnected to tidal exchange, and reference salt marshes adjacent to the polders. The polders varied in restoration age, i.e., 0 (control, not restored), 8, 14, and 28 years, forming a chronosequence for temporal analysis, while the reference salt marshes remained unchanged. Soil samples were taken along transects that represented different marsh zones, including pioneer, lower salt marsh, and upper salt marsh. The soil samples covered soil layers down to a depth of 100 cm and were collected in five sections of 20 cm using an Edelman corer. Total carbon, organic carbon, and inorganic carbon were analyzed using CN-elementary analysis and calcimeter methods. This dataset provides valuable insights into the potential of hydrological restoration measures to enhance soil carbon sequestration in salt marshes.
The impacts of climate change pose one of the main challenges for agriculture in Central Europe. In particular, an increase of extreme and compound extreme climate events is expected to strongly impact economic revenues and the provision of ecosystem services by agroecosystems. A highly relevant, still open question is how grassland farming systems can cope best with these climate risks to adapt to climate change. A prominently discussed economic instrument to relieve income risks is the formal insurance, but natural and social insurances are newly under discussion as well. Natural insurances include specific grassland management practises such as maintaining species-rich grasslands. Social insurances, in our terminology, comprise all forms of societal support for farmers’ climate risk management. This includes in particular arrangements of community-supported agriculture that reduce income risks for farmers, or payments for ecosystem services if their design takes risk into account. Formal, natural and social insurances may be substitutes or complements, and affect farmer behaviour in different ways. Thus, policy support for any of the three forms of insurance will have effects on the others, which need to be understood. InsuranceGrass takes an innovative interdisciplinary view and assesses formal, natural and social insurances: on how to cope best with impacts of climate extremes on grasslands, integrating social and natural sciences perspectives and feedbacks between them. Based on this holistic analysis, InsuranceGrass will provide recommendations for policy and insurance design to ensure effective risk-coping of farmers and to enhance sustainable grassland farming, considering economic, environmental and social aspects. Impacts of extreme and compound extreme events on the provision of ecosystem services (e.g. magnitude and quality of yield, climate regulation via carbon sequestration, plant diversity) by permanent grasslands in Germany and Switzerland are quantified based on long-term observations and field experiments. Cutting-edge model-based approaches will be based on behavioural theories and empirically calibrated. With the help of social-ecological modelling, InsuranceGrass explicitly incorporates feedbacks between farmers’ and households’ decision, grassland management options, and ecosystem service provision in a dynamic manner. The contributions of different insurance types are developed, discussed and evaluated jointly with different groups of stakeholders (i.e., farmers, insurance companies, public administration). A scientifically sound and holistic assessment of the role of formal, natural, and social insurances for the sustainability of grassland farming under extreme events requires both disciplinary excellence and seamless interdisciplinary collaboration. InsuranceGrass brings together four groups from Zürich and Leipzig, with unique disciplinary expertise and a track record of successful collaboration.
In dem Vorhaben soll auf technische Möglichkeiten zur Effizienzverbesserung bzw. Energieeinsparung eingegangen werden (bspw. Nutzung der Windkraft) und eruiert werden, in welcher Höhe Energieeinsparungen realistisch zu erwarten sind, für welche Schiffstypen diese jeweils in Frage kommen, wie weit der Energiebedarf des internationalen Seeverkehrs sich damit senken ließe und ob bzw. unter welchen Bedingungen diese Maßnahmen wirtschaftlich sind oder einer Förderung bedürfen. In die Betrachtung sollen bestehende und zukünftige Maßnahmen auf EU- und internationaler Ebene einfließen. In einem zweiten Arbeitspaket sind die Treibhausgasminderungsmöglichkeiten durch Carbon Capture on board (OCC) zu beleuchten. Es soll (beschränkt auf das System Schiff) eine detaillierte Betrachtung des Energieaufwands zur Abscheidung, Speicherung und Transport des CO2 sowie den dadurch verursachten zusätzlichen CO2eq-Emissionen erfolgen. Darüber hinaus sollen zudem auch die Auswirkungen auf die schiffsspezifische Energieeffizienz betrachtet werden und für welche Schiffstypen dies wirtschaftlich darstellbar ist. Es sind Beratungsleistungen für die Verhandlungen unter der Klimarahmenkonvention zu dem Agendapunkt der 'bunker fuels' und ein Ad-hoc-Beratungsbudget für den See- und Luftverkehr vorzusehen.
| Organisation | Count |
|---|---|
| Bund | 258 |
| Europa | 31 |
| Global | 1 |
| Land | 9 |
| Weitere | 2 |
| Wirtschaft | 5 |
| Wissenschaft | 130 |
| Zivilgesellschaft | 7 |
| Type | Count |
|---|---|
| Daten und Messstellen | 19 |
| Ereignis | 14 |
| Förderprogramm | 184 |
| Text | 40 |
| Umweltprüfung | 3 |
| unbekannt | 33 |
| License | Count |
|---|---|
| Geschlossen | 69 |
| Offen | 222 |
| Unbekannt | 2 |
| Language | Count |
|---|---|
| Deutsch | 159 |
| Englisch | 168 |
| Resource type | Count |
|---|---|
| Archiv | 6 |
| Bild | 10 |
| Datei | 28 |
| Dokument | 35 |
| Keine | 135 |
| Webseite | 124 |
| Topic | Count |
|---|---|
| Boden | 293 |
| Lebewesen und Lebensräume | 263 |
| Luft | 293 |
| Mensch und Umwelt | 293 |
| Wasser | 231 |
| Weitere | 288 |