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Inorganic geochemistry of sedimentary rocks in the catchment of river Thuringian Saale during the last 600 Ma

A literature retrieval was performed for whole rock geochemical analyses of sedimentary, magmatic and metamorphic rocks in the catchment of River Thuringian Saale for the past 600 Ma. Considering availability and coincidence with paleontological an facies data the following indicators seem suitable to detect environmental and climatic changes: biogenic P for Paleoproductivity, STI Index for weathering intensity, Ni/Co-ratio for redox conditions, relative enrichments of Co, Ba and Rb versus crustal values for volcanic activity at varying differentiation. The Mg/Ca-ratio as proxy for salinity is applicable in evaporites. The binary plot Nb/Y versus Zr/TiO2 indicates a presently eroded volcanic level of the Bohemian Massif as catchment area for the Middle Bunter, whereas higly differentiated volcanics provided source material for Neoproterozoic greywackes. A positive Eu-anomaly is limited to the Lower Bunter and implies mafic source rocks perhaps formerly located in the Bohemian Massif.

Trace element contents for the <2 μm, 2-20 μm and bulk fractions from LGM European loess sequences

Trace element contents in microg/g measured on the <2 microns, 2-20 microns size fractions and bulk samples from LGM European loess sequences. Samples were crushed in an agate mortar and trace element concentrations were measured following Chauvel et al. (2011). Reproducibility for trace element analyses is better than 5% based on repeat measurements, and the accuracy is also better than 5%, based on the analyses of international rock standards (JSD-1, JSD-3 and LKSD-1.

Chemical composition and Sr, Nd, Pb isotope ratios of mafic igneous rocks from the Ordovician Saxothuringian basin east of and within the post-Devonian Müncheberg massif, NE Bavaria, Germany

The sampling area is located east (E-domain) and west (W-domain) of the Münchberg gneiss massif, NE Bavaria. Germany. Major and trace element compositions and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope composition of a selected subset of Ordovician samples and post- Devonian samples of mafic igneous rocks are documented in the Table 1 'E-domain'. Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope composition of selected mafic igneous rocks from the W-domain of Ordovicician, Silurian, and Devonian age are documented together with the previously analysed Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Th-Pb concentrations (Höhn et. al., 2018, doi:10.1007/s00531-017-1497-2) in the Table 2 'W-domain'.

Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading - Challenges and Opportunities for Japan

Anreize umweltpolitischer Instrumente zu Adaption und Innovation von Vermeidungstechnologien

Es geht um die Frage, welche umweltpolitischen Politikinstrumente wie Steuern, Standards, handelbare Emissionszertifikate, Subventionen und gemischte Instrumente staerkere Anreize zu Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) aber auch zur Uebernahme (Adaption) neuer Technologien liefern. Dabei wird auch untersucht, bei welchen Instrumenten es in Abhaengigkeit von der Marktform zu staerkeren allokativen Verzerrungen kommt. Die theoretische Forschung zur Adaption bei vollkommenem Wettbewerb ist dabei weitgehend abgeschlossen. Da empirische Studien ausweisen, dass hoechstens 15 Prozent der Industrieinnovationen selbst verwendet werden, 85 Prozent jedoch an Dritte weiterverkauft werden, ist es wichtig zu erforschen, welche Rueckkopplungen von der Regulierung einer verschmutzenden Industrie auf die Forschung in anderen Industrien ausgeht. Diese Fragestellung ist augenblicklich zentraler Gegenstand dieses Forschungsprojektes. Vorgehensweise: Der Ansatz ist in der ersten Phase des Projektes theoretisch: Das heisst, es werden Methoden aus der oekonomischen Gleichgewichts- und der Spieltheorie verwendet, um Markt und Verhaltensgleichgewichte zu identifizieren. Spaeter sollen Vermeidungskosten in verschiedenen wirtschaftlichen Sektoren oekonometrisch geschaetzt und die theoretisch abgeleiteten Hypothesen ueberprueft werden. Untersuchungsdesign: Panel.

Lessons Learned from the Kyoto Mechanisms for the Article 6.4 Mechanism

Dieser Bericht fasst die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse aus den projektbasierten Mechanismen des Kyoto-Protokolls zusammen, dem Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) und Joint Implementation (JI), und leitet daraus Empfehlungen für den neuen Mechanismus nach Artikel 6.4 des Pariser Übereinkommens ab. Der Bericht gibt zunächst einen Überblick über die Ausgabe und Verwendung von Emissionsgutschriften im Rahmen dieser Mechanismen. Anschließend analysieren wir, welche Elemente der bestehenden Mechanismen auf den Artikel 6.4 Mechanismus übertragen werden könnten. Einige Regelungen aus dem CDM können mit nur geringfügigen Anpassungen übernommen werden, da sie das Ergebnis eines langen Optimierungsprozesses sind. Dazu gehören die Regeln und Vorschriften für den Projektzyklus, die Akkreditierung von Prüfern, die Validierung und Verifizierung, die Bestimmungen zur Transparenz und Governance. In anderen Bereichen sollten die Regelungen von Artikel 6.4 im Vergleich zum CDM und zur JI erweitert werden, vor allem im Bereich der Zusätzlichkeit, der Quantifizierung der Emissionsreduktionen, der Nicht-Dauerhaftigkeit sowie den Regelungen zu sozialen und ökologischen Schutzmaßnahmen. Auf der Grundlage der Erfahrungen mit CDM und JI empfehlen wir, dass primär die Minderungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen des Artikel 6.4 Mechanismus durchgeführt werden sollen, die hohe Hürden bei der Implementierung haben. Weiterhin sollten sie die Ambitionen des Gastlandes steigern, eine hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit der Zusätzlichkeit aufweisen, Zusatznutzen für andere Ziele der nachhaltigen Entwicklung erzeugen, und es sollte sichergestellt werden, dass die Emissionsreduktionen auf die Maßnahme zurückgeführt werden können.

Trace metal distribution for water samples of the cruise AT010

Offshore wind energy is a steadily growing sector contributing to the worldwide energy production. The impact of these offshore constructions on the marine environment, however, remains unclear in many aspects. In fact, little is known about potential emissions from corrosion protection systems such as organic coatings or galvanic anodes composed of Al and Zn alloys, used to protect offshore structures. In order to assess potential chemical emissions from offshore wind farms and their impact on the marine environment water and sediment samples were taken in and around offshore wind farms of the German Bight between 04.04.2022 and 14.04.2022 within the context of the Hereon-BSH project OffChEm II. The water samples were taken in metal-free GO-FLO sampling bottles, filtered over <0.45 µm polycarbonate filters into pre-cleaned LDPE bottles and acidified with nitric acid. The filtrates were then measured for their (trace) metal concentrations with ICP-MS/MS coupled online to a seaFAST preconcentration and matrix removal system.

Beurteilung des Einflusses von degeneriertem Graphit auf das zyklische Werkstoffverhalten von Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit für dickwandige Komponenten, Teilvorhaben: Einflussfaktoren und metallurgische Verhinderung der Bildung degenerierten Graphits

(Table 1, page 215) Chemical composition Mn deposits from the Middle Jurassic part of the Austrian Kalkalpen

The X-ray diffraction analyzes of two ferromanganese crust samples found at the base of the Klaus red Jurassic limestone beds of the Unterberg formation indicate pyrolusite as the main mineral. The crusts contain also a range of trace elements in concentrations comparable of present day oceanic deposits. The low Fe/Mn ratio found in sample 06-32a is in agreement with the geochemical data from Pacific Ocean manganese nodules and crusts of hydrothermal genesis. However, the simultaneously high contents in cerium and yttrium (rare earth metals) are more likely to suggest a precipitation of the manganese from the free water column (hydrogenetic origin). In addition, there are no identified hydrothermal sources in the vicinity of the hosting limestone beds. Iron-rich manganese nodules have also been found in the Jurrasic limestones beds of the Ruhpolding formation. In these deposits, hematite is the dominant mineral phase. The high Fe/Mn ratio as well the detritic material they contain (quartz, mica) lead to a possible continental margin origin for these nodules.

Analysis of Mn-deposits from the Alps

In the aftermath of the Triassic?Jurassic extinction event, extant slopes of drowned alpine reef buildups were recolonized in patches by predominantly non-rigid sponges. Just a few localities in the Northern Calcareous Alps display autochthonous communities of these rarely in situ-preserved species and provide an insight into their taphonomy. In a depression of the former Triassic reef surface at Steinplatte (Austria) lyssacinosid sponges formed spicular mats during starved Liassic sedimentation. They settled on detrital soft- or firmgrounds that were successively dominated by spicules of their own death predecessors and infiltrated sediments. Skeletal remains and adjacent micrites were partly fixed by microbially induced carbonate precipitation due to the decay of sponge organic matter. The irregular compaction of the sediment as well as volume reduction during microbialite formation resulted in syndiagenetic stromatactis cavities. Subjacent to the spiculite allochthonous sediments fill up sinkholes and crevices of the rough Triassic relief. In order to define the Lower Liassic paleoenvironment, the sediments and associated ferromanganese crusts were analysed by X-ray fluorescence and ICP-mass spectrometry. The distribution pattern of major and trace elements show usual contents of hydrogeneous Fe/Mn-precipitates. In contrast, the results of rare earth element analyses revealed a negative Cerium anomaly within the crusts and the spiculite at Steinplatte locality. In Lower Liassic sediments of the Northern Calcareous Alps such an anomaly has been proved for the first time. Most likely it is related to higher precipitation rates caused by microbial mats or possibly by a minor influx of hydrothermal fluids. Carbon and oxygen stable isotopes of the same sequence show primary signals of a small negative ?13Ccarb excursion that extends from Hettangian to Lower Sinemurian time.

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