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Geophysical Imaging of Deep EarthShape (GIDES): Seismic data of the Private Reserve Santa Gracia, Chile

The dataset contains the seismic weight drop data acquired in Private Reserve Santa Gracia, Chile. The data acquisition was conducted as a part of the EarthShape project in the subproject of Geophysical Imaging of the Deep EarthShape (GIDES). The seismic line was setup to cut across an existing borehole location with core and geophysical logging data available (Krone et al., 2021; Weckmann et al., 2020). The data was acquired to image the deep weathering zone identified by the borehole data across the seismic profile. Included in the datasets are the raw data of the CUBE data logger, SEG-Y data of the recorded shots, and the shot and receiver geometry data. A vital aspect of comprehending the interplay between geological and biological processes lies in the imaging of the critical zone, located deep beneath the surface, where the transition from unaltered bedrock to fragmented regolith occurs. It had been hypothesized that the depth of such weathering zone is dependent on the climate condition of the area. A more humid climate with higher precipitation will result in a deeper weathering front. As a part of the EarthShape project (SPP-1803 ‘EarthShape: Earth Surface Shaping by Biota’), specifically the Geophysical Imaging of the Deep EarthShape (GIDES - Grant No. KR 2073/5-1), we aim to image the weathering zone using the geophysical approach. Using the seismic method, we can differentiate different weathered layers based on the seismic velocity while also providing a 2D subsurface image of the critical zone. We conducted a seismic weight drop experiment in the Private Reserve Santa Gracia, Chile, to observe the depth of the weathering zone in a semi-arid climate and compare the resulting model with existing borehole data (Krone et al., 2021; Weckmann et al., 2020). The acquired data can then be used for multiple seismic imaging techniques, including body wave tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves.

Seismic data of the DESERT Controlled Source Array II (CSA-2; Arava Valley, Jordan, Oct./Nov. 2001) - Datasets

SEG-Y data of small-scale high-resolution controlled-source seismic experiment to investigate the mesoscopic fault structure of the Wadi Arava fault, Dead Sea Transform. The Dead Sea Transform (DST) is a major shear zone running for more than 1000km from the Red Sea in the South to the Zagros mountain chain in the North. It accommodates the lateral movement of the Sinai microplate and the Arabian shield; the total displacement along this shear zone is >100km. As part of the DESERT 2000 research project, several geophysical studies on a wide range of scales aimed to reveal the structure and evolution of the DST (Weber et al., 2009, 2010, and references therein). In October/November 2010 we conducted a high-resolution seismic experiment in the central part of the Arava/Araba segment of the shear zone. The analysis of the data (reflection seismics, tomography) revealed the shallow structure of the Wadi Arava fault (main strand of the DST) down to a depth of ~1km. The main findings are published in Maercklin (2004) and Haberland et al. (2007).

Seismic data from the 2016-02-22 flood event and from an active seismic survey conducted around the Eshtemoa River, Israel

Bedload transport is a key process in fluvial morphodynamics and hydraulic engineering, but is notoriously difficult to measure. The recent advent of stream-side seismic monitoring techniques provides an alternative to in-stream monitoring techniques, which are often costly, staff-intensive, and cannot be deployed during large floods. Seismic monitoring is a surrogate method requiring several steps to convert seismic data into bedload data. State-of-the-art approaches of conversion exploit physical models predicting the seismic signal generated by bedload transport. Here, we did an active seismic survey (2017-11) and used seismic data from a flood event (2016-02-22) on the Nahal Ehstemoa to constrain a seismic bedload model. We conducted the active seismic survey to determine the local seismic ground properties, i.e., the Green’s function. We also used water depth and bedload grain size distribution to constrain the seismic bedload model and were able to compare the bedload flux obtained from the seismic data using the model with high-quality independent bedload measurements from slot samplers on the site. The complementary non-seismic data is published in a separate data publication (Lagarde et al., 2020).

Seismic pilot survey in the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory (URL)

This data publication contains a seismic survey which was acquired in the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory (URL) in January 2019. The aim of the SI-A experiment (Seismic Imaging Ahead of and around underground infrastructure) is to provide a seismic characterization at the meso scale and to investigate the feasibility of tomographic and reflection imaging in argillaceous environments. The survey covered the different facies types of Opalinus Clay: shaly facies, carbonate -rich sandy facies and sandy facies (Bossart et al. 2017). Three different seismic sources (impact, vibro, ELVIS) were used to acquire the seismic data. The impact and magnetostrictive vibro sources were particularly designed for seismic exploration in the underground (Giese et al. 2005, Richter et al. 2018). The ELVIS source was mainly designed for near-surface investigations on roads or in open terrain (Krawczyk et al. 2012). All data were recorded on 32 3-component geophones (GS-14-L3, 28 Hz) which were deployed in 2 m deep boreholes, fixed at the tip of rock anchors. The data publication covers raw and preprocessed data stored in SEG-Y format.

Geophysical Imaging of Deep EarthShape (GIDES): Controlled source seismic data of Santa Gracia, Chile

The dataset contains the seismic weight drop data acquired in Private Reserve Santa Gracia, Chile. The data acquisition was conducted as a part of the EarthShape project in the subproject of Geophysical Imaging of the Deep EarthShape (GIDES). The seismic line was setup to cut across an existing borehole location with core and geophysical logging data available (Krone et al., 2021; Weckmann et al., 2020). The data was acquired to image the deep weathering zone identified by the borehole data across the seismic profile. Included in the datasets are the raw data of the CUBE data logger, SEG-Y data of the recorded shots, and the shot and receiver geometry data. A vital aspect of comprehending the interplay between geological and biological processes lies in the imaging of the critical zone, located deep beneath the surface, where the transition from unaltered bedrock to fragmented regolith occurs. It had been hypothesized that the depth of such weathering zone is dependent on the climate condition of the area. A more humid climate with higher precipitation will result in a deeper weathering front. As a part of the EarthShape project (SPP-1803 ‘EarthShape: Earth Surface Shaping by Biota’), specifically the Geophysical Imaging of the Deep EarthShape (GIDES - Grant No. KR 2073/5-1), we aim to image the weathering zone using the geophysical approach. Using the seismic method, we can differentiate different weathered layers based on the seismic velocity while also providing a 2D subsurface image of the critical zone. We conducted a seismic weight drop experiment in the Private Reserve Santa Gracia, Chile, to observe the depth of the weathering zone in a semi-arid climate and compare the resulting model with existing borehole data (Krone et al., 2021; Weckmann et al., 2020). The acquired data can then be used for multiple seismic imaging techniques, including body wave tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves.

Data of the active and passive seismic experiments on Bornholm in the framework of the GASH project (October 2010 and June 2012) - Datasets

SEG-Y and other supplementary data of the near surface active and passive seismic experiments on Bornholm, Denmark, with the aim of investigating the Alum Shale black shale formation. Presented are data of active weight drop measurements, P-wave and S- wave vibroseis experiments and of ambient noise recordings of two locations in the southern part of Bornholm. The corresponding experiments were carried out in October 2010 and in June 2012.

Seismic repeat survey acquired in the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory (URL), Switzerland

The dataset contains SEG-Y data of a 3D seismic in situ experiment in the Mont Terri URL, Switzerland. The data were acquired using a pneumatic impact source and 3-C geophones, installed in boreholes or on the tunnel wall. The data publication covers the raw data (individual hits per shot point) and the vertically stacked data stored in SEG-Y format. The survey geometry (source coordinates, receiver coordinates) is included.

Seismic imaging of the overdeepened basin of Lienz (Austria)

In 2016, the Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (Hannover, Germany) carried out two seismic surveys in the Lienz basin. The measurements are part of a DFG-funded project, which investigates the benefit of the application of modern multi-component reflection seismics preparatory to scientific drilling, in particular to the ICDP-project DOVE (Drilling Overdeepened Alpine Valleys). Four P-wave seismic profiles, perpendicular to the valley axes, were recorded using vibroseismic technique to gain structure and facies information. In addition, two SH-wave reflection seismics, one 6-component profile, two small 3-D layouts for P-wave and S-waves, as well as one P-wave and SH-wave refraction seismic profiles were measured for primarily methodological studies. Data show a good quality and, in a first quality control, the bedrock as well as internal structures of the basin are imaged.

Wide-angle seismic data (“fixed spread”) from the Oct. 2020 3D survey across the Ivrea Zone, Italy (project SEIZE)

This data publication contains part of a seismic survey collected across the Ivrea Zone, Italy, in October 2020. Within the research project SEIZE (SEismic Imaging of the Ivrea ZonE), this high-resolution seismic campaign investigates the upper 5 km of the subsurface under and around the commune of Balmuccia (Val Sesia, Piemont region). The aim is to provide the best in situ geophysical image and physical properties of the subsurface as well as to calibrate future observations made during the planned ICDP drilling (https://www.icdp-online.org/projects/by-continent/europe/dive-italy, http://www.dive2ivrea.org/). Seismic Data, including raw, mini-seed and SEG-Y files, of a part of a controlled-source 3D survey in Northern Italy, Ivrea Zone, based on 432 Vibroseis sources recorded by a fixed spread of 110 receivers.

Data of shallow seismic profiles in the Alai valley, Kyrgyzstan, collected within the CaTeNA project

The dataset contains waveform data of shallow seismic profiles at two locations in the western part of the Alai valley, Kyrgyzstan. At each location a “long” profile (~5 km and ~2.5 km length, respectively) and one or two short profiles (~120 m and ~250 m) were acquired, centered on known or presumed tectonic faults. As sources, a trailer-mounted weight drop and a hammer were used. The measurements were part of the CaTeNA project. Within the sub-project "The recent deformation in the Pamir based on seismic and geodetic data, dynamic landslide-susceptibility and risk analysis, and seismic imaging of the North Pamir Thrust", which forms part of the international and interdisciplinary CaTeNA project (Climatic and Tectonic Natural Hazards in Central Asia), shallow seismic profiling at two locations has been carried out in the Alai Valley, southern Kyrgyzstan, to investigate the spatio-temporal evolution of the Pamir Frontal Thrust (PFT). Eight seismic profiles were acquired in September 2019 at two locations in the western part of the Alai valley, (1) in the village of Achyk Suu and b) at the Koman fault (SSW of the village of Kashka Suu). At each location a long profile (5 and 2.5km, respectively) and one or two short profiles (~250m) across interesting (presumed) fault structures were acquired.

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