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Kiel Bight sediment core liner water-column data from sediment core incubation experiment in 2025

This dataset consists of water chemistry from within three calcite amended and three reference sediment cores from Kiel Bight from February 2025. Dissolved oxygen was monitored non-invasively using optical sensor spots (OXSP5, PyroScience) at 5cm above the sediment. Total alkalinity and calcium ion concentration were measured at regular intervals over four weeks, covering sediment settlement, calcite amendment, deoxygenation and reoxygenated phases. Water exchanges with nitrogen (N2) deoxygenated seawater-maintained calcite dissolution and N2 was determined at the end of the experiment. The dataset enables reconstruction of alkalinity generation, calcium release and oxygen dynamics during enhanced benthic weathering. This is supporting the assessments of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) efficiency and benthic dynamics.

CO2-Entnahme durch Alkalinitätserhöhung - Potenzial, Nutzen und Risiken, Vorhaben: Fischereimanagement unter Unsicherheit

Alkalinity concentrations from two benthic chambers and the ambient bottom water during an in-situ incubation experiment in July 2025

The dataset contains total alkalinity measurements from water samples collected during a 16-day in-situ incubation experiment in the Baltic Sea (2025-07-12 to 2025-07-29). Samples were collected using an automated glass-syringe sampler deployed within two benthic chambers of a Biogeochemical Observatory (BIGO, Sommer et al., 2009) at 54° 34.432' N, 10° 10.776' E, at 22 m water depth. In one chamber, 29 g of fine calcite powder were added to the bottom water. Seven samples per chamber and from the ambient bottom water were taken to monitor alkalinity changes resulting from calcite dissolution, providing a direct measure of the ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE)

Processed flow discharge data from the Neu Darchau gauging station between 1969 and 2019

The dataset includes processed flow discharge data from Neu Darchau gauging station (Elbe-km 536.4) that provided hydrological information for calculating alkalinity transport potential. The monthly sums were calculated from daily mean discharge measurements from Neu Darchau (station number: 6340110) available from the Global Runoff Data Centre (https://grdc.bafg.de/).

Umweltinformationen zum Vorhaben Kraftwerk Mehrum — CO₂-Jahresemissionen und Folgekosten

auf Grundlage des Umweltinformationsgesetzes (UIG) bzw. des einschlägigen Landesumweltinformationsgesetzes bitte ich zu dem Vorhaben Kraftwerk Mehrum (EPH, ca. 1200 MW elektrisch), das sich nach meinem Kenntnisstand in dem Vorbescheidsverfahren befindet, um folgende Umweltinformationen: 1. Welche CO₂-Jahresemissionen (in Tonnen pro Jahr) sind in den Antragsunterlagen, im UVP-Bericht oder in den bisher ergangenen Bescheiden für die Anlage angegeben bzw. prognostiziert? 2. Liegen Ihnen aus dem Verfahren Unterlagen oder Bewertungen zu den Folgekosten dieser Emissionen vor — insbesondere zu den Kosten einer späteren Entnahme des emittierten CO₂ aus der Atmosphäre (Carbon Dioxide Removal, vgl. § 3b KSG und VO (EU) 2021/1119)? 3. Falls ja: Bitte übersenden Sie mir diese Unterlagen bzw. benennen Sie die Fundstellen. Falls nein: Bitte bestätigen Sie, dass eine Ermittlung oder Bewertung dieser Folgekosten im Verfahren nicht stattgefunden hat. Es handelt sich um Informationen über Umweltbestandteile (§ 2 Abs. 3 Nr. 1 UIG) und über Maßnahmen, die sich auf diese auswirken (§ 2 Abs. 3 Nr. 3 UIG). Ich bitte um Antwort innerhalb der gesetzlichen Frist von einem Monat (§ 3 Abs. 3 UIG). Übermittlung in elektronischer Form genügt.

Umweltinformationen zum Vorhaben Kraftwerk Schkopau — CO₂-Jahresemissionen und Folgekosten

auf Grundlage des Umweltinformationsgesetzes (UIG) bzw. des einschlägigen Landesumweltinformationsgesetzes bitte ich zu dem Vorhaben Kraftwerk Schkopau (Saale Energie, ca. 783 MW elektrisch), das sich nach meinem Kenntnisstand in dem laufenden Genehmigungsverfahren befindet, um folgende Umweltinformationen: 1. Welche CO₂-Jahresemissionen (in Tonnen pro Jahr) sind in den Antragsunterlagen, im UVP-Bericht oder in den bisher ergangenen Bescheiden für die Anlage angegeben bzw. prognostiziert? 2. Liegen Ihnen aus dem Verfahren Unterlagen oder Bewertungen zu den Folgekosten dieser Emissionen vor — insbesondere zu den Kosten einer späteren Entnahme des emittierten CO₂ aus der Atmosphäre (Carbon Dioxide Removal, vgl. § 3b KSG und VO (EU) 2021/1119)? 3. Falls ja: Bitte übersenden Sie mir diese Unterlagen bzw. benennen Sie die Fundstellen. Falls nein: Bitte bestätigen Sie, dass eine Ermittlung oder Bewertung dieser Folgekosten im Verfahren nicht stattgefunden hat. Es handelt sich um Informationen über Umweltbestandteile (§ 2 Abs. 3 Nr. 1 UIG) und über Maßnahmen, die sich auf diese auswirken (§ 2 Abs. 3 Nr. 3 UIG). Ich bitte um Antwort innerhalb der gesetzlichen Frist von einem Monat (§ 3 Abs. 3 UIG). Übermittlung in elektronischer Form genügt.

Particulate fucoidan concentrations during 24-days of incubations in mesocosm experiments with brown algae

Six mesocosm experiments with specimens of Fucales or Laminariales were conducted across six georegions (3 mesocosms with brown algae, 3 mesocosms without brown algae). Incubations lasted 24 days, followed by a year-long monitoring of incubation water. During the first 12 days, brown algae were maintained in mesocosms adjacent to control mesocosms, with 1 L of water sampled every second day. Half of the mesocosm water was replaced with fresh seawater after each sampling. Environmental conditions and primary productivity of specimens was recorded during the incubation. After 12 days, specimens were removed and incubation continued for another 12 days, maintaing the same sampling routine. At the end of the 24 day- incubation period, long-term monitoring was set-up with 6-10L of incubation water in two different conditions: one exposed to a controlled light cycle at 20°C, the second set in darkness at 4°C with added nutrients (40 µM NO3- and 3µM PO43-). Additional water samples were collected along transects extending from near-shore brown algae poplulations. Water samples were filtered over pre-combusted GFF filters (450°C, 4.5h), and both the filtrate and filters were analysed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC). Fucoidan was quantified in dissolved (>1kDa) fraction and surface active fraction (SAF) (> 1kDa and negative charged fraction purified with anion exchange chromatography) fractions through monosaccharide quantification after acid-hydrolysis (100°C, 24h) using HPAEC-PAD, according to Engel and Händel, 2011. Intact polysaccharides were detected using structure-sensitive monoclonal antibodies (Torode et al., 2015; Vidal-Melgosa et al., 2021). Microbial cells were quantified using DAPI-cell staining and counting. Semi-quantitative measurements of particulate fucoidan were performed via acid hydrolysis of GFF filter pieces, followed by monosaccharide analysis via HPAEC-PAD. Sedimented particles to bottom of mesocosms were scooped out on day 24 for monosaccharide analysis and BAM1 antibody binding specific to fucoidan.

KOSMOS 2023 Helgoland mesocosm study on ocean alkalinity enhancement: dissolved inorganic nutrients, chlorophyll a and suspended particulate organic matter

We conducted a mesocosm study to investigate ecosystem responses to ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) in the temperate waters of the German North Sea on Helgoland in spring 2023. We simulated non-CO2-equilibrated OAE via calcium hydroxide through the addition of calcium chloride and sodium hydroxide. Twelve 6 m³ mesocosms were used to simulate two scenarios: in six mesocosms we established a gradient of added alkalinity from 0 to 1250 µmol/kg in increments of 250 µmol/kg, simulating immediate (imm) dilution of alkalised waters. For the second set of six mesocosms, alkalinity was added only to the top 1 m of each mesocosm, doubling the target added alkalinity. The top layer was mixed with the untreated bottom layer after 48 hours, simulating delayed dilution of alkalised waters (del) and ultimately leading to the same alkalinity gradient as the immediate dilution treatment. This data contains water column biogeochemical variables, including dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations (µmol/L), chlorophyll a concentrations (µg/L) and suspended particulate matter (biogenic silica, particulate organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphate; µmol/L). Nutrients, particulate organic phosphate and biogenic silica were measured spectrophotometrically (Unicam UV 300, Thermo Spectronic, USA). High-performance liquid chromatography (Thermo Scientific HPLC Ultimate 3000) was performed for chlorophyll a determination and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen were measured using an elemental analyser (Flash EA, Thermo Fisher).

Kiel Bight microprofiling data from sediment core incubation experiment in 2025

This dataset consists of high-resolution electrochemical microprofiles of sulfide, oxygen, pH and redox potential from sediment core incubation experiment with one calcite amended and one untreated reference core. Measurements used 50 µm tip microsensors (SULF-50, OX-50, pH-50, RD-50; Unisense A/S) with a motorized micromanipulator (250 µm steps, 5.5 cm profiles). Duplicate profiles were measured and this dataset resolves vertical gradient across the sediment-water interface. These datasets provide insights into how carbonate addition alters redox stratification and pH-dynamics in benthic systems following perturbation of temporal equilibrium, supporting interpretation of associated microbial community and activity data.

Particulate organic carbon measurements during 24-days of incubations in mesocosm experiments with brown algae

Six mesocosm experiments with specimens of Fucales or Laminariales were conducted across six georegions (3 mesocosms with brown algae, 3 mesocosms without brown algae). Incubations lasted 24 days, followed by a year-long monitoring of incubation water. During the first 12 days, brown algae were maintained in mesocosms adjacent to control mesocosms, with 1 L of water sampled every second day. Half of the mesocosm water was replaced with fresh seawater after each sampling. Environmental conditions and primary productivity of specimens was recorded during the incubation. After 12 days, specimens were removed and incubation continued for another 12 days, maintaing the same sampling routine. At the end of the 24 day- incubation period, long-term monitoring was set-up with 6-10L of incubation water in two different conditions: one exposed to a controlled light cycle at 20°C, the second set in darkness at 4°C with added nutrients (40 µM NO3- and 3µM PO43-). Additional water samples were collected along transects extending from near-shore brown algae poplulations. Water samples were filtered over pre-combusted GFF filters (450°C, 4.5h), and both the filtrate and filters were analysed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC). Fucoidan was quantified in dissolved (>1kDa) fraction and surface active fraction (SAF) (> 1kDa and negative charged fraction purified with anion exchange chromatography) fractions through monosaccharide quantification after acid-hydrolysis (100°C, 24h) using HPAEC-PAD, according to Engel and Händel, 2011. Intact polysaccharides were detected using structure-sensitive monoclonal antibodies (Torode et al., 2015; Vidal-Melgosa et al., 2021). Microbial cells were quantified using DAPI-cell staining and counting. Semi-quantitative measurements of particulate fucoidan were performed via acid hydrolysis of GFF filter pieces, followed by monosaccharide analysis via HPAEC-PAD. Sedimented particles to bottom of mesocosms were scooped out on day 24 for monosaccharide analysis and BAM1 antibody binding specific to fucoidan.

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