In extension of a previous project dedicated to study the genetic diversity of the so-called Tugai forests in the extremely arid Tarim basin of Chinas Xinjiang province, we want to investigate reproductive biology and the performance of sexes in Populus euphratica, as well as the gene flow between stands to explain the high degree of genetic diversity distributed within stands. This should allow deriving sound recommendations for a conservation strategy of the Tugai forests. In addition, we want to extent the existing body of data on mapped and genotyped old-growth stands to derive a sex aggregation index and show its usefulness for estimating stand clonality by comparison with the clonality index derived from microsatellite genotyping. Due to a change of methods for genotyping (from AFLP to a high-throughput microsatellite multiplex PCR) we saved money to genotype three more stands. This will provide consumables for one Ph.D. student (currently payed by a scholarship from the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) to complete her Ph.D. thesis.
Wetland vegetation support a high biodiversity and plays an important ecological and hydrological roles in the environment. Hangzhou city with highly significant wetland vegetation biodiversity, lies in Zhejiang province, is very famous in China. The wetland areas are 28.9x104 ha, about 17.4Prozent of total area of Hangzhou city. The types of wetland vegetation are multiplicity and the vegetation biodiversity is abundant. But with the rapid urbanization process in Hangzhou city, the decrease of wetland areas in peri-urban region constitutes a severe problem, which will eventually lead to the loss of wetland vegetation biodiversity and its functions. So it is very important to carry out a project on the research of wetland vegetation biodiversity conservation and sustainable use in Hangzhou city. Its very significant for wetland vegetation biodiversity conservation and sustainable development, improvement of peri-urban ecosystem services and life quality.The project long term goal is to secure the conservation of globally significant wetland vegetation biodiversity in China and establish wetland vegetation biodiversity conservation and sustainable use as a routine consideration in national, provincial and local government decision making and action. The objective is providing science reference for Hangzhou government supporting policy of the urban wetland vegetation biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.
Auf mehreren Reisen konnte der Antragsteller eine spärliche, aber durchaus vielfältige Vegetation auf den Obermoränen (nicht Toteisfelder) verschiedener Gletscher im Karakorum, westlichen Kunlun, in den südchilenischen Anden und am Mount Rainier feststellen. Über entsprechende Pflanzenvorkommen wurden ihm aus dem nepalesischen Himalaya und vom Gongga Shan in Südchina berichtet. Die vorgesehenen Untersuchungen dienen der Erfassung von Arteninventaren und -mustern sowie der Ermittlung von Überlebensstrategien von Pflanzen und ökologischen Parametern auf den extremen Standorten. Als Arbeitsgebiete sind für mehrmonatige Untersuchungen der Mount Rainier, für einmonatige der Tronador ausgewählt; von beiden Fällen unter ozeanisch-feuchten Klimabedingungen sind recht dichte Pflanzenbestände durch eigene Begehungen bekannt. Für Studien in den monsunal-wechselfeuchten Subtropen bietet sich der Gongga Shan an, wo deutliche Feuchtigkeitskontraste zu verschieden mächtigen Blockauflagen führen. Die Arbeiten sollen im Rahmen kostengünstiger Reisen in getrennten Arbeitsgruppen erfolgen.
The objective of this study is to present an alternative and more realistic view of the chances of the future uses of renewable energies in the global energy supply. The scenarios in this study are based on the analysis of the development and market penetration of renewable energy technologies in different regions in the last few decades. The scenarios address the question of how fast renewable technologies might be implemented on a worldwide scale and project the costs this would incur. Many factors, such as technology costs and costreduction ratios, investments and varying economic conditions in the worlds regions, available potentials, and characteristics of growth have been incorporated in order to fulfil this task. Off course the scenarios describe two possible developments among other possibilities, but they represent realistic possibilities that give reason for optimism. The results of both scenarios show that - until 2030 - renewable capacities can be extended by a far greater amount and that it is much cheaper than most scientist and people actually think. The scenarios do explicitly not describe a maximum possible development from the technological perspective but show that much can be achieved with even moderate investments. The scenarios do not pay attention to the further development of Hydropower, except for incorporating the extensions that are planned actually. This is not done to express our disbelief in the existence of additional potentials or to ignore Hydropower, but due to the fact that reliable data about sustainable Hydropower potentials were not available. Consequently, the figures in this study show how much can be achieved, even if Hydropower remains on today's levels more or less. Higher investments into single technologies, e.g. Hydropower or Biomass, or in general than assumed in the REO 2030 scenarios will result in higher generating capacities by 2030. On the global scale scenario results for 2030 show a 29 percent renewable supply of the heat and electricity (final energy demand) in the High Variant . According to the Low Variant over 17 percent of the final electricity and heat demand can be covered by renewable energy technologies. Presuming strong political support and a barrier-free market entrance, the dominating stimulus for extending the generation capacities of renewable technologies is the amount of money invested. Within the REO scenarios we assume a growing 'willingness to pay' for clean, secure and sustainable energy supply starting with a low amount in 2010. This willingness to pay gets expressed as a target level for annual investments per inhabitant (capita) that will be reached by the year 2030. The targeted amounts differ for the various regions of the world. In global average 124 € 2006 are spent in 2030 per capita in the 'High Variant'. In the 'Low Variant' the target for 2030 is half that amount (62 € 2006 per capita and year). ...
This report describes the current state of agriculture in China, focusing on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions it produces and the relevant climate and other socioeconomic policies that affect its development. We identify options that could reduce agricultural emissions and review mitigation potential of those options. Finally, we identify barriers to implementing these mitigation options and some possible solutions to overcoming those barriers. Veröffentlicht in Climate Change | 26/2025.
We study the effects of plants and root-associated fungi on wind erosion within the alpine environment of Tibet. China is one of the countries most affected by desertification processes and Tibet, in particular, a key region in desertification combat. The presented project focuses on the Barkha Plain surrounded by Mount Kailash and the Lake of Manasarovar (Ngari Prefecture). This Western Tibet region experienced little scientific attention but, nowadays, faces rapidly increasing touristic activities and expanding local settlements associated with socio-economic changes that are serious threats to the delicate ecological balance and potential triggers of desertification. It exists almost unanimous agreement that revegetation is the most efficient and promising strategy to combat wind erosion and desertification in the long term. However, re-colonising success is often poor, mainly under extreme environmental conditions. Compared to conventional practices, the approach of the presented project attains better accordance with natural succession processes and promises acceleration of both plant and soil development and, conclusively, more efficient desertification control. The project assesses the potential of native plants and symbiotic fungi to control wind erosion and desertification processes. It aims to identify key plants and fungi that increase soil aggregate stability and efficiently drive succession into a natural and self-maintaining cycle of the ecosystem. Furthermore, it provides crucial information for implementing environmentally compatible and cost-effective measures to protect high-elevation ecosystems against desertification. Within three successional stages (early, intermediate, late), field investigations are performed on the basis of Modified-Whittaker plots. Classic methods of vegetation analysis and myco-sociology are combined with analysis of distribution patterns at different scales (patchiness, connectivity). Comprehensive soil analysis is performed comprising grain size distribution, aggregate stability, pH as well as water and nutrient contents. Additionally, important parameters of wind erosion are measured concurrently and continuously to assess their magnitude and variability with respect to vegetation and soil at different levels of development. The parameters addressed, include sediment transport, air temperature, radiation, precipitation, relative humidity as well as speed and direction of wind. Surface moisture is recorded periodically and roughness described. Species and environmental parameters are checked for spatial correlation. Cutting edge technologies are applied in laboratory work, comprising molecular methods for fungal species identification and micro-tomography to analyse soil structure. Furthermore, successfully cultivated fungi and plants are subject of synthesis experiments and industrial propagation in view of practical implementation in restoration measures.
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