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Bestimmung des Chironomidenmaterials der freien Fliessstrecke der Donau und Erstellung eines verbaucherorientierten Bestimmungsschluessels (Altenwoerth)

Individual valve counts of diatoms in sediment core Haem13 from lake Hämelsee

This dataset provides counts of diatom valves for the Lateglacial sediment sequence retrieved from Lake Hämelsee (Germany) in 2013. Counts per taxon are presented against both depth (m) and age (cal yr. BP). The diatom data provides information on Lateglacial ecosystem dynamics and the dataset was used to interpret changes in aquatic diversity as well as in palaeolimnological conditions. A total of 78 samples were selected for diatom analysis using 2-5 cm sample intervals throughout the Lateglacial section of the core sequence, with a higher sampling resolution (1 cm intervals) around key transitions. Organic matter was removed from the samples (ca. 0.01 grams dried sediment) by oxidation using 5 ml of H2O2 (30%) and heating in a water bath at 70 °C for 24-28 hrs. Subsequently, a few drops of HCl (50%) were added to remove residual H2O2 and carbonates. Samples were washed by adding distilled water, shaking vigorously, centrifuging at 1200 rpm for 4 minutes, and removing the liquid using a pipette. This process was repeated 5 times, and a few drops of ammonia (NH3) were added to the solution prior to the final wash to prevent clumping of diatoms. Diatom slides were mounted using Naphrax and diatoms were identified using Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1986–1991) and Camburn and Charles (2000). For several samples the target count sum of 300 diatom valves could not be reached due to low concentrations or poor diatom preservation. Prior to analysis and interpretation, and where possible, neighbouring samples with a low count sum were amalgamated until a count of at least 100 valves was reached; if this was not possible the samples were deleted from our dataset prior to subsequent analysis (note that these samples are still included in the dataset provided here). All analyses were performed in the laboratories of University College London, UK.

GDGTs in sediment core Haem13 from lake Hämelsee

This dataset provides glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) concentrations for the Lateglacial sediment sequence retrieved from Lake Hämelsee (Germany) in 2013. GDGTs concentrations (ng/g) are presented against both depth (m) and age (cal yr. BP). The GDGTs dataset was used to calculate the GDGT-0/crenarchaeol ratio, which was interpreted to represent lake water oxygenation, which, given the local settings, was likely driven by changes in windiness. Additionally, the GDGT dataset was used to calculate the degree of methylation of 5-methyl brGDGTs (MBT'5me), which can be used to reconstruct past temperature change through translation MBT'5me into mean temperature of the months above freezing. As such, the GDGT data provides information on LGIT climate dynamics at lake Hämelsee. Of the 167 samples used for lipid extraction (see https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.964524), the alcohol/fatty acid fraction of 94 samples was further processed to analyse glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), which are membrane lipids of certain archaea and bacteria (Schouten et al., 2013). In short, a known amount of internal standard was added to each fraction, which was then redissolved in hexane:isopropanol 99:1 and passed over a 0.45 µm PTFE filter prior to injection on a Agilent 1260 Infinity ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph coupled to an Agilent 6130 single quadrupole mass spectrometer following the settings and elution protocol of Hopmans et al. (2016). A minimum peak area of 3000 and a signal-to-noise ratio of >3 was maintained as detection limit. Quantification of the GDGTs is based on the assumption that the mass spectrometer equally responds to the GDGTs and the internal standard. All analyses were performed in the laboratories of Utrecht University, the Netherlands.

Chironomidae whole or half head capsules counts in sediment core Haem13 from lake Hämelsee

This dataset provides counts of chironomid head capsules for the Lateglacial sediment sequence retrieved from Lake Hämelsee (Germany) in 2013. Counts per taxon are presented against both depth (m) and age (cal yr. BP), and the total amount of material used for analysis (in g) is provided as well. The chironomid data provides information on Lateglacial ecosystem dynamics and were used to interpret changes in aquatic diversity as well as in local climate conditions. A total of 123 samples from the Lateglacial section of the core were treated with warm KOH (10%) to de-flocculate the material and subsequently rinsed through a sieve with a 100-µm mesh. Chironomid head capsules (HCs) were hand-picked from the residue using a Bogorov sorting tray and mounted on permanent microscope slides using Euparal mounting medium. HCs were identified using Brooks et al. (2007) and the dataset presented here has been matched to the taxonomy of the merged Norwegian/Swiss chironomid-climate calibration dataset. Several samples had low chironomid concentrations and for these we amalgamated adjacent samples (within lithological boundaries) to reach a minimum count sum of 50 head capsules per sample. This process resulted in the final chironomid dataset that is presented here, containing 97 samples. All analyses were performed in the laboratories of the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Dry mass concentrations of individual n-alkanes in sediment core Haem13 from lake Hämelsee

This dataset provides concentrations of n-alkanes for the Lateglacial sediment sequence retrieved from Lake Hämelsee (Germany) in 2013. Concentrations of n-alkanes (ug/g), the Carbon Preference Index (CPI) and the Average Chain Length C21-C33 (ACL) are all presented against both depth (m) and age (cal yr. BP). The n-alkane concentration data provides information on the Lateglacial dynamics of local plant productivity, whereas the ACL and CPI of the sediment samples were determined to estimate origin and preservation condition. A total of 167 samples from the Lateglacial section of the core were processed using a Dionex 350 accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) system. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used to separate the extracts into an aliphatic, aromatic and alcohol/fatty acid fraction. Separation was achieved by loading the extracts on activated silica columns and eluting each fraction with hexane, hexane/DCM (1:1 v/v) and DCM/MeOH (9:1 v/v) successively. The aliphatic fraction, containing the n-alkanes, was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The peak areas for each n-alkane homologue were compared to the peak areas from an internal standard (5α-androstane) and an external n-alkane standard mixture for absolute quantification. We refer to Rach et al. (2020) for further details on the exact analytical setup. All measurements were performed in the laboratories of GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam.

δDeuterium measurements of selected n-alkanes (corrected to the VSMOW scale) in sediment core Haem13 from lake Hämelsee

This dataset provides delta-Deuterium data for the Lateglacial sediment sequence retrieved from Lake Hämelsee (Germany) in 2013. Compound-specific hydrogen isotope ratios (expressed as δD) normalized to the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW) as well as measurement uncertainties (expressed as SD) are presented against both depth (m) and age (cal yr. BP). The data provides information on the Lateglacial development of local climate dynamics: the plant-wax derived δD signal is typically considered to reflect the hydrogen-isotopic composition of plant leaf water and, by extension, precipitation. We therefore interpret the trends in δD record here as an indicator of past hydrological change (cf Sachse et al., 2012). A total of 167 samples from the Lateglacial section of the core were processed using a Dionex 350 accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) system. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used to separate the extracts into an aliphatic, aromatic and alcohol/fatty acid fraction. Prior to isotope ratio measurement, the aliphatic fraction was further fractionated on a Pasteur pipette column containing activated AgNO3 (10%) coated silica gel. Compound-specific hydrogen isotope ratios (expressed as δD) were subsequently measured on an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. All δD values are normalized to the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW) scale using a linear regression function between measured and certified δD values of a standard mix. We refer to Rach et al. (2020) for further details on the exact analytical setup. All measurements were performed in the laboratories of GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam.

Interstadiale und interglaziale Perioden der spätquartären Umweltgeschichte der Arktis rekonstruiert aus Bioindikatoren in Permafrostsequenzen NE Sibiriens

Für die Prognose zukünftiger Klimaänderungen und ihrer Auswirkungen auf Geoökosysteme ist das Verständnis vergangener Klima- und Umweltveränderungen eine unerlässliche Voraussetzung. Von besonderem Interesse sind dabei verschiedene wärmere Klimaphasen der quartären Vergangenheit, die als vergleichbare Szenarien für die Klimaerwärmungen in der näheren Zukunft betrachtet werden können. Spätquartäre Umwelt- und Klimaveränderungen in der sibirischen Arktis und deren Hinterland seit der Saale-Kaltzeit werden unter Nutzung von Mikrofossilanalysen (Pollen, Chironomiden, Rhizopoden) und Altersbestimmungen (14C-, 230Th/U, IRSL, IR-RF) an Permafrostsequenzen und Seeablagerungen in Nordostsibirien und Zentraljakutien untersucht. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Rekonstruktion und dem Vergleich von interglazialen (Kazantsevo (Eem), Holozän) und interstadialen (Kargin (Denekamp), Alleröd) Perioden als mögliche Szenarien für eine zukünftige Klimaerwärmung. Der geochronologische Rahmen wird mit 230Th/U-Datierungen an Permafrosttorfen und 14C-Datierungen erstellt. Mit Hilfe von Transferfunktionen werden Klimadaten im Bezug zu regionalen Referenzdatensätzen (Pollen, Chironomiden) für verschiedene Zeiträume rekonstruiert. Zur Verbesserung der numerischen Klimarekonstruktion für den eurasischen Kontinent müssen diese Datensätze um Standorte aus den innerkontinentalen Gebieten Jakutiens erweitert werden. Die Vegetationsrekonstruktionen und kalkulierte Paläoklimadaten sollen mit Simulationsergebnissen des globalen Klimasystemmodells CLIMBER-2 verglichen und damit mögliche Ursachen für die beobachteten Klimaänderungen abgeschätzt werden.

Lake Hämelsee: Lateglacial sedimentological, palaeoecological and geochemical data

This dataset provides the sedimentological, palaeoecological and geochemical data for the Lateglacial sediment sequence retrieved from Lake Hämelsee (Germany) in 2013. Loss-on-ignition, XRF, n-alkane, delta-Deuterium and GDGT measurements as well as counts of chironomids, diatoms and Pediastrum are presented against both depth (m) and age (cal yr. BP). The data provides information on the Lateglacial development of the landscape around lake Hämelsee, the local climate dynamics, and the changes in the lake ecosystem itself and has been used to identify the effects of external drivers on biodiversity parameters (alpha diversity, compositional turnover and productivity). Cores were retrieved from the lake using a 3-m long UWITEC piston corer deployed from a floating coring platform during field work in July 2013. Following LOI analysis, ITRAX core scanning and sampling for thin section analysis, core segments spanning between 1325-1687 cm sediment depth were subsampled into contiguous 1-cm-thick subsamples. These subsamples formed the basis for the subsequent chronological, sedimentological and palaeoecological analyses and were processed in various laboratories as specified below. Where appropriate, datasets are processed through amalgamation of consecutive samples to e.g. ensure high count sums or concentrations.

Oekotoxikologie von Pflanzenschutzmittelkombinationen in Oberflaechengewaessern

Die oekotoxikologische Relevanz von Pflanzenschutzmittelkombinationen, wie man sie in Oberflaechengewaessern messen kann, wird mit Daphnien und Chironomiden untersucht. Bisher wurden rein additive Effekte, aber kein Synergismus festgestellt.

MOLAR: Measuring and Modelling the Dynamic Response of Remote Mountain Lake Ecosystems to Environmental Change - A Programme of Mountain Lake Research

'- Study of relationship between climate records for mountain weather stations with those for lowland stations, - assessment of the physical, chemical, and biological seasonal variabbility of non-polluted remote lakes by intensive sampling and analysis - study of the relationship between the distribution of the primary biological constituents of mountain lake ecosystems that form the most important groups in the sediment cores (i.e. diatoms. chrysophytes, cladocera, chironomids and measured environmental summary variables, - study underlying trends and natural variability in climate from the fine-detail analysis of the uppermost sediment (last 200 years), - comparison of the sediment record with instrumental records of temperature and precipitation, - calibrate and validate the DYRESM and AQUASIM models and run these models using alternative scenarios for future climate.

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