Die Messstelle oh. KA Gennach (Messstellen-Nr: 143030) befindet sich im Gewässer Gennach. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des chemischen Zustands.
Die Messstelle oh Wehr Ornbau (Messstellen-Nr: 194191) befindet sich im Gewässer Altmühl. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des chemischen Zustands.
Die Messstelle Zulauf Rothsee Wegbr (Messstellen-Nr: 128847) befindet sich im Gewässer Roth. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des chemischen Zustands.
Die Messstelle uh. Brücke Walkersaich (Messstellen-Nr: 136256) befindet sich im Gewässer Isen. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des biologischen Zustands, des chemischen Zustands.
Die Messstelle Stadtmühle_Donauwörth (Messstellen-Nr: 110232) befindet sich im Gewässer Wörnitz. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des chemischen Zustands.
Background Exposure to various pesticides, such as pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos, has been previously associated with adverse effects on children's health. Scientific evidence on the human toxicity of glyphosate (GLY) and its primary metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is limited, particularly for children. This study aimed to i) assess the exposure determinants of the studied pesticides measured in children in Cyprus, and ii) determine the association between the urinary pesticides and the biomarkers of DNA and lipid oxidative damage. Methods A children's health study was set up in Cyprus (ORGANIKO study) by aligning it with the methodology and tools used in the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU). Urinary GLY and AMPA, pyrethroid metabolites and the chlorpyrifos metabolite TCPy were measured in 177 children aged 10-11 years old, using mass spectrometry. Oxidative stress was assessed with 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a (8-iso-PGF2a) as a marker of lipid damage and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a DNA oxidative damage marker, both measured with immunoassays. Questionnaires about demographic characteristics, pesticide usage, and dietary habits were filled out by the parents. Multivariable regression models examined associations between pesticides and biomarkers of effect using two creatinine adjustments (cr1: adding it as covariate and cr2: biomarkers of exposure and effect were creatinine-adjusted). Results Parental educational level was a significant predictor of urinary pyrethroids but not for GLY/AMPA. Median [interquartile range, IQR] values for GLY and AMPA were <LOQ [<LOQ, 0.19] (micro)g/L and 0.18 [0.10, 0.29] (micro)g/L, respectively, while a moderate correlation was shown between GLY and AMPA (r = 0.45). 8-OHdG was positively associated with AMPA (beta = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.31, p = 0.03 cr2, and beta = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.0,0.24, p = 0.06, cr1), albeit not with GLY (p > 0.05). Similar significant associations with 8-OHdG were shown for a pyrethroid metabolite (3-PBA) and the chlorpyrifos metabolite (TCPy). No associations were observed between the aforementioned pesticides and 8-iso-PGF2a (p > 0.05). Conclusions This is the first children's health dataset demonstrating the association between AMPA and DNA oxidative damage, globally. More data is needed to replicate the observed trends in other children's populations around the globe. © 2022 The Authors
The risk assessment of pesticide residues in food is a key priority in the area of food safety. Most jurisdictions have implemented pre-marketing authorization processes, which are supported by prospective risk assessments. These prospective assessments estimate the expected residue levels in food combining results from residue trials, resembling the pesticide use patterns, with food consumption patterns, according to internationally agreed procedures. In addition, jurisdictions such as the European Union (EU) have implemented large monitoring programs, measuring actual pesticide residue levels in food, and are supporting large-scale human biomonitoring programs for confirming the actual exposure levels and potential risk for consumers. The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos offers an interesting case study, as in the last decade, its acceptable daily intake (ADI) has been reduced several times following risk assessments by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This process has been linked to significant reductions in the use authorized in the EU, reducing consumers exposure progressively, until the final ban in 2020, accompanied by setting all EU maximum residue levels (MRL) in food at the default value of 0.01 mg/kg. We present a comparison of estimates of the consumerââą Ìs internal exposure to chlorpyrifos based on the urinary marker 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), using two sources of monitoring data: monitoring of the food chain from the EU program and biomonitoring of European citizens from the HB4EU project, supported by a literature search. Both methods confirmed a drastic reduction in exposure levels from 2016 onwards. The margin of exposure approach is then used for conducting retrospective risk assessments at different time points, considering the evolution of our understanding of chlorpyrifos toxicity, as well as of exposure levels in EU consumers following the regulatory decisions. Concerns are presented using a color code, and have been identified for almost all studies, particularly for the highest exposed group, but at different levels, reaching the maximum level, red code, for children in Cyprus and Israel. The assessment uncertainties are highlighted and integrated in the identification of levels of concern. © 2022 by the authors.
Mathematical models within the General Unified Threshold models of Survival (GUTS) framework translate time-variable chemical exposure information into expected survival of animals. The GUTS models are species and compound specific and explicitly describe the internal exposure dynamics in an organism (toxicokinetics) and the related damage and effect dynamics (toxicodynamics), thereby connecting the external exposure concentration dynamics with the simulated mortality or immobility over time. In a recent scientific opinion on toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models published by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the GUTS modeling framework was considered ready for use in the aquatic risk assessment for pesticides and aquatic fauna. The GUTS models are suggested for use in risk assessment, if they are sufficiently validated for a specific substance-species combination. This paper aims to illustrate how they can be used in the regulatory environmental risk assessment for pesticides for a specific type of refinement, that is, when risks are triggered by lower tiers in acute as well as in chronic risk assessment and mortality or immobility is the critical endpoint. This approach involves the evaluation of time-variable exposure regimes in a so-called "Tier-2C" assessment. The insecticide chlorpyrifos was selected as an example compound because a large data set was available. The GUTS models for 13 different freshwater arthropods and 8 different theoretical aquatic exposure profiles were used to calculate a series of GUTS-based risk estimates, including exposure profile-specific multiplication factors leading to 50% mortality or immobility at the end of the tested profile (LP50/EP50) as "margins of safety". To put the use of GUTS models within the tiered aquatic risk assessment into perspective, GUTS models for the 13 aquatic arthropods were also used to predict the environmental risks of a measured chlorpyrifos exposure profile from an experimental ditch study (Tier-3 approach), and the results are discussed in the context of calibration of the tiered approach. © 2020 The Authors.
Tarazona, J. V.; Gonzalez-Caballero, M. D. C.; Alba-Gonzalez, M.; Pedraza-Diaz, S.; Canas, A.; Dominguez-Morueco, N.; Esteban-Lopez, M.; Cattaneo, I.; Katsonouri, A.; Makris, K. C.; Halldorsson, T. I.; Olafsdottir, K.; Zock, J. P.; Dias, J.; Decker, A.; Morrens, B.; Berman, T.; Barnett-Itzhaki, Z.; Lindh, C.; Gilles, L.; Govarts, E.; Schoeters, G.; Weber, T.; Kolossa-Gehring, M.; Santonen, T.; Castano, A. Toxics 10 (2022); online: 9 Juni 2022 The risk assessment of pesticide residues in food is a key priority in the area of food safety. Most jurisdictions have implemented pre-marketing authorization processes, which are supported by prospective risk assessments. These prospective assessments estimate the expected residue levels in food combining results from residue trials, resembling the pesticide use patterns, with food consumption patterns, according to internationally agreed procedures. In addition, jurisdictions such as the European Union (EU) have implemented large monitoring programs, measuring actual pesticide residue levels in food, and are supporting large-scale human biomonitoring programs for confirming the actual exposure levels and potential risk for consumers. The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos offers an interesting case study, as in the last decade, its acceptable daily intake (ADI) has been reduced several times following risk assessments by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This process has been linked to significant reductions in the use authorized in the EU, reducing consumers' exposure progressively, until the final ban in 2020, accompanied by setting all EU maximum residue levels (MRL) in food at the default value of 0.01 mg/kg. We present a comparison of estimates of the consumer's internal exposure to chlorpyrifos based on the urinary marker 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), using two sources of monitoring data: monitoring of the food chain from the EU program and biomonitoring of European citizens from the HB4EU project, supported by a literature search. Both methods confirmed a drastic reduction in exposure levels from 2016 onwards. The margin of exposure approach is then used for conducting retrospective risk assessments at different time points, considering the evolution of our understanding of chlorpyrifos toxicity, as well as of exposure levels in EU consumers following the regulatory decisions. Concerns are presented using a color code, and have been identified for almost all studies, particularly for the highest exposed group, but at different levels, reaching the maximum level, red code, for children in Cyprus and Israel. The assessment uncertainties are highlighted and integrated in the identification of levels of concern. doi: 10.3390/toxics10060313
An der Messstelle Seegraben, uh. L526 zw. Erpolzheim u. Birken werden Zeitreihen abiotischer Parameter gemessen.
| Origin | Count |
|---|---|
| Bund | 10 |
| Land | 45 |
| Type | Count |
|---|---|
| Förderprogramm | 5 |
| Messwerte | 41 |
| Text | 6 |
| unbekannt | 3 |
| License | Count |
|---|---|
| geschlossen | 44 |
| offen | 11 |
| Language | Count |
|---|---|
| Deutsch | 52 |
| Englisch | 5 |
| Resource type | Count |
|---|---|
| Archiv | 1 |
| Datei | 5 |
| Keine | 46 |
| Webseite | 4 |
| Topic | Count |
|---|---|
| Boden | 53 |
| Lebewesen & Lebensräume | 55 |
| Luft | 51 |
| Mensch & Umwelt | 55 |
| Wasser | 52 |
| Weitere | 54 |