Das Projekt "ROBIN - Die Rolle von Biodiversität und Ökosysteme für die Reduktion von Klimawandelfolgen" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Natural Environment Research Council.Um das volle Potential von tropischen Wäldern für die Reduktion von Klimawandelfolgen (CCM) und das Angebot von anderen Ökosystemleistungen unter Bedingungen des globalen Wandels zu verstehen, müssen wir unser Verständnis der Beziehungen zwischen Biodiversität (BD) und sozio-ökologischen Prozessen, durch die wir auf Veränderung reagieren und uns anpassen, verbessern. ROBIN bietet Informationen für Politik- und Ressourcennutzungsoptionen mittels Szenarien des sozio-ökonomischen und klimabezogenem Wandels durch: Quantifizierung von Interaktionen zwischen terrestrischer Biodiversität, Landnutzung und CCM Potential im tropischen Lateinamerika; Entwicklung von Szenarien für CCM Optionen durch eine Evaluation ihrer Effektivität, ihrer unbeabsichtigten Auswirkungen auf andere ökosystemare Leistungen (z.B. Verringerung von Krankheitsfällen) und ihrer sozio-ökologischen Konsequenzen. Erreichen wollen wir das durch die Kombination von neuen Techniken (inkl. Fernerkundung) für Biodiversitätsmessungen in komplexen multi-funktionalen Landschaften, durch datenbasierte Analyse, und durch integrierte Modellierung und partizipative Ansätze auf lokaler und regionaler Ebene. Anhand einer Reihe von Fallbeispielen in Mesoamerika und in Amazonien versuchen wir die Beziehungen zwischen Biodiversität und CCM Optionen und Entwicklungen in der Ernährungspolitik zu verstehen. Diese Studien verbessern unser Wissen zu CCM Optionen, die der von Stakeholdern favorisiert werden, und unser Verständnis für Faktoren, die die Einführung von Ressourcenmanagementstrategien behindern oder fördern.
Das Projekt "Climate change - Learning from the past climate (Past4Future)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universitet Köbenhavn.Objective: Past4Future will combine multidisciplinary paleoclimate records from ice cores, marine cores, speleothems, pollen and other records, concentrating on a global distribution of the records, to reconstruct climate change and variability during the present interglacial (the Holocene) and the last interglacial (known as the Eemian in northwestern Europe and as marine isotope stage 5e in the marine sediment records). The records will be combined in integrated analyses aided by proxy modeling and assimilation, to gain understanding of the climate processes involved in the dynamics of interglacial climates. Earth system models (ESM) including physical and biogeochemical processes will be applied to simulate the past and present interglacial climate, and to confront and intercompare the simulations with climate changes as observed from the palaeodata; this will both advance the models and our understanding of the dynamics and predictability of the climate system. Focus will be on the most recent two interglacial periods, as these provide the highest-resolved most comprehensive data records. Moreover the last interglacial represents a situation where the mean state was warmer than at present in large regions due to orbital forcing, thereby allowing tests of climate system sensitivity to constrain projections of potential future ice sheet, sea-level, circulation and biogeochemical changes. The data and Earth system model results will be used improve our capabilities to project future global and regional warming from a better understanding of relevant paleoclimates, especially in relation to sea level changes, sea ice changes and thermohaline circulation changes. The Past4Future program will draw together a world leading team of European and international partners in a concerted effort to advance our knowledge on the causes, processes and risks of abrupt changes in warm periods, such as those projected for the current and the next century. The program will inform the international debate on climate system stability and the dissemination of results will be targeted to both citizens and governmental and non-governmental stakeholders. It will leave a legacy of improved understanding of past drivers of sea level changes, changes of sea ice, and of greenhouse gas concentrations, and it will train a new generation of young climate researchers to further advance research and improved future predictions for the benefit of society and our capacity to mitigate and adapt to climate changes.
Das Projekt "Pan-European Gas-AeroSol-Climate Interaction Study (PEGASOS)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas.To provide a scientifically sound basis for air quality and climate protection measures the Zeppelin is observing radicals and aerosols in the atmospheric layers close to the ground over Europe. Objective: The Pan-European Gas-AeroSOls-climate interaction Study (PEGASOS) European large scale integrating project brings together most of the leading European research groups, with state-of the-art observational and modelling facilities to: (1) Quantify the magnitude of regional to global feedbacks between atmospheric chemistry and a changing climate and to reduce the corresponding uncertainty of the major ones. (2) Identify mitigation strategies and policies to improve air quality while limiting their impact on climate change. The project is organized into four scientific Themes designed to optimize the integration of methodologies, scales, and ultimately our understanding of air quality and climate interactions: (I) Anthropogenic and biogenic emissions and their response to climate and socio-economy (II) Atmospheric interactions among chemical and physical processes (III) Regional and global links between atmospheric chemistry and climate change (IV) Air quality in a changing climate: Integration with policy PEGASOS will bridge the spatial and temporal scales that connect local surface-air pollutant exchanges, air quality and weather with global atmospheric chemistry and climate. Our major focus for air quality will be Europe including effects of changes in pollutant emissions elsewhere and the time horizon for the study will be the next 50 years. During the project we will provide improved process understanding in areas of major uncertainty for better quantification of feedbacks between air quality and a changing climate. We will present, for the first time, a fully integrated analysis of dynamically changing emissions and deposition, their link to tropo-spheric chemical reactions and interactions with climate, and emerging feedbacks between chemistry-climate and surface processes. We will target both local and regional scales, taking into account chemistry and climate feedbacks on the global scale.
Das Projekt "EU Cloud intercomparison, process study and evaluation project (EUCLIPSE)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut.Objective: Cloud feedbacks remain the largest source of uncertainty in projections of future climate. They are also a major contributor to uncertainty in other feedbacks (e.g., surface albedo, carbon cycle) in the Earth System. Through interactions with the large-scale circulation, cloud processes also contribute to synoptic circulations and regional climate. They are therefore critical to the prediction of future changes in precipitation patterns, climate variability and extreme events. The central objective of EUCLIPSE is to reduce the uncertainty in the representation of cloud processes and feedbacks in the new generation of Earth System Models (ESMs), in support of the IPCC's fifth assessment report. Novel, process-oriented evaluations of clouds in present-day and future climate simulations made by the leading European ESMs will identify the cloud types and processes responsible for the spread in climate sensitivity and future precipitation changes across the models, and for deficiencies in the simulation of the present-day climate. The new diagnostics and metrics developed in EUCLIPSE will inform targeted sensitivity experiments to isolate the processes responsible for cloud feedback uncertainty. In EUCLIPSE, four distinct communities will work together across a set of integrated work packages over a four-year period: the observational community will provide state-of-the-art measurements from ground- and space-based active and passive remote sensing; the numerical weather prediction community will provide analyses of short timescale model biases induced by cloud processes; the cloud modeling community will provide fine-scale models as an additional tool for understanding cloud behavior in a changing climate; finally, the climate modeling community will synthesize the physical understanding and observational constraints identified by the other communities to improve the representation and assessment of cloud processes in ESMs and so improve the predictive skill of ESMs.
Das Projekt "MEDiterranean Sea Acidification in a changing climate (MEDSEA)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona.Objective: Increases of atmospheric CO2 and associated decreases in seawater pH and carbonate ion concentration this century and beyond are likely to have wide impacts on marine ecosystems including those of the Mediterranean Sea. Consequences of this process, ocean acidification, threaten the health of the Mediterranean, adding to other anthropogenic pressures, including those from climate change. Yet in comparison to other areas of the world ocean, there has been no concerted effort to study Mediterranean acidification, which is fundamental to the social and economic conditions of more than 400 million people living along its coastlines and another 175 million who visit the region each year. The MedSeA project addresses ecologic and economic impacts from the combined influences of anthropogenic acidification and warming, while accounting for the unique characteristics of this key region. MedSeA will forecast chemical, climatic, ecological-biological, and socio-economical changes of the Mediterranean driven by increases in CO2 and other greenhouse gases, while focusing on the combined impacts of acidification and warming on marine shell and skeletal building, productivity, and food webs. We will use an interdisciplinary approach involving biologists, earth scientists, and economists, through observations, experiments, and modelling. These experts will provide science-based projections of Mediterranean acidification under the influence of climate change as well as associated economic impacts. Projections will be based on new observations of chemical conditions as well as new observational and experimental data on the responses of key organisms and ecosystems to acidification, which will be fed into existing ocean models that have been improved to account for the Mediterranean's fine-scale features. These scientific advances will allow us to provide the best advice to policymakers who must develop regional strategies for adaptation and mitigation.
Das Projekt "Climate Impact Research & Response Coordination for a Larger Europe - 2nd Generation ERA-Net-Science meets Policy (CIRCLE-2)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universidade de Lisboa, Fundacao da Faculdade de Ciencias.Objective: Climate Change is one of the most important issues facing the world in the 21st century and challenges all four (ecological, economical, social and cultural) dimensions of sustainable development. Europe takes a leading role in the necessary response to these challenges. Severe impacts are unavoidable and European adaptation strategies must be supported by a coherent base of knowledge on its key vulnerabilities and response options. Such a base can only be generated by European, national and regional policy-relevant research. It is CIRCLE-2 ERA-Net prime objective to contribute to those efforts by aligning and networking national and regional research funding and managing organisations as well as their respective programmes. CIRCLE-2 will support a common research agenda and share good practices on adaptation with national and European decision makers, thus contributing to the envisaged EU Clearing House on Climate Change Impacts Vulnerability and Adaptation (CCIVA). CIRCLE-2 (CSA-CA) builds on the experience of previous coordinating and support actions (i.e. CIRCLE CA and SSA) and will develop its activities through a now enlarged network of 23 countries and 3 regions. A flexible work plan will LEAD the consortium to identify common policy-relevant CCIVA research needs. Those needs will serve to DESIGN a joint research agenda and deepen the networking and cooperation activities of the consortium. CIRCLE-2 will FUND transnational joint research initiatives including joint calls for projects on CCIVA. The outcomes of these initiatives and projects will provide the consortium with an updated knowledge base on European, National and Regional CCIVA research and CIRCLE-2 will SHARE this knowledge base with decision-makers at all relevant scales. CIRCLE-2 will thus contribute to the development of both European and national Climate Change response frameworks (e.g. Adaptation Strategies) by facilitating research outputs tailor-made to common needs. International cooperation with non-European countries (e.g. developing countries) as well as the involvement of new EU Member States and candidate countries will be particularly encouraged throughout CIRCLE-2 lifetime.
Das Projekt "The Changing Arctic and Sub-Arctic Environment: A Research and Training Programme on Marine Biotic Indicators of Recent Climate Changes in the High Latitudes of the North Atlantic (CASE)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.The main aim of the CASE Initial Training Network Programme is to train the next generation of European paleo-climate scientists via state-of-the-art training in marine biotic proxies and modeling of past climate changes. It will be implemented through a joint research project aiming to describe and identify the mechanisms and impacts of recent environmental changes in the Nordic Seas. The composition of the consortium reflects the various expertises on marine biotic indicators needed to efficiently evaluate the nature and amplitudes of oceanographic and climate changes and their implications on the structure of the marine ecosystem during the present interglacial, the Holocene. The project is designed according to specific expertises of each network participant and the contribution of associated industry partners, hereby providing an ideal setting for training actions to the benefit of early stage researchers (ESR). CASE will therefore address the following key scientific objectives: 1, Advance our fundamental understanding on the impact of various natural climatic forcing factors in high northern latitudes during the Holocene. 2, Obtain a more complete knowledge on Holocene natural variability of physical parameters affecting ecosystem processes and structure in the Nordic Seas. 3, Improve our understanding and quantification of Holocene changes in ocean circulation and climate variability of the Arctic and Subarctic domains. 4, Expand our knowledge of previous Holocene polar amplifications of warming. 5, Gain fundamental knowledge of the impact of global warming beyond the range of Holocene natural variability over the last 150 years on the Nordic Seas environmental system.
Das Projekt "Anticipating climate change and biospheric feedbacks within the Earth system to 2200 (GREENCYCLES II)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: The Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.There is a pressing need to improve our understanding of climate processes and their impacts in order to develop appropriate adaptation and mitigation measures. Increasing concentrations of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) are known to be causing changes in global climate patterns, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. However, our ability to predict future climatic states is still limited for a variety of reasons. Key among these is our understanding of the coupled behaviour of the components of the Earth system that contribute to the evolution of GHG concentrations, climate responses, and the impacts of environmental change. Earth System Models (ESMs) have emerged as our most important tool with which to test our understanding and predict the coupled behaviour of the many interacting components. However, a variety of recent observations indicate that changes are occurring at faster rates than predicted, suggesting that we are underestimating the strength of feedbacks in the Earth system. We propose a research training programme that will have as its scientific focus the evaluation, improvement, and application of a range of different ESMs. We will consider all the important anthropogenic greenhouse gases and will undertake a range of projects, broadly classed into data and model benchmarking, marine processes, terrestrial processes, high latitude feedbacks, and coupled modelling. Science projects by individual fellows will enhance links between network partners as well as considerably improve our understanding of Earth system feedbacks. A comprehensive, coordinated range of training events will be provided. We will foster the next generation of Earth system scientists and reduce uncertainties in future Earth system behaviour, thereby greatly improving the quality of knowledge available to policy makers and significantly strengthening European science.
Das Projekt "The terrestrial Carbon cycle under climate variability and extremes a Pan-European synthesisv (CARBO-EXTREME)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie.Objective: The aim of this project is to achieve an improved knowledge of the terrestrial carbon cycle in response to climate variability and extremes, to represent and apply this knowledge over Europe with predictive terrestrial carbon cycle modelling, to interpret the model predictions in terms of vulnerability of the terrestrial in particular soil carbon pools and give according advice to EU climate and soil protection policies. This objective will be achieved by integrating three major types of recent and new solid scientific carbon cycle data, from: - soil process studies, - a network of established ecosystem manipulation experiments, and - long-term observations spanning several times-scales (e.g. eddy covariance data, tree rings and growth, crop yields, long-term remote sensing data on soil moisture and vegetation activity and soil carbon inventories). The integration will be reached by establishing a consistent and harmonized data base and by confronting the terrestrial carbon cycle models with the multiple data sets within a Bayesian model identification and improvement procedure. Specific model development concerning processes affected by extreme events (e.g. soil carbon destabilization, tree growth response incl. lag effects and mortality) will be included and followed by model testing and improvement against the data made available in the project. The improved models will simulate terrestrial processes relevant to carbon balance and soil erosion at pan- European scale using regionalized climate scenarios with explicit inclusion of extreme climatic events. Since we are using several climate scenarios and an ensemble of models we will be able to characterize the uncertainties in prediction coming from models and climate scenarios. We will interpret the empirical evidence from the observational work and the model simulations in a framework of vulnerability assessment and disseminate and discuss results with stakeholders at EU level.
Das Projekt "Thermohaline overturning - at risk? (THOR)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Hamburg, Department Geowissenschaften.THOR will establish an operational system that will monitor and forecast the development of the North Atlantic THC on decadal time scales and access its stability and the risk of a breakdown in a changing climate. Together with pre-existing data sets, ongoing observations within the project will allow precise quantitative monitoring of the Atlantic THC and its sources. This will, for the first time, allow an assessment of the strength of the Atlantic THC and its sources in a consistent manner and will provide early identification of any systematic changes in the THC that might occur. Analysis of palaeo observations covering the last millennium and millennium time scale experiments with coupled climate models will be carried out to identify the relevant key processes and feedback mechanisms between ocean, atmosphere, and cryosphere. In THOR, the combined effect of various global warming scenarios and melting of the Greenland ice sheet will also be thoroughly assessed in a coupled climate model. Through these studies and through the assimilation of systematic oceanic observations at key locations into ocean circulation models, THOR will forecast the development of the Atlantic THC and its variability until 2025, using global coupled ocean-atmosphere models. THOR will also assess induced climate implications of changes in the THC and the probability of extreme climate events with special emphasis on the European/North Atlantic region. THOR builds upon techniques, methods and models developed during several projects funded within FP5 and FP6 as well as many nationally funded projects. The project will contribute to Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES), to Global Observing Systems such as to the Global Ocean Observing system (GOOS), and to the International Polar Year (IPY).
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