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Processed flow discharge data from the Neu Darchau gauging station between 1969 and 2019

The dataset includes processed flow discharge data from Neu Darchau gauging station (Elbe-km 536.4) that provided hydrological information for calculating alkalinity transport potential. The monthly sums were calculated from daily mean discharge measurements from Neu Darchau (station number: 6340110) available from the Global Runoff Data Centre (https://grdc.bafg.de/).

Großtechnisch skalierbare Direct Air Capture Technologie für die Produktion von eFuels auf Basis von Luft-CO2, Teilvorhaben: Gesamtprojektkoordination und Integration der DAC100-Anlage in die e-gas Produktionsanlage am Standort Werlte

In dem beantragten Vorhaben soll eine bereits erprobte, effiziente und für die Synthese von eFuels ausgelegte DAC-Technologie des ZSW, die bislang als Demonstrator im Maßstab 1 kg/h CO2 (DAC1) validiert wurde, aufgegriffen in Kooperation mit den Projektpartnern ela und atmosfair industrialisiert und erstmalig in den Maßstab 100 kg/h CO2 (DAC100) umgesetzt werden. Die Wäscher-basierte Technologie zeichnet sich durch eine kontinuierliche Betriebsweise, Nutzung von Prozessabwärmen (Elektrolyse bzw. nachgelagerte Synthese) und insbesondere eine einfache Skalierbarkeit aus. Beim Engineering des DAC100-Prototypen sollen insbesondere auch für die Industrialisierung relevanten Aspekte wie Fertigbarkeit in Serie, Robustheit und Recyclingfähigkeit der eingesetzten Materialien berücksichtigt werden. Ziel des Vorhabens ist es, die Technologie im Maßstab DAC100 in realer Einsatzumgebung im e-gas-Anlagenkomplex in Werlte zu betrieben und durch Vermessung der Performancedaten zu validieren. Hierzu wird die Technologie zur CO2-Bereitstellung in den Produktionsstandort für regeneratives Methan und LNG des Projektpartners ela integriert und im Demonstrationsbetrieb über mehrere Tausend Stunden betrieben. Ziel des Projektes und der begleitenden Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalysen ist es, die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Verfahrens nachzuweisen und die nächsten Skalierungsschritte in den energietechnischen relevanten Tonnen-Maßstab vorzubereiten. Es ist geplant, dass die Anlage nach Projektende im e-gas-Anlagenkomplex in Werlte weitergetrieben und regeneratives Luft-CO2 für die dortigen Syntheseprozesse bereitstellt.

The Wild Wild West in our Oceans?

Global efforts to reduce emissions remain inadequate which resulted in an increasing need for negative emission technologies that actively remove and permanently sequester CO₂ from the atmosphere. We highlight the rapid growth of commercial mCDR start-ups, despite limited research and potential irreversible harm to marine ecosystems. These activities appear uncoordinated, lack oversight, and show no evidence of compliance with international frameworks such as the London Protocol. Our study underscores the urgent need for its ratification. Veröffentlicht in Fact Sheet.

Element concentrations from two benthic chambers and the ambient bottom water during an in-situ incubation experiment in July 2025

The dataset contains major and trace element concentrations measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) from water samples collected during a 16-day in-situ incubation experiment in the Baltic Sea (2025-07-12 to 2025-07-29). Samples were collected using an automated glass-syringe sampler deployed within two benthic chambers of a Biogeochemical Observatory (BIGO, Sommer et al., 2009) at 54° 34.432' N, 10° 10.776' E, at 22 m water depth. In one chamber, 29 g of fine calcite powder were added to the bottom water to assess the potential of enhanced benthic calcite weathering as an ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) strategy. Seven samples per chamber and from the ambient bottom water were analyzed to trace elemental changes associated with calcite dissolution.

Nutrient concentrations from two benthic chambers and the ambient bottom water during an in-situ incubation experiment in July 2025

The dataset contains dissolved nutrient concentrations from water samples collected during a 16-day in-situ incubation experiment in the Baltic Sea (2025-07-12 to 2025-07-29). Samples were collected using an automated glass-syringe sampler deployed within two benthic chambers of a Biogeochemical Observatory (BIGO, Sommer et al., 2009) at 54° 34.432' N, 10° 10.776' E, at 22 m water depth. In one chamber, 29 g of fine calcite powder were added to the bottom water as part of an enhanced benthic calcite weathering experiment. Seven samples per chamber and from the ambient bottom water were analyzed to assess potential nutrient fluxes associated with the calcite addition and benthic biogeochemical processes.

Alkalinity concentrations from two benthic chambers and the ambient bottom water during an in-situ incubation experiment in July 2025

The dataset contains total alkalinity measurements from water samples collected during a 16-day in-situ incubation experiment in the Baltic Sea (2025-07-12 to 2025-07-29). Samples were collected using an automated glass-syringe sampler deployed within two benthic chambers of a Biogeochemical Observatory (BIGO, Sommer et al., 2009) at 54° 34.432' N, 10° 10.776' E, at 22 m water depth. In one chamber, 29 g of fine calcite powder were added to the bottom water. Seven samples per chamber and from the ambient bottom water were taken to monitor alkalinity changes resulting from calcite dissolution, providing a direct measure of the ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE)

Bottom water chemistry during in-situ incubation experiments on enhanced benthic calcite weathering in July 2025

The data was produced during a 16 day in-situ incubation experiment in the Baltic Sea. In order to assess the potential for enhanced benthic calcite weathering as a ocean alkalinisation and thus negative emissions strategy, a Biogeochemical Observatory (BIGO, Sommer et al., 2009) was deployed at 54° 34.432 N, 10° 10.776 E, at 22 m water depth between 2025-07-12 and 2025-07-29. The BIGO is equipped with two benthic chambers that were lowerd to the sea floor. In chamber two, 29 g of fine calcite powder were added to the bottom water. 7 Samples were taken via an automatted glassyringe sampler from each chamber and the ambient bottom water.

DAM Dekarbonisierung: Quantifizierung der Potenziale, Machbarkeit und Nebenwirkungen atmosphärischer CO2-Entnahme durch Alkalinitätserhöhung (AE)

Historical water chemistry monitoring records from multiple stations between 1959 and 2017

Long-term water-chemistry measurements from multiple Elbe River monitoring stations establish a baseline for carbonate-system variability and were used to assess the alkalinity transport potential. The dataset from 1959 to 1977 was digitized from handwritten notes provided by Dr. Mewius (Kempe 1982). The water chemistry data from 1984 to 2017 (e.g., pH, water temperature, and major ions) was obtained from the Fachinformationssystem (FIS) der FGG Elbe (data source: www.fgg-elbe.de, accessed on 2021-02-26).To generate a single river chemistry time series, data from (Zollenspieker (Strom-km 598,7), Geesthacht (Strom-km 585,9), Schnackenburg (Strom-km 474,5), Boizenburg (Strom-km 559,0), Doemitz (Strom-km 505,0), and Hamburg Waterworks (Strom-km ~623,1) were used. Saturation state of calcite and aragonite were calculated using phreeqpython, a Python wrapper of the PhreeqC engine (Vitens 2021) with pH, water temperature, total alkalinity, and major ions as major input, and phreeqc.dat as database for the thermodynamic data (Parkhurst and Appelo 2013).

Carbonate chemistry from laboratory incubation experiments using water samples from the Elbe conducted in 2023

This dataset comprises key carbonate chemistry parameters measured and calculated in incubation experiments under different experimental conditions. pH, water temperature, and salinity were measured with a WTW multimeter (MultiLine® Multi 3630 IDS). Total alkalinity was determined by open-cell titration with an 888 Titrando (Metrohm). Saturation state of calcite and aragonite were calculated using phreeqpython, a Python wrapper of the PhreeqC engine (Vitens 2021) with pH, water temperature, total alkalinity, and major ions as major input, and phreeqc.dat as database for the thermodynamic data (Parkhurst and Appelo 2013). As the original Elbe water was supersaturated with carbon dioxide (CO2) with respect to the atmosphere, its partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) level decreased during the incubation period with open flasks, which caused an adjustment of calcite saturation state (ΩC) for ambient air conditions. To adapt for the impact of pCO2 variations during the experiment, saturation state of calcite and aragonite was calculated assuming an equilibrium with an atmospheric pCO2 of 415 ppm (normalized ΩC and normalized aragonite sautration state ΩA). Since ion concentrations were measured for only a small number of samples, the ion concentrations of the remaining samples were reconstructed using stoichiometry based on the initial solution composition and total alkalinity. The concentrations of conservative ions (Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-) were assumed remain constant, while ions related to carbonate precipitation (Ca2+, Mg2+) were calculated based on changes in measured alkalinity (see Figure 5 of the associated paper). Detailed analysis and calculation procedures are described in the Method section of the associated paper.

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