The data set includes the noise contours which have been reported by countries under the terms of the Environmental Noise Directive (END) by EEA member countries for the 2022 round of strategic noise mapping. The data set includes submissions from the countries until 18/11/2024. Under the terms of the END, countries have to produce noise contour maps for major sources of noise (i.e. major roads with more than 3 000 000 vehicle passages a year, major railways with more than 30 000 train passages per year and airports with more than 50 000 movements per year), for levels of day-evening-night noise (Lden) of at least >=55 dB and >=65 dB. In addition to this, countries have to produce noise contour maps for roads, railways, airports and industries in urban agglomerations of more than 100 000 inhabitants in five dB bands starting at 55 dB for the day-evening-night period. The data set is provided in GPKG files, with all the reported noise contours in vector format by country or in the case of BE and DE by region, for Lden (day-evening-night noise level) and Lnight (nighttime noise level). Lden refers to an A-weighted average sound pressure level over all days, evenings and nights in a year, with an evening weighting of 5 dB and a night weighting of 10 dB and Lnight refers to an A-weighted average sound pressure level over all nights in a year.
Lärmbelastung (Lden/Lnight) in der Umgebung von Hauptverkehrsstraßen mit einem Verkehrsaufkommen von mehr als 3.000.000 Fahrzeugbewegungen pro Jahr, zur strategischen Lärmkartierung entsprechend der EU-Umgebungslärmrichtlinie 2002/49/EC.
Lärmbelastung (Lden/Lnight) in Ballungsräumen mit einer Einwohnerzahl von über 100.000, zur strategischen Lärmkartierung entsprechend der EU-Umgebungslärmrichtlinie 2002/49/EG. Der Metadatensatz enthält Verlinkungen zu allen Daten innerhalb der Ballungsräume, die entsprechend der Richtlinie zu erheben sind.
Lärmbelastung (Lden) in der Umgebung von Hauptverkehrsstraßen mit einem Verkehrsaufkommen von mehr als 3.000.000 Fahrzeugbewegungen pro Jahr, zur strategischen Lärmkartierung entsprechend der EU-Umgebungslärmrichtlinie 2002/49/EC.
Mykorrhizen sind in der Lage, das Wachstum der Bäume durch erhöhte Aufnahme von Nährstoffen zu verbessern. Im Gegensatz zu Phosphat und Nitrat, ist nur wenig über die Bedeutung der Mykorrhiza für die Aufnahme und den Metabolismus von Schwefel bekannt, obwohl schwefelhaltige Stoffe eine wichtige Rolle bei Rhizobiumwurzel Symbiose spielen, die in vielen Aspekten ähnlich zu Mykorrhizierung ist. Ziel des Projekts ist es, Gene des Schwefelhaushalts von Wurzeln zu identifizieren, die bei der Wechselwirkung Wurzelpilz eine Rolle spielen, und deren Expression und Regulation zu analysieren. Als Modellsystem soll dabei die Pappel und der Pilz Amanita muscaria eingesetzt werden. In diesem Modellsystem soll die Hypothese überprüft werden, dass der Pilz die Sulfatversorgung der Pflanze durch eine erhöhte Aufnahme sowie einen intensiven Austausch mit der Wurzel verbessert und, in Analogie zu Rhizobien, dem Pilz von der Pflanze reduzierter Schwefel in Form von Glutathion zur Verfügung gestellt wird. In der ersten Phase wird der Einfluss der Schwefel- und Stickstoffernährung auf die Expression der Gene des Schwefel-Metabolismus in Pappel und im Pilz untersucht. Weiterhin soll der Einfluss der Modulation des Schwefelhaushalts in Pappeln durch genetische Manipulation auf die Wechselwirkung im Schwefelhaushalt zwischen Wurzel und Pilz analysiert werden.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown worldwide and is one of the most important crops for human nutrition. Einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum) is a diploid relative of bread wheat and both have the A genome in common. The timing of flowering is of major importance for plants to optimally adjust their life cycle to diverse environments. QTL mapping studies indicated that flowering time in cereals is a complex trait, which is controlled by three different pathways: vernalization, photoperiod and earliness per se. In wheat, high-resolution genome-wide association mapping is now possible, because of the availability of a high density molecular marker chip. The main goal of the proposed project is to investigate the regulation of flowering time in wheat using a genome-wide association mapping approach based on a novel high-density SNP array. In particular, the project aims to (1) investigate the phenotypic variation of flowering time of bread wheat and Einkorn wheat in response to environmental cues in multilocation field trials, (2) study the effects of Ppd alleles on flowering time in a candidate 3 gene approach, (3) determine the genetic architecture of flowering time in a high-density genome-wide association mapping, and (4) investigate the plasticity of the genetic architecture of flowering time in wheat by a comparison between bread wheat and Einkorn wheat.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an important cereal grain which serves as major animal fodder crop as well as basis for malt beverages or staple food. Currently barley is ranked fourth in terms of quantity of cereal crops produced worldwide. In times of a constantly growing world population in conjunction with an unforeseeable climate change and groundwater depletion, the accumulation of knowledge concerning cereal growth and rate of yield gain is important. The Nordic Genetic Resource Center holds a major collection of barley mutants produced by irradiation or chemical treatment. One phenotypic group of barley varieties are dwarf mutants (erectoides, brachytic, semidwarf, uzu). They are characterized by a compact spike and high rate of yield while the straw is short and stiff, enhancing the lodging resistance of the plant. Obviously they are of applied interest, but they are also of scientific interest as virtually nothing is known about the genes behind the development of plant dwarfism. The aim of this project is to identify and isolate the genes carrying the mutations by using state of the art techniques for gene cloning at the Carlsberg Laboratory. The identified genes will be connected with the mutant phenotype to reveal the gene function in general. One or two genes will be overexpressed and the resulting recombinant proteins will be biochemically and structurally characterized. The insights how the mutation effects the protein will display the protein function in particular. Identified genes and their mutant alleles will be tested in the barley breeding program of the Carlsberg brewery.
To predict ecosystem reactions to elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) it is essential to understandthe interactions between plant carbon input, microbial community composition and activity and associated nutrient dynamics. Long-term observations (greater than 13 years) within the Giessen Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (Giessen FACE) study on permanent grassland showed next to an enhanced biomass production an unexpected strong positive feedback effect on ecosystem respiration and nitrous oxide (N2O) production. The overall goal of this study is to understand the long-term effects of eCO2 and carbon input on microbial community composition and activity as well as the associated nitrogen dynamics, N2O production and plant N uptake in the Giessen FACE study on permanent grassland. A combination of 13CO2 pulse labelling with 15N tracing of 15NH4+ and 15NO3- will be carried out in situ. Different fractions of soil organic matter (recalcitrant, labile SOM) and the various mineral N pools in the soil (NH4+, NO3-, NO2-), gross N transformation rates, pool size dependent N2O and N2 emissions as well as N species dependent plant N uptake rates and the origin of the CO2 respiration will be quantified. Microbial analyses will include exploring changes in the composition of microbial communities involved in the turnover of NH4+, NO3-, N2O and N2, i.e. ammonia oxidizing, denitrifying, and microbial communities involved in dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA). Stable Isotope Probing (SIP) and mRNA based analyses will be employed to comparably evaluate the long-term effects of eCO2 on the structure and abundance of these communities, while transcripts of these genes will be used to target the fractions of the communities which actively contribute to N transformations.
Multibeam bathymetry processed data (KONGSBERG EM712 multibeam echosounder) was collected onboard RV HEINCKE on two different days during cruise HE622 in the German North Sea (2023-06-06 - 2023-06-20). The raw data (.all format) were processed using QPS Qimera software (v 1.7), based on the following workflow: 0.Raw data > 1.Apply correct Sound Velocity Profiles -> 2.Create dynamic surface (shallow Mode) -> 3.Apply Spline Filter (Medium/Weak) > 4. Finalize with manual 2D and 3D editing, -> 5.Export in GeoTIFF format and projected in the UTM32N coordinate system (EPSG:32632). The bathymetry dataset here is gridded at 0.50 m resolution. The data products were created in the context of the DAM (German Marine Research Alliance), CONMAR research project.
This project is aimed at the characterization of the systemic reprogramming in barley, which modulates the compatible interaction with the biotrophic leaf pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei upon root infestation with the mutualistic endophyte Piriformospora indica. We have recently shown that the basidiomycete P. indica - upon successful establishment in the roots - reprograms barley to salt stress tolerance, resistance to root diseases and higher yield (Waller et al., 2005). Successful powdery mildew infections in barley leaves are also disturbed by the mutualistic fungus. These processes are associated with a strong change in plant metabolism, especially with a drastic alteration of leaf and root antioxidants. On the basis of these findings we will perform an in-depth analysis of the barley metabolome (B6) and transcriptome (B7) with two specific foci: First, to elucidate the process of establishment of the mutualistic fungus within the barley roots; second, to characterize elements of the systemic response in leaves leading to an interruption or failure of compatibility processes required for successful establishment of biotrophic leaf pathogens like Blumeria. New gene candidates will be pre-selected systematically for their regulatory role in compatibility by means of transiently transformed barley leaves upon Blumeria inoculation. Stable transgenic barley and maize lines (B3) generated with verified gene candidates and genes identified by other projects (A1, A2, B5, B6) will be tested with Blumeria and P. indica. By comparing candidate genes in the different plant - microbe systems, we will identify common regulatory processes, metabolites and metabolic networks implicated in compatibility including those required for successful interactions with mutualistic fungi.
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