Lärmbelastung (Lden/Lnight) in der Umgebung von Haupteisenbahnstrecken mit einem Verkehrsaufkommen von mehr als 30.000 Zügen pro Jahr zur strategischen Lärmkartierung entsprechend der EU-Umgebungslärmrichtlinie 2002/49/EC.
The biotrophic fungus Ustilago maydis infects corn and induces the formation of tumors. In order for the fungus to proliferate in the infected tissue, U. maydis has to redirect the metabolism of the host to the site of infection. We wish to elucidate how this is accomplished. To this end we will perform transcript profiling during the time course of infection for both, the fungus and the maize plant. This will be complemented by metabolome analysis of different tissues during infection as well as by apoplastic fluid analysis. The goals will be to identify the carbon sources taken up by the fungus during biotrophic growth, to identify the transporters required for uptake, determine their specificity and elucidate how these carbon sources are provided by the plant. Fungal mutants affected in discrete stages of pathogenic development will be included in these studies. Likely candidate genes for carbon uptake/supply as well as for redirecting host metabolism will be functionally characterized by generating knockouts in the fungus and by isolating plants carrying mutations in respective genes or by generating transgenic plants expressing RNAi constructs.
INSPIRE Schutzgebiete in Hessen (PS, Schema Protected Sites Simple, DE7, DE-HE) - Datensatz HMLU/HessenForst über HLNUG - Download EPSG 25832
Results of the BESTMAP nutrient delivery ratio (NDR) model for the ES case study and the year 2019 inlcuding estimates of uncertainty
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an important cereal grain which serves as major animal fodder crop as well as basis for malt beverages or staple food. Currently barley is ranked fourth in terms of quantity of cereal crops produced worldwide. In times of a constantly growing world population in conjunction with an unforeseeable climate change and groundwater depletion, the accumulation of knowledge concerning cereal growth and rate of yield gain is important. The Nordic Genetic Resource Center holds a major collection of barley mutants produced by irradiation or chemical treatment. One phenotypic group of barley varieties are dwarf mutants (erectoides, brachytic, semidwarf, uzu). They are characterized by a compact spike and high rate of yield while the straw is short and stiff, enhancing the lodging resistance of the plant. Obviously they are of applied interest, but they are also of scientific interest as virtually nothing is known about the genes behind the development of plant dwarfism. The aim of this project is to identify and isolate the genes carrying the mutations by using state of the art techniques for gene cloning at the Carlsberg Laboratory. The identified genes will be connected with the mutant phenotype to reveal the gene function in general. One or two genes will be overexpressed and the resulting recombinant proteins will be biochemically and structurally characterized. The insights how the mutation effects the protein will display the protein function in particular. Identified genes and their mutant alleles will be tested in the barley breeding program of the Carlsberg brewery.
Die Effizienz der Photosynthese determiniert das Überleben der Pflanzen, die daher auf mehreren Ebenen ein Netzwerk aufgebaut haben, um sich auf Änderungen ihrer Lichtumgebung einzustellen. Änderungen in der Lichtqualität werden empfangen und über spezielle Signaltransduktionskaskaden weitergeleitet, welche wiederum mit anderen Faktoren und Signalwegen interagieren, um das pflanzliche Wachstum zu optimieren und Entwicklungsprozesse anzupassen. Auf diese Art und Weise beeinträchtigt die Lichtqualität auch das Wachstum von Nutzpflanzen. Daher ist ein Verständnis auf molekularer Ebene darüber, wie Pflanzen auf Licht reagieren, wichtig, um Nutz- und Kulturpflanzen zu optimieren. In diesem Projekt wollen wir die Rolle des Brassinosteroid (BR)-regulierten Transkriptionsfaktors CESTA für die Integration der Lichtsignaltransduktion für das BR-regulierte Wachstum verstehen.
Wir möchten grundlegende Mechanismen der quantitativen Resistenz und Anfälligkeit gegen den Echten Gerstenmehltau aufklären. Wir werden die Daten aus unseren vorläufigen und geplanten Transkriptomanalysen nutzen, um die Funktion von Genen zu analysieren, die in Elternpflanzen und RACB-transgenen Pflanzen mit entweder erhöhter oder erniedrigter Anfälligkeit differenziell experimiert sind. Die Modifikation der Zellwand und der Zellzyklus stehen dabei bereits jetzt im Fokus unseres Interesses. Um ein tiefgehendes Verständnis der Transkriptionsmuster zu erlangen, nutzen wir Ansätze der reversen Genetik, Metabolismusstudien und Zellbiologie in unterschiedlichen Gerstengenotypen.
Boron (B) is an essential microelement for plants. Despite the use of modern fertilization methods, B deficiency still causes losses in agricultural plant production. Even though many positive effects of B on plant growth and physiology have been reported, a large majority of B functions and the regulatory mechanisms controlling the B nutritional status remain unknown. The main objective of this project is to elucidate how the greatly B deficiency-sensitive Brassica crop plants process and regulate their B status during vegetative and reproductive growth. In this context, the project aims at identifying the mode of action of B in mechanisms regulating the B status itself and uncovering those mechanisms contributing to B efficiency in different genotypes. Plant species subjected to investigation will be the agronomically important oilseed and vegetable plant Brassica napus (rapeseed) and its close relative the genetic and molecular model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Questions addressed within the scope of this project should lead to a detailed understanding of mechanisms controlling B uptake and allocation from the level of the whole plant down to the cellular level. B transport routes and rates will be determined in sink- and source tissues and in developmental periods with a particularly high B demand. A special focus will be on the identification of B transport bottlenecks and the analysis of B deficiency-sensitive transport processes to and within the highly B-demanding reproductive organs. Recent studies in Arabidopsis suggest that Nodulin26-like Intrinsic Proteins (NIPs), which belong to the aquaporin channel protein family, are essential for plant B uptake and distribution. The systematic focus on the molecular and physiological characterization of B. napus NIPs will clarify their role in B transport and will identify novel NIP-associated mechanisms playing key roles in the B response network.To further resolve the mostly unknown impact of the B nutritional status on gene regulation and metabolism, a transcript and metabolite profile of B-sufficient and B-deficient rapeseed plants will be generated. Additionally, an Arabidopsis transcription factor knockout collection (greater 300 lines) will be screened for abnormalities in responses to the B nutritional status. This will identify yet unknown B-responsive genes (transcription factors and their targets) and gene products (enzymes or metabolite variations) playing key roles in signalling pathways and mechanisms regulating the B homeostasis. Boron (in form of boric acid) and arsenite (As) share in all likelihood the same NIP-mediated transport pathways. To assess the consequences of this dual transport pathway the so far unstudied impact of the plants B nutritional status on the accumulation and distribution of As will be investigated in B. napus. Moreover, the current dimension of the As contamination of Brassica-based food products, to which consumers are exposed to, will be analyzed. usw.
Das beantragte Gerätesystem kombiniert die Leistungsfähigkeit und hohe Auflösung der Next-Generation- Sequenzierung mit der Hochdurchsatz-Kapazität von Genotypisierungs- und Expressionsarrays. Es deckt den gesamten Bereich niedriger bis sehr hoher Plexitätsgrade ab und ermöglicht Untersuchungen auf DNA-, RNA- und Protein-Ebene. Es wird hauptsächlich von den überwiegend neu besetzten Fachgebieten Genetik und Züchtung landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere, Nutzpflanzenbiodiversität und Züchtungsinformatik, Ernährungsphysiologie der Kulturpflanzen und Physiologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen genutzt. Die beiden genetischzüchterisch ausgerichteten Fachgebiete werden das Gerät schwerpunktmäßig für Sequenzierungen einzelner Gene und ganzer Genome und für Array-basierten Genotypisierungen und Expressionsanalysen nutzen. Die eher physiologisch ausgerichteten Fachgebiete werden das Gerät für die auf RNA-Sequenzierung basierende Expressionsanalyse, die Identifizierung von Mutationen durch next-genration-mapping, sowie für die Sequenzierung ausgewählter Gene landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanzen nutzen. Durch das mächtige Gerätesystem können diese Fachgebiete die Möglichkeiten der modernen Genomforschung in ihren jeweiligen Forschungsschwerpunkten mit einbauen und dadurch international sichtbare und hochkompetetive Projekte realisieren.
Populations of P. fortinii from allover Europe are examined using microsatellites to construct gene genealogies and infer evolutionary history. The tree-root endophyte Phialocephala fortinii s.l. (mitosporic Ascomycota) is the dominant colonizer of conifer root systems in forests in the northern hemisphere. P. fortinii s.l. is genetically highly diverse and forms a complex of several cryptic species. Recombination occurs or has occurred within cryptic species and to some extent also among them (introgression). Cryptic species occur sympatrically and they can form large thalli, but it remains unclear whether the observed patterns of spatial distribution reflect local climax situations or are the results of recent gene and genotype flow. One of the key objectives will be to estimate population genetic parameters (eg. migration rates, genotype flow, recombination) within and among populations of cryptic species in forests where man-mediated genotype flow can be excluded. Other key objectives are the determination of the number, frequency, distribution and evolutionary history of the cryptic species in Europe and to identify the driving forces for speciation. The approach will be multidisciplinary and will include standard mycological and microbiological methods as well as molecular genetic techniques such as microsatellite fingerprinting and DNA sequencing. The evolutionary history of haplotypes at both the population and species level will be reconstructed and the results will be compared with known patterns of pleistocenic glaciations and postglacial recolonization of host trees. The project will be a significant contribution to the understanding of the population and evolutionary genetics of a versatile and ecologically extremely successful fungal genus and it will shed light on the effects of pleistocenic and postglacial climatic changes on fungal speciation.
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