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Tree Species - Sentinel-1/2 - Germany, 2022

The Tree Species Germany product provides a map of dominant tree species across Germany for the year 2022 at a spatial resolution of 10 meters. The map depicts the distribution of ten tree species groups derived from multi-temporal optical Sentinel-2 data, radar data from Sentinel-1, and a digital elevation model. The input features explicitly incorporate phenological information to capture seasonal vegetation dynamics relevant for species discrimination. A total of over 80,000 training and test samples were compiled from publicly accessible sources, including urban tree inventories, Google Earth Pro, Google Street View, and field observations. The final classification was generated using an XGBoost machine learning algorithm. The Tree Species Germany product achieves an overall F1-score of 0.89. For the dominant species pine, spruce, beech, and oak, class-wise F1-scores range from 0.76 to 0.98, while F1-scores for other widespread species such as birch, alder, larch, Douglas fir, and fir range from 0.88 to 0.96. The product provides a consistent, high-resolution, and up-to-date representation of tree species distribution across Germany. Its transferable, cost-efficient, and repeatable methodology enables reliable large-scale forest monitoring and offers a valuable basis for assessing spatial patterns and temporal changes in forest composition in the context of ongoing climatic and environmental dynamics.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Aerosol Layer Height (ALH), Level 3 – Global

Aerosols are an indicator for episodic aerosol plumes from dust outbreaks, volcanic ash, and biomass burning. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The Aerosol layer height is provided in kilometres. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Cloud Optical Thickness (COT), Level 3 – Global

This product displays the Cloud Optical Thickness (COT) around the globe. Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The cloud optical thickness is retrieved from the O2-A band using the ROCINN algorithm. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ultraviolet Index (UVI), Level 3 – Global

UV Index (UVI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. The UVI describes the intensity of the solar ultraviolet radiation. Values around zero indicate low, values greater than 10 indicate very high UV exposure on the ground. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Surface Nitrogendioxide (NO2), Level 4 – Regional (Germany and neighboring countries)

The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product displays the Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) near surface concentration for Germany and neighboring countries as derived from the POLYPHEMUS/DLR air quality model. Surface NO2 is mainly generated by anthropogenic sources, e.g. transport and industry. POLYPHEMUS/DLR is a state-of-the-art air quality model taking into consideration - meteorological conditions, - photochemistry, - anthropogenic and natural (biogenic) emissions, - TROPOMI NO2 observations for data assimilation. This Level 4 air quality product (surface NO2 at 15:00 UTC) is based on innovative algorithms, processors, data assimilation schemes and operational processing and dissemination chain developed in the framework of the INPULS project. The DLR project INPULS develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Digitales Basis-Landschaftsmodell NW

Das Digitale Basis-Landschaftsmodell (Basis-DLM) beschreibt die Landschaft in Form von topographischen Objekten und stellt einen präsentationsneutralen, objektbasierten Vektordatenbestand dar. Das Standard-Datenaustauschformat für Daten im AAA-Modell ist die Normbasierte Austauschschnittstelle (NAS). Der Abruf ist im Format NAS und und als Shape möglich. Der Aktualisierungszyklus beträgt einen Monat. Stand der Daten: 30.06.2025.

Karte_SL - Orte 3

Digitales Landschaftsmodell:Digitales Landschaftsmodell

Karte_SL - Ortslage 2

Digitales Landschaftsmodell:Digitales Landschaftsmodell

Forest Canopy Cover Loss (FCCL) - Germany - Monthly, Administrative Level

This vector dataset is based on a 10 m resolution raster dataset that shows forest canopy cover loss (FCCL) in Germany at a monthly resolution from September 2017 to September 2024. Results at pixel level were aggregated at municipality, district, and federal state level. For the results at administrative level we differentiate between deciduous and coniferous forests. We use the stocked area map 2018 (Langner et al. 2022, https://doi.org/10.3220/DATA20221205151218 ) as a reference forest mask. We differentiate between deciduous and coniferous forests by intersecting the stocked area map with a tree species map (Blickensdoerfer et al. 2024). Pixels of the classes birch, beech, oak, alder, deciduous trees with long lifespan and deciduous trees with short lifespan were classified as deciduous forest and pixels of the classes Douglas fir, spruce, pine, larch and fir as coniferous forest. The coverage of the two datasets is not identical, which is why a few areas of the forest reference map remained unclassified. These were filled with the dominant leaf type map of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS 2025). Therefore, the vector data at administrative level contains information about unclassified forest areas and the total forest area as the sum of deciduous, coniferous, and unclassified forests. The FCCL confidence at pixel level is lowest at the end of the time series because the number of repeated threshold exceedance is used as a criterion to record forest canopy cover losses. Therefore, we excluded July 2024 through September 2024 from the annual and overall statistics and summarized the respective FCCL as additional attribute. The dataset is a fully reprocessed continuation of the assessment in Thonfeld et al. (2022).

On-line Messung von Quecksilber in der Messstation Schnackenburg/Elbe

Die Elbe ist einer der mit Quecksilber am staerksten belasteten Fluesse der Erde. Die zuletzt im Projekt Quecksilbermonitor gemessene Konzentration des Quecksilbers im Elbewasser (in der Messstation Schnackenburg) schwankte im Verlauf der Messkampagne vom 24.2. bis 2.3.1999 zwischen ca. 25-100ng/l. 100ng/l liegt um den Faktor 10 unter der erlaubten Konzentration fuer Trinkwasser (1000ng/l). Diese im Vergleich zum Trinkwassergrenzwert geringe Konzentration scheint auf den ersten Blick nicht der Qualitaet einer Belastung zu entsprechen. Zwei Faktoren relativieren die Konzentrationsangabe: Quecksilber wird, wie andere Schwermetalle auch, an Schwebstoffe, insbesondere die Fraktion kleiner 20um gebunden. Daher ist die Konzentration des Quecksilbers im Wasser stark vom Schwebstoffgehalt abhaengig. Ausserdem wird Quecksilber in der Nahrungskette aufkonzentriert, da nur wenig Quecksilber wieder ausgeschieden wird. So wird z.B. Plankton von Kleinkrebsen aufgenommen, die dann wieder von Fischen aus dem Wasser gefiltert werden. Auf diesem Weg kann die chronische Belastung fuer einen Menschen, der regelmaessig Fisch aus der Elbe isst, so stark werden, dass Vergiftungserscheinungen wie metallischer Geschmack im Mund, nervoese Reizbarkeit sowie Zahnausfall auftreten koennen. Ziel sollte es daher sein, die Quecksilberbelastung so weit wie moeglich zu senken und weitere Verschmutzungen zu vermeiden. Die Ursache der Quecksilberbelastung der Elbe liegt primaer bei fehlenden bzw. unzureichenden industriellen und kommunalen Abwasserreinigungsanlagen und bei alten, belasteten Gewaessersedimenten, die hauptsaechlich in den neuen Bundeslaendern und auf dem Gebiet der Tschechischen Republik vorliegen. Aufgrund der Sedimentbelastung waere selbst bei der Eliminierung aller anthropogener Quecksilberquellen nur ein allmaehlicher Rueckgang der Konzentration zu erwarten. Tatsaechlich ist die Belastung der Elbe mit Quecksilber seit 1989 stark zurueckgegangen, die Quecksilbergehalte liegen aber nach wie vor erheblich ueber den Zielvorgaben fuer den Gewaesserschutz. Eine kontinuierliche Ueberwachung der Elbe wird auf Dauer unerlaesslich sein, da die Ursachen der Verschmutzung durch eine staendige Ueberwachung leichter erkennbar werden, wenn zeitlich begrenzte Einleitungen sofort erkannt werden koennen. Auch koennen die Zusammenhaenge zwischen Temperatur, Niederschlagsmenge, Wasserstand, und der Quecksilberkonzentration klarer ermittelt werden. So koennte die Rolle des bei Niedrigwasser von Schiffen aufgewirbelten Sediments beurteilt werden.

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