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Distribution and concentration of nutrients, carbon compounds and methane in water samples in the southern German Bight (North Sea) in September 2024 during the MOSES Sternfahrt 12

The 12th Sternfahrt of the ElbeXtreme and MOSES projects took place in 2024 from September 02 to 13, within the area of the German Bight (North Sea). Its objective was to get a more systematic grid of sampling data by spatially integrated onboard sensors. Therefore, the MOSES-laboratory container was installed again. Water samples were taken from the surface with a rosette or via Niskin bottles. The first part of the cruise was conducted by the research vessel (RV) Ludwig Prandtl, starting on the 2nd of September on Heligoland. From there, the crew navigated towards Cuxhaven covering some stations from previous MOSES cruises. For the next days, the ship followed a rectangular track, shifting northward each day, heading towards Heligoland again. Due to strong winds, the sampling stations were reduced to three on the last day. On Heligoland the RV Mya II took over the laboratory container and other sampling equipment for the second part of the cruise. Persistent strong winds delayed the start of the cruise until September 11. Since most of the planned stations were already covered from the RV Ludwig Prandtl, the crew decided to expand the sampling area using a more systematic zig-zag line. With the return of Mya II in the afternoon of the 13th September 2024, the campaign was successfully finished.

GovReg: National emissions reported to the UNFCCC and to the EU under the Governance Regulation, 2026 ver. 1.0

Data on greenhouse gas emissions and removals, sent by countries to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the EU under the Governance Regulation. This data set reflects the GHG inventory data for 2026 as reported under the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change. This version include two digit country codes. Please note that the accessible Excel-files only go back to 1990, where as the database and csv files cover the years from 1985.

WISE WFD Reference Spatial Datasets reported under Water Framework Directive 2010 - INTERNAL VERSION - version 1.9, Sep. 2025

The dataset contains information on the European river basin districts, the river basin district sub-units, the surface water bodies and the groundwater bodies delineated for the 1st River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) as well as the European monitoring sites used for the assessment of the status of the abovementioned surface water bodies and groundwater bodies. This data set is available only for internal use of the European Commission and the European Environment Agency. Please use the "PUBLIC VERSION": https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/catalogue/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/6b55632c-63df-4542-97f0-363dfb6d3431 for external use. The information was reported to the European Commission under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) reporting obligations. The dataset compiles the available spatial data related to the 1st RBMPs which were due in 2010 (hereafter WFD2010). See http://rod.eionet.europa.eu/obligations/521 for further information on the WFD2010 reporting. It was prepared to support the reporting of the 2nd RBMPs due in 2016 (hereafter WFD2016). See http://rod.eionet.europa.eu/obligations/715 for further information on the WFD2016 reporting. See also https://rod.eionet.europa.eu/obligations/766 for information on the Environmental Quality Standards Directive - Preliminary programmes of measures and supplementary monitoring. The data reported in WFD2010 were updated using data reported in WFD2016, whenever the spatial objects are identical in 2010 and 2016. For WFD2010 objects, some information may be missing, if the objects no longer exist in the 2nd River Basin Management Plans, and were not reported in WFD2016. Where available, spatial data related to the 3rd RBMPs due in 2022 (hereafter WFD2022) was used to update the WFD2016 data. See https://rod.eionet.europa.eu/obligations/780 for further information on the WFD2022 reporting. Note: * This dataset has been reported by the member states. The subsequent QC revealed some problems caused by self-intersections elements. Data in GPKG-format should be processed using QGIS.

Waterbase - Biology, 2024

Waterbase serves as the EEA’s central database for managing and disseminating data regarding the status and quality of Europe's rivers, lakes, groundwater bodies, transitional, coastal, and marine waters. It also includes information on the quantity of Europe’s water resources and the emissions from point and diffuse sources of pollution into surface waters. Specifically, Waterbase - Biology focuses on biology data from rivers, lakes, transitional and coastal waters collected annually through the Water Information System for Europe (WISE) – State of Environment (SoE) reporting framework. The data are expected to be collected within monitoring programs defined under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and used in the classification of the ecological status or potential of rivers, lakes, transitional and coastal water bodies. These datasets provide harmonised, quality-assured biological monitoring data reported by EEA member and cooperating countries, as Ecological Quality Ratios (EQRs) from all surface water categories (rivers, lakes, transitional and coastal waters).

GovReg: National emissions reported to the UNFCCC and to the EU under the Governance Regulation, 2025 ver. 3.0

Data on greenhouse gas emissions and removals, sent by countries to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the EU under the Governance Regulation. This data set reflects the GHG inventory data for 2025 as reported under the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change. This version include two digit country codes. Please note that the accessible Excel-files only go back to 1990, where as the database and csv files cover the years from 1985.

Waterbase - Water Quality ICM, 2024

Waterbase is the generic name given to the EEA's databases on the status and quality of Europe's rivers, lakes, groundwater bodies and transitional, coastal and marine waters, on the quantity of Europe's water resources, and on the emissions to surface waters from point and diffuse sources of pollution. The dataset contains time series of nutrients, organic matter, hazardous substances, pesticides and other chemicals in rivers, lakes, groundwater, transitional, coastal and marine waters. A list of spatial object identifiers with selected attributes, reported through WFD and WISE Spatial data reporting, is added to dataset as spatial reference. The data has been compiled and processed by EEA. Please refer to the metadata for additional information. *** The dataset is split into two parts: Part 1: DisaggregatedData; Part 2: AggregatedData, AggregatedDataByWaterBody, SpatialObject_DerivedData. *** Data is reported by EEA member countries as individual samples from monitoring sites in the DisaggregatedData table or as annual aggregates of samples from monitoring sites in the AggregatedData table. Therefore data found in one table is not found in the other, and visa versa. Data in the the AggregatedDataByWaterBody is mostly historical. For an alternative option how to access the Waterbase data without downloading the full dataset, please see the 'Discodata user guide' in the Documents section.

GISCO - Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 2021 (NUTS 2021), May 2021

The 'GISCO NUTS 2021' data set represents the NUTS 2021 regulation and statistical regions by means of multipart polygon, polyline and point topology. The NUTS geographical information is completed by attribute tables and a set of cartographic help lines to better visualize multipart polygonal regions. The NUTS nomenclature is a hierarchical classification of statistical regions defined by Eurostat. The NUTS classification subdivides the EU economic territory into 3 statistical levels. The NUTS 2021 classification has been established through the Commission Delegated Regulation 2019/1755, which entered into force on 8th August 2019 and applies from 1st January 2021. A non official NUTS-like classification has been defined for the EFTA countries and the candidate countries. At present, six scale ranges (100K, 1M, 3M, 10M and 20M, 60M) are maintained in the GISCO geodatabase. The polygon and boundary classes delineate the regions, while the points provide an anchor for each region. Associated tables contain basic information such as the name of the region. The public data set will be available at 1M, 3M, 10M, 20M, 60M, while the full data set at 100K is restricted. The data set covers EU Member States, EFTA countries, EU candidate countries and the UK. Following the departure of the UK from the European Union, the UK is no longer flagged as an EU Member State but retains its place in the NUTS and statistical regions data set. This dataset (NUTS_2021) is derived from the EuroBoundary Map 2020 (EBM2020) from Eurogeographics as well as GISCO NUTS 2016 (from Türkiye). The list of NUTS2021 codes including changes with respect to NUTS2016 is available on https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/345175/629341/NUTS2021.xlsx. The public metadata for NUTS 2021 released by Eurostat is available here: https://gisco-services.ec.europa.eu/distribution/v2/nuts/nuts-2021-metadata.xml. This revision (May 2021) includes minor changes in the dataset such as (see https://gisco-services.ec.europa.eu/distribution/v2/nuts/nuts-2021-release-notes.txt): * 2020-10-05 Point snapping is disabled in all datasets, number of decimals increased for 01M datasets. * 2020-11-18 Inclusion of Jan Mayen and Svalbard in to Norways Statistical Regions. Amendment to Serbia NUTS BN line status. * 2020-12-05 Fixed broken utf-8 encoding. * 2021-03-15 Added LAU 2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2020 * 2021-04-26 Fixed country labels 2001, 2006 (incorrect Kosovo coordinates) IMPORTANT NOTE: Additional information, including the conditions of use and acknowledgement notice is included in the document provided with the dataset "GISCO NUTS 2021 Additional Information.pdf". Public access to this data set is restricted due to intellectual property rights. It shall only be used internally by the EEA, its ETCs and subcontractors working on behalf of the EEA. This metadata has been slightly adapted from the original metadata information provided by Eurostat (European Commission) and is to be used only for internal EEA purposes. An introduction to the NUTS classification is available here: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nuts/overview.

Continuous thermosalinograph oceanography along RV HEINCKE cruise track HE583

Raw data acquired by an SBE21 thermosalinograph and an auxiliary SBE38 temperature sensor (Sea-Bird Scientific, USA) installed in an underway seawater flow-through system on board RV Heincke were processed to yield a calibrated and validated data set of seawater temperature and salinity along the cruise track. The seawater inlet is located at a depth of 2 m. The raw hexadecimal data were downloaded from the DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.awi.de) at a resolution of 1 s, and converted to temperature and conductivity using the pre-deployment factory calibration coefficients. The converted data were averaged to 1 min values, outliers were removed, and sensor drift was corrected using coefficients obtained from a post-season calibration performed at Sea-Bird at the end of the measurement season. Salinity was calculated from internal temperature, conductivity and pressure according to the PSS-78 Practical Salinity Scale. Processed data are provided as 1 min means of seawater temperature, conductivity and salinity, aligned with position data taken from the master track. Quality flags are appended according to the SeaDataNet Data Quality Control Procedures (version from May 2010). More details are described in the attached processing report.

Seawater carbonate chemistry and maximum growth rates of Skeletonema marinoi and Alexandrium ostenfeldii, toxin composition of Alexandrium ostenfeldii in a laboratory experiment

Phytoplankton populations can display high levels of genetic diversity that, when reflected by phenotypic variability, may stabilize a species response to environmental changes. We studied the effects of increased temperature and CO2 availability as predicted consequences of global change, on 16 genetically different isolates of the diatom Skeletonema marinoi from the Adriatic Sea and the Skagerrak (North Sea), and on eight strains of the PST (paralytic shellfish toxin)-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii from the Baltic Sea. Maximum growth rates were estimated in batch cultures of acclimated isolates grown for five to 10 generations in a factorial design at 20 and 24 °C, and present day and next century applied atmospheric pCO2, respectively. In both species, individual strains were affected in different ways by increased temperature and pCO2. The strongest response variability, buffering overall effects, was detected among Adriatic S. marinoi strains. Skagerrak strains showed a more uniform response, particularly to increased temperature, with an overall positive effect on growth. Increased temperature also caused a general growth stimulation in A. ostenfeldii, despite notable variability in strain-specific response patterns. Our data revealed a significant relationship between strain-specific growth rates and the impact of pCO2 on growth-slow growing cultures were generally positively affected, while fast growing cultures showed no or negative responses to increased pCO2. Toxin composition of A. ostenfeldii was consistently altered by elevated temperature and increased CO2 supply in the tested strains, resulting in overall promotion of saxitoxin production by both treatments. Our findings suggest that phenotypic variability within populations plays an important role in the adaptation of phytoplankton to changing environments, potentially attenuating short-term effects and forming the basis for selection. In particular, A. ostenfeldii blooms may expand and increase in toxicity under increased water temperature and atmospheric pCO2 conditions, with potentially severe consequences for the coastal ecosystem.

REIN-project: Air quality data from gas and particle sensors at the river Rhine in Koblenz, Germany

This dataset provides data from various air quality sensors at a floating platform of the Federal Institute of Hydrology at the river bank of the Rhine in Koblenz, Germany. The data was collected as part of the mFUND project "REIN" which investigated the suitability of low-cost sensors for the determination of ship emissions with high spatial and temporal resolution. Measurement data involves various pollutants, including nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2), carbon dioxde (CO2) and particulate matter (particle number concentration, mass concentration, size distribution, ultrafine particles, black carbon concentration). Averaged data is provided at 1 minute and 1 hour temporal resolution and covers both low-cost and standard instruments. The dataset is related to the publication "Applicability of compact low- and mid-cost sensors to monitor air pollutant emissions from in-land ships".

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