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Evaluating current European agri-environment schemes to quantify and improve nature conservation efforts in agricultural landscapes (EASY)

Research question: Agri-environment schemes play an increasingly important role in European CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) to support biodiversity and environment in agricultural landscapes. They have been implemented since 1992 and now cost a yearly 1.7 billion Euro. Still, there is no conclusive evidence that these schemes actually do contribute to the conservation of particularly biodiversity. The primary objective of this project is to evaluate the (cost-) effectiveness of European agri-environment schemes in protecting biodiversity and to determine the primary processes that determine their effectiveness. This project furthermore aims to determine how CAP may be introduced in candidate EU-members without unacceptable loss of biodiversity. It will provide simple guidelines how researchers, governmental authorities may efficiently evaluate agri-environmental measures. Aim: Agri-environment schemes have been used to protect biodiversity and environment in agricultural areas since 1992. Their effectiveness has never been reliably evaluated. This project aims to evaluate the (cost-)effectiveness of agri-environment schemes with respect to biodiversity conservation in five European countries. It will determine the proper scales that have to be addressed for conservation efforts for a range of species groups. It will determine the most important environmental factors that influence the effectiveness of the schemes. Based on this, recommendations will be made how the effectiveness of schemes may be improved and simple guidelines will be produced how ecological effects of agri-environment schemes can be evaluated efficiently by governmental authorities or other institutions. The ecological effects of the introduction of CAP in a candidate EU-member will be investigated to reduce negative side effects of anticipated land-use changes Scientific methods: We will examine the effectiveness of agri-environment schemes by surveying pairs of fields: a field with an agri-environment scheme and a nearby field that is conventionally managed. In five countries, in each country in three areas, and in each area on seven pairs of fields the species richness of birds, plants and three insect groups (pollinators, herbivores, predators) will be determined. Effects of schemes on pollination efficiency and pest control will be examined using indicator communities. Correlative studies will examine the effects of landscape structure, land-use intensity and species pool on the effectiveness of agri-environmental measures. The spatial scale that is relevant to nature conservation efforts will be investigated via the spatial distribution of species groups. The results will be used to formulate recommendations how to improve the effectiveness of agri-environment schemes and to construct a set of simple guidelines how schemes can be evaluated efficiently yet reliably.

Bodenschutz- und Altlasteninformationssystem

Das Landesamt für Umweltschutz führt nach § 11 Ausführungsgesetz des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt zum Bundes-Bodenschutzgesetz (BodSchAG LSA) ein Bodenschutz- und Altlasteninformationssystem. Das Bodenschutz- und Altlasteninformationssystem (ST-BIS) enthält beschreibende Informationen (Metainformationen) über Daten, deren Kenntnis für die Erfüllung bodenschutz- und altlastengesetzlicher Aufgaben von Bedeutung sein kann. Dieses Metainformationssystem gibt Auskunft darüber, wer Daten besitzt, wie man Sie erhält und um was für Daten es sich handelt. Das ST-BIS wird im Internet geführt. Die Informationen für das ST-BIS stellen die Behörden dem LAU auf Anforderung gebührenfrei zur Verfügung.

DFG Trilateral collaboration Deutschland-Israel-Palestine: 'Biotic and abiotic factor affecting biological soil crust formation and recovery in a semiarid dune ecosystem : Gaza and NW Negev'

Sandy soils of the arid/semiarid dune fields of the Palestinian Gaza Strip and the Israeli western Negev are extensively covered by biological soil crusts (BSC), which stabilize the surface and prevent desertification. Political discussions in Israel suggest transferring a large part of this sand belt to the Gaza Strip within a final peace accord. Inappropriate land uses may lead to destruction of the BSC and initiate desertification, as already occurring in parts of the Gaza Strip. In this interdisciplinary project the influence of environmental factors on the vitality, stability and the recovery potential of the BSC will be investigated in order to evaluate the carrying capacity of this fragile landscape, in relation to rainfall, soil and relief conditions. A transect stretching from the Mediterranean coast in the Palestinian Gaza Strip (370 mm rainfall) to 65 km southwards in Israel ( Nizzana , less than 100 mm rainfall) has been selected. The interactions of molecular biological, physiological, physical and soil chemical processes, expressed in specific characteristics of the BSC and the underlying soil, will be assessed from the molecular to the landscape scale.

GTS Bulletin: ISND37 AMDS - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISND37 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 01, 02, 04, 05, ... UTC) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere (Remarks from Volume-C: NATIONAL AUTOMATIC SYNOP)

Organic matter composition in the subsoil: Contribution of root litter and microbial-derived compounds

The aim of P2 within the Research Unit 'The Forgotten Part of Carbon Cycling: Organic Matter Storage and Turnover in Subsoils (SUBSOM)' is to contribute to the understanding of the different sources and stabilization processes of subsoil organic matter. This will be achieved by the analysis of the soil organic matter composition in topsoil versus subsoil by 13C NMR spectroscopy in bulk soils as well as organo-mineral associations. This will be done on a number of soil profiles differing in parent material and mineralogy and therefore also in the relevance of organo-mineral associations for subsoil C stabilization. In addition, a specific sampling approach will allow to differentiate three zones associated with the dominating effect of (1) leaching of DOC (the 'bulk soil' between trees), (2) root litter decomposition (the 'root-affected zone'), and (3) direct rhizodeposition of root exudates (the 'rhizosphere' sensu strictu). The contribution of above-ground versus below-ground litter is differentiated by the analysis of cutin and suberin biomarkers. Organic matter derived from microbial sources will be identified by the microbial signature of polysaccharides in the subsoil through the analysis of neutral sugars and amino sugars. Organo-mineral associations will be further characterized by N2-BET analyses to delineate the coverage of the mineral phase with organic matter. With these analyses and our specific analytical expertise at the submicron scale (nanoSIMS) we will participate in selected joint experiments of the research unit.

Quantification of small-scale physicochemical properties of intact macropore surfaces in structured soils

In structured soils, the interaction of percolating water and reactive solutes with the soil matrix is mostly restricted to the surfaces of preferential flow paths. Flow paths, i.e., macropores, are formed by worm burrows, decayed root channels, cracks, and inter-aggregate spaces. While biopores are covered by earthworm casts and mucilage or by root residues, aggregates and cracks are often coated by soil organic matter (SOM), oxides, and clay minerals especially in the clay illuviation horizons of Luvisols. The SOM as well as the clay mineral composition and concentration strongly determine the wettability and sorption capacity of the coatings and thus control water and solute movement as well as the mass exchange between the preferential flow paths and the soil matrix. The objective of this proposal is the quantitative description of the small-scale distribution of physicochemical properties of intact structural surfaces and flow path surfaces and of their distribution in the soil volume. Samples of Bt horizons of Luvisols from Loess will be compared with those from glacial till. At intact structural surfaces prepared from soil clods, the spatial distribution (mm-scale) of SOM and clay mineral composition will be characterized with DRIFT (Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform) spectroscopy using a self-developed mapping technique. For samples manually separated from coated surfaces and biopore walls, the contents of organic carbon (Corg) and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) will be analyzed and related to the intensities of specific signals in DRIFT spectra using Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) analysis. The signal intensities of the DRIFT mapping spectra will be used to quantify the spatial distribution of Corg and CEC at these structural surfaces. The DRIFT mapping data will also be used for qualitatively characterizing the small scale distribution of the recalcitrance, humification, and microbial activity of the SOM from structural surfaces. The clay mineral composition of defined surface regions will be characterized by combining DRIFT spectroscopic with X-ray diffractometric analysis of manually separated samples. Subsequently, the spatial distribution of the clay mineral composition at structural surfaces will be determined from the intensities of clay mineral-specific signals in the DRIFT mapping spectra and exemplarily compared to scanning electron microscopic and infrared microscopic analysis of thin sections and thin polished micro-sections. The three-dimensional spatial distribution of the total structural surfaces in the volume of the Bt horizons will be quantified using X-ray computed tomography (CT) analysis of soil cores. The active preferential flow paths will be visualized and quantified by field tracer experiments. These CT and tracer data will be used to transfer the properties of the structural surfaces characterized by DRIFT mapping onto the active preferential flow paths in the Bt horizons.

GTS Bulletin: SMVX21 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SMVX21 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SM): Main synoptic hour (Remarks from Volume-C: SHIP)

Verweilzeiten Grundwasser Hamburg

Der Layer stellt die klassifizierten Verweilzeiten in Jahren des Grund- und Sickerwassers in der Grundwasserüberdeckung für Hamburg dar. Weiterführende Erläuterungen zum Datensatz siehe Link zur Dokumentation unter "Verweise".

Ermittlung, Analyse und Bewertung ausgewaehlter Datenbestaende fuer die Bereiche Toxikologie und Oekotoxikologie

Das Land Nordrhein-Westfalen betreibt seit 1992 das Informationssystem fuer gefaehrliche und umweltrelevante Stoffe (IGS) als landesweites Stoffinformationssystem. Das IGS enthaelt ca 8000 Stoffe, deren Merkmale jedoch unterschiedlich belegt sind. Als umweltrelevante Datenbank sind fuer das IGS die Merkmale Toxikologie und Oekotoxikologie besonders bedeutsam. Da Einzelstoff-Recherchen in der Regel sehr zeit- und kostenintensiv sind, sollte im Rahmen des Projektes in Erfahrung gebracht werden, welche Datenbestaende, die die Merkmale Toxikologie und Oekotoxikologie abdecken, verfuegbar sind und welches Stoffspektrum sie erfassen. Darueber hinaus war zu ermitteln, welchen Aufbau und welche Qualitaet die Merkmale haben und unter welchen Voraussetzungen die Daten verfuegbar sind. Anschliessend sollte eine Auswahl aus diesem Datenbestaenden zur Uebernahme in das IGS erfolgen.

Systematische Verbesserung von Atom Trap Trace Analysis für 39Ar und deren Anwendung zur Erstellung einer tausendjährigen Paläotemperaturzeitreihe aus Grundwasser

Das Edelgasradioisotop 39Ar ist einzigartig, da es das einzige Isotop ist, das den wichtigen Altersbereich von ca. 50 bis 1000 Jahren abdeckt. Damit ist es von großem Interesse für die Datierung in Ozeanagraphie, Glaziologie und Hydrogeologie. Die Entwicklung der Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) hat 81Kr Datierung möglich gemacht und hat das Potenzial, fundamental neue Anwendungen von 39Ar zu eröffnen. In einem Vorgängerprojekt haben wir zum ersten Mal gezeigt, dass die Messung von 39Ar an natürlichen Proben mit ATTA möglich ist. Aufbauend auf der im vorherigen Projekt und weiteren Vorarbeiten erworbenen Erfahrung soll das vorliegende Projekt die intellektuellen und instrumentellen Grundlagen von ATTA für 39Ar (ArTTA) als neues Werkzeug der Isotopenhydrologie schaffen. Wir zielen darauf ab, ArTTA vom proof-of-principle Stadium zu einer voll etablierten Methode voranzubringen und seine erste umfassende Anwendung durchzuführen. Basierend auf der vorhandenen Expertise in Grundwasser- und Paläoklimaforschung und unter Nutzung der Vorteile von Grundwasser als Testfeld für ArTTA, planen wir, die erste detaillierte Paläotemperaturzeitreihe für das letzte Jahrtausend aus Grundwasser zu gewinnen. Wir haben die folgenden zwei zentralen Ziele identifiziert: 1. Signifikante Verbesserung der Effizienz der ArTTA Apparatur. Eine Erhöhung der Zählrate ist notwendig, um den Probendurchsatz sowie die erreichbare Messgenauigkeit zu verbessern. 2. Realisierung der ersten kompletten Studie zur 39Ar-Datierung von Grundwasser mit ArTTA, um Grundwasser-Altersverteilung und Paläoklimaentwicklung auf der Zeitskala von Jahrhunderten zu bestimmen.

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