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Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1374: Biodiversitäts-Exploratorien; Exploratories for Long-Term and Large-Scale Biodiversity Research (Biodiversity Exploratories), Teilprojekt: Funktionale Partitionierung der prokaryotischen Diversität unter verschiedenen Landnutzungsregimes

Die Kopplung zwischen drei dominanten Gruppen von Bodenbakterien (Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria), Pflanzen, Bodenbedingungen und Landnutzung soll aufgeklärt werden. Die Untersuchungen konzentrieren sich auf (1) die Dynamik der funktionellen Kopplung zwischen aktiven Rhizosphärenbakterien und Pflanzen, (2) die spezifischen Funktionen von individuellen Bakterien beim Abbau von Wurzelexsudaten, Pflanzenstreu und Tierkadavern/Dung sowie (3) der zeitlichen Stabilität von mikrobiellen Gemeinschaften in der Rhizosphäre und nicht-durchwurzeltem Boden der Exploratorien. Die funktionelle Koppelung der Bakterien über den Kohlenstofffluss soll zeitlich hochaufgelöst mittels 13C-Pulsmarkierung von Wurzelexsudaten durch Captured RNA Isotope Probing (CARIP), sowie durch den Vergleich der Exsudatprofile mit der Zusammensetzung der Bakteriengemeinschaften mittels Hochdurchsatzsequenzierung aufgeklärt werden. Die individuelle funktionelle Rolle der Bakterien wird anhand der Aufnahme 13C-markierter Substrate mit nachfolgender Identifizierung der aktiven Phylotypen durch Stabile Isotopenbeprobung von RNA (SIP) sowie metagenomische und metatranskriptomische Ansätze untersucht. Die kurzfristigen Veränderung in der Zusammensetzung der Rhizosphärenbakterien und die jeweiligen Einflussgrößen werden analysiert. Langfristigere Effekte werden anhand von Hochdurchsatzsequenzierungen von 3 Probensätzen, die einen Zeitraum von 6 Jahren abdecken, ermittelt. Dies bietet die Gelegenheit, langfristigere Trends mit Änderungen in den Umweltparametern und in der Landnutzung zu analysieren.

GTS Bulletin: SMVX21 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SMVX21 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SM): Main synoptic hour (Remarks from Volume-C: SHIP)

GTS Bulletin: SNLV41 UMRR - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SNLV41 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SN): Non-standard synoptic hour A1A2 (LV): Latvia (Remarks from Volume-C: NilReason)

GTS Bulletin: SNLV11 UMRR - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SNLV11 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SN): Non-standard synoptic hour A1A2 (LV): Latvia (Remarks from Volume-C: NilReason)

HÜK200: Einstufung des Oberen Grundwasserleiters in Grundwasserleitertypen

Die Einstufung des Oberen Grundwasserleiters in Grundwasserleitertypen erfolgte anhand des Hohlraumtyps sowie der geochemischen Beschaffenheit des durchflossenen Grundwasserleiters (Kombination der Attribute). Geochemische Verhältnisse in der Sickerwasserzone bleiben unberücksichtigt. Die Inhalte entsprechen der HÜK 200 der BGR.

GTS Bulletin: ISND06 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISND06 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 0100, 0200, 0400, 0500, ... UTC) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10321;Diepholz;10325;Salzuflen, Bad;10348;Braunschweig;10356;Ummendorf;10359;Gardelegen;10365;Genthin;10368;Wiesenburg;10376;Baruth;10385;Berlin-Brandenburg;10396;Manschnow;10418;Lüdenscheid;10424;Werl;10433;Lügde-Paenbruch;10435;Warburg;10441;10442;Alfeld;10444;Göttingen;10449;Leinefelde;10452;Braunlage;) (Remarks from Volume-C: SYNOP)

GTS Bulletin: ISID01 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISID01 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISI): Intermediate synoptic observations from fixed land stations A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere (The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10004;UFS TW Ems;10015;Helgoland;10020;List auf Sylt;10035;Schleswig;10055;Fehmarn;10147;Hamburg-Fuhlsbüttel;10162;Schwerin;10184;Greifswald;10200;Emden;10224;Bremen;10270;Neuruppin;10338;Hannover;10361;Magdeburg;10393;Lindenberg;10400;Düsseldorf;10469;Leipzig/Halle;10488;Dresden-Klotzsche;10506;Nürburg-Barweiler;10548;Meiningen;10637;Frankfurt/Main;10685;Hof;10738;Stuttgart-Echterdingen;10763;Nürnberg;10788;Straubing;10852;Augsburg;10946;Kempten;) (Remarks from Volume-C: SYNOP)

Untersuchung des Einflusses der Bioturbation von Abdeckungen und kontaminierten Materialien auf Radondämmwirkung mittels Bleispurmethode

Bisher bestehen noch große Unsicherheiten und ein erheblicher Datenmangel zurCharakterisierung der Wechselwirkung von Bioturbation und Radon-Dämmwirkung.Das durchgeführte Forschungsvorhaben hatte zum Ziel, mit neuartigen experimentellenMethoden existierende Altabdeckungen auf Bergbauobjekten wie Halden undAbsetzanlagen zu untersuchen. Damit soll ein Beitrag zur Verbesserung des Systemverständnissesund zur Quantifizierung verschiedener Einflüsse auf das Radon-Dämmverhalten und seines Langzeitverhaltens geleistet werden.

Spatial heterogeneity and substrate availability as limiting factors for subsoil C-turnover

In subsoils, organic matter (SOM) concentrations and microbial densities are much lower than in topsoils and most likely highly heterogeneously distributed. We therefore hypothesize, that the spatial separation between consumers (microorganisms) and their substrates (SOM) is an important limiting factor for carbon turnover in subsoils. Further, we expect microbial activity to occur mainly in few hot spots, such as the rhizosphere or flow paths where fresh substrate inputs are rapidly mineralized. In a first step, the spatial distribution of enzyme and microbial activities in top- and subsoils will be determined in order to identify hot spots and relate this to apparent 14C age, SOM composition, microbial community composition and soil properties, as determined by the other projects within the research unit. In a further step it will be determined, if microbial activity and SOM turnover is limited by substrate availability in spatially distinct soil microsites. By relating this data to root distribution and preferential flow paths we will contribute to the understanding of stabilizing and destabilizing processes of subsoil organic matter. As it is unclear, at which spatial scale these differentiating processes are effective, the analysis of spatial variability will cover the dm to the mm scale. As spatial segregation between consumers and substrates will depend on the pore and aggregate architecture of the soil, the role of the physical integrity of these structures on SOM turnover will also be investigated in laboratory experiments.

Evaluating current European agri-environment schemes to quantify and improve nature conservation efforts in agricultural landscapes (EASY)

Research question: Agri-environment schemes play an increasingly important role in European CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) to support biodiversity and environment in agricultural landscapes. They have been implemented since 1992 and now cost a yearly 1.7 billion Euro. Still, there is no conclusive evidence that these schemes actually do contribute to the conservation of particularly biodiversity. The primary objective of this project is to evaluate the (cost-) effectiveness of European agri-environment schemes in protecting biodiversity and to determine the primary processes that determine their effectiveness. This project furthermore aims to determine how CAP may be introduced in candidate EU-members without unacceptable loss of biodiversity. It will provide simple guidelines how researchers, governmental authorities may efficiently evaluate agri-environmental measures. Aim: Agri-environment schemes have been used to protect biodiversity and environment in agricultural areas since 1992. Their effectiveness has never been reliably evaluated. This project aims to evaluate the (cost-)effectiveness of agri-environment schemes with respect to biodiversity conservation in five European countries. It will determine the proper scales that have to be addressed for conservation efforts for a range of species groups. It will determine the most important environmental factors that influence the effectiveness of the schemes. Based on this, recommendations will be made how the effectiveness of schemes may be improved and simple guidelines will be produced how ecological effects of agri-environment schemes can be evaluated efficiently by governmental authorities or other institutions. The ecological effects of the introduction of CAP in a candidate EU-member will be investigated to reduce negative side effects of anticipated land-use changes Scientific methods: We will examine the effectiveness of agri-environment schemes by surveying pairs of fields: a field with an agri-environment scheme and a nearby field that is conventionally managed. In five countries, in each country in three areas, and in each area on seven pairs of fields the species richness of birds, plants and three insect groups (pollinators, herbivores, predators) will be determined. Effects of schemes on pollination efficiency and pest control will be examined using indicator communities. Correlative studies will examine the effects of landscape structure, land-use intensity and species pool on the effectiveness of agri-environmental measures. The spatial scale that is relevant to nature conservation efforts will be investigated via the spatial distribution of species groups. The results will be used to formulate recommendations how to improve the effectiveness of agri-environment schemes and to construct a set of simple guidelines how schemes can be evaluated efficiently yet reliably.

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