The ISND37 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 01, 02, 04, 05, ... UTC) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere (Remarks from Volume-C: NATIONAL AUTOMATIC SYNOP)
The ISNI01 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 01, 02, 04, 05, ... UTC) A2 (I): 0° - 90°W southern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 89011;89047;) (Remarks from Volume-C: SYNOP)
The ISND84 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 01, 02, 04, 05, ... UTC) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere (Remarks from Volume-C: NATIONAL AUTOMATIC SYNOP)
The ISID08 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISI): Intermediate synoptic observations from fixed land stations A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10564;Schleiz;10565;Osterfeld;10569;Plauen;10574;Carlsfeld;10577;Chemnitz;10579;Marienberg;10582;Zinnwald-Georgenfeld;10591;Lichtenhain-Mittelndorf;10615;Deuselbach;10628;Geisenheim;10635;Kleiner Feldberg/Taunus;10646;Neuhütten/Spessart;10648;Michelstadt-Vielbrunn;10658;Kissingen, Bad;10671;Lautertal-Oberlauter;10686;Wunsiedel-Schönbrunn;10704;Berus;10706;Tholey;10724;Weinbiet;10733;Waibstadt;10736;Mühlacker;10739;Stuttgart (Schnarrenberg);10747;Kaisersbach-Cronhütte;) (Remarks from Volume-C: SYNOP)
The CHAMP mission provided a great amount of geomagnetic data all over the globe from 2000 to 2010. Its dense data coverage has allowed us to build GRIMM - GFZ Reference Internal Magnetic Model - which has the highest ever resolution for the core field in both space and time. We have already modeled the fluid flow in the Earth's outer core by applying the diffusionless magnetic induction equation to the latest version of GRIMM, to find that the flow evolves on subdecadal timescales, with a remarkable correlation to the observed fluctuation of Earth rotation. These flow models corroborated the presence of six-year torsional oscillations in the outer core fluid. Torsional oscillation (TO) is a type of hydromagnetic wave, theoretically considered to form the most important element of decadal or subdecadal core dynamics. It consists of relative azimuthal rotations of rigid fluid annuli coaxial with the mantle's rotation and dynamically coupled with the mantle and inner core. In preceding works, the TOs have been studied by numerical simulations, either with full numerical dynamos, or solving eigenvalue problems ideally representing the TO system. While these studies drew insights about dynamical aspects of the modeled TOs, they did not directly take into account the observations of geomagnetic field and Earth rotation. Particularly, there have been no observation-based studies for the TO using satellite magnetic data or models. In the proposed project, we aim at revealing the subdecadal dynamics and energetics of the Earth's core-mantle system on the basis of satellite magnetic observations. To that end, we will carry out four work packages (1) to (4), for all of which we use GRIMM. (1) We perform timeseries analyses of core field and flow models, to carefully extract the signals from TOs at different latitudes. (2) We refine the conventional flow modeling scheme by parameterizing the magnetic diffusion at the core surface. Here, the diffusion term is reinstated in the magnetic induction equation, which is dynamically constrained by relating it to the Lorentz term in the Navier-stokes equation. (3) We develop a method to compute the electromagnetic core-mantle coupling torque on the core fluid annuli, whereby the energy dissipation due to the Joule heating is evaluated for each annulus. This analysis would provide insights on whether the Earth's TOs are free or forced oscillations. (4) Bringing together physical implications and computational tools obtained by (1) to (3), we finally construct a dynamical model for the Earth's TOs and core-mantle coupling such that they are consistent with GRIMM and Earth rotation observation. This modeling is unique in that the force balances concerning the TOs are investigated in time domain, as well as that the modeling also aims at improving the observation-based core flow model by considering the core dynamics.
In subsoils, organic matter (SOM) concentrations and microbial densities are much lower than in topsoils and most likely highly heterogeneously distributed. We therefore hypothesize, that the spatial separation between consumers (microorganisms) and their substrates (SOM) is an important limiting factor for carbon turnover in subsoils. Further, we expect microbial activity to occur mainly in few hot spots, such as the rhizosphere or flow paths where fresh substrate inputs are rapidly mineralized. In a first step, the spatial distribution of enzyme and microbial activities in top- and subsoils will be determined in order to identify hot spots and relate this to apparent 14C age, SOM composition, microbial community composition and soil properties, as determined by the other projects within the research unit. In a further step it will be determined, if microbial activity and SOM turnover is limited by substrate availability in spatially distinct soil microsites. By relating this data to root distribution and preferential flow paths we will contribute to the understanding of stabilizing and destabilizing processes of subsoil organic matter. As it is unclear, at which spatial scale these differentiating processes are effective, the analysis of spatial variability will cover the dm to the mm scale. As spatial segregation between consumers and substrates will depend on the pore and aggregate architecture of the soil, the role of the physical integrity of these structures on SOM turnover will also be investigated in laboratory experiments.
Aufgrund des steigenden Bedarfs an Informationen über die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf lokaler Skala werden Regionale Klimamodelle (RCMs) in zunehmendem Maße mit höheren Auflösungen betrieben. Heutige RCMs sind in der Lage viele regionale Klimaprozesse zu erfassen und sie decken die meso-beta Skala (20 km bis 200 km) für Anwendungen in der Klimaforschung mit ausreichender Qualität ab. Basierend auf den Erfolg in der Numerischen Wettervorhersage (NWP) und gestützt vom generellen Fortschritt im Bereich der Computertechnologie, beginnen RCMs nun auch in die meso-beta Skala (2 km bis 20 km) vorzudringen. Dieser Skalensprung ist jedoch nicht trivial. Relevante Prozesse (z.B. hochreichende Konvektion) auf formals nicht aufgelösten Skalen werden nun aufgelöst, und es ist größten Teils unklar, wie heutige RCMs (ursprünglich für gröbere Skalen entwickelt) in der Lage sind, Klimaprozesse und deren skalenübergreifendes Wechselspiel zu erfassen. Im komplexen Gelände, wo Gebirge substanziellen Einfluss auf Wetter und Klima haben, gewinnt dies durch den Einfluss der Orographie zunehmend an Bedeutung. Darüber hinaus wird auch die Modellevaluierung zur Herausforderung: Beobachtungsdaten, welche die natürliche Variabilität in ausreichendem Maße abdecken, existieren nur in Ausnahmefällen (z.B. in speziellen Messkampagnen) und zeitliche und räumliche Versetzungen zwischen modellierten und beobachteten Größen ('double penalty problem') beschränken den Einsatz der traditionellen Fehlerstatistik. Im Vorläuferprojekt 'Nicht-hydrostatische Klimamodellierung (NHCM-1)', das vom Österreichischen Wissenschaftsfonds (FWF) gefördert wurde (Projektnummer P19619-N10), wurden erste Testsimulationen im Klimamodus auf Skalen, bei denen hochreichende Konvektion aufgelöst wird (=3 km Gitterpunktsabstand), im europäischen Alpenraum durchgeführt und analysiert. usw.
Der Layer stellt die klassifizierten Verweilzeiten in Jahren des Grund- und Sickerwassers in der Grundwasserüberdeckung für Hamburg dar. Weiterführende Erläuterungen zum Datensatz siehe Link zur Dokumentation unter "Verweise".
Dieser Datensatz stellt die Bodenbedeckung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg aus dem Amtlichen Liegenschaftskatasterinformationssystem (ALKIS) im INSPIRE Zielmodell dar.
Web Map Service (WMS) zum Thema Verweilzeiten Grundwasser Hamburg. Zur genaueren Beschreibung der Daten und Datenverantwortung nutzen Sie bitte den Verweis zur Datensatzbeschreibung.
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