Die Messstelle oh. KA Gennach (Messstellen-Nr: 143030) befindet sich im Gewässer Gennach. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des chemischen Zustands.
Die Messstelle uh. Brücke Walkersaich (Messstellen-Nr: 136256) befindet sich im Gewässer Isen. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des biologischen Zustands, des chemischen Zustands.
Die Messstelle uh. Brücke Walkersaich (Messstellen-Nr: 136256) befindet sich im Gewässer Isen in Bayern. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des biologischen Zustands, des chemischen Zustands.
Die Messstelle Zulauf Rothsee Wegbr (Messstellen-Nr: 128847) befindet sich im Gewässer Roth in Bayern. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des chemischen Zustands.
Die Messstelle oh Wehr Ornbau (Messstellen-Nr: 194191) befindet sich im Gewässer Altmühl in Bayern. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des chemischen Zustands.
Background Exposure to various pesticides, such as pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos, has been previously associated with adverse effects on children's health. Scientific evidence on the human toxicity of glyphosate (GLY) and its primary metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is limited, particularly for children. This study aimed to i) assess the exposure determinants of the studied pesticides measured in children in Cyprus, and ii) determine the association between the urinary pesticides and the biomarkers of DNA and lipid oxidative damage. Methods A children's health study was set up in Cyprus (ORGANIKO study) by aligning it with the methodology and tools used in the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU). Urinary GLY and AMPA, pyrethroid metabolites and the chlorpyrifos metabolite TCPy were measured in 177 children aged 10-11 years old, using mass spectrometry. Oxidative stress was assessed with 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a (8-iso-PGF2a) as a marker of lipid damage and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a DNA oxidative damage marker, both measured with immunoassays. Questionnaires about demographic characteristics, pesticide usage, and dietary habits were filled out by the parents. Multivariable regression models examined associations between pesticides and biomarkers of effect using two creatinine adjustments (cr1: adding it as covariate and cr2: biomarkers of exposure and effect were creatinine-adjusted). Results Parental educational level was a significant predictor of urinary pyrethroids but not for GLY/AMPA. Median [interquartile range, IQR] values for GLY and AMPA were <LOQ [<LOQ, 0.19] (micro)g/L and 0.18 [0.10, 0.29] (micro)g/L, respectively, while a moderate correlation was shown between GLY and AMPA (r = 0.45). 8-OHdG was positively associated with AMPA (beta = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.31, p = 0.03 cr2, and beta = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.0,0.24, p = 0.06, cr1), albeit not with GLY (p > 0.05). Similar significant associations with 8-OHdG were shown for a pyrethroid metabolite (3-PBA) and the chlorpyrifos metabolite (TCPy). No associations were observed between the aforementioned pesticides and 8-iso-PGF2a (p > 0.05). Conclusions This is the first children's health dataset demonstrating the association between AMPA and DNA oxidative damage, globally. More data is needed to replicate the observed trends in other children's populations around the globe. © 2022 The Authors
The risk assessment of pesticide residues in food is a key priority in the area of food safety. Most jurisdictions have implemented pre-marketing authorization processes, which are supported by prospective risk assessments. These prospective assessments estimate the expected residue levels in food combining results from residue trials, resembling the pesticide use patterns, with food consumption patterns, according to internationally agreed procedures. In addition, jurisdictions such as the European Union (EU) have implemented large monitoring programs, measuring actual pesticide residue levels in food, and are supporting large-scale human biomonitoring programs for confirming the actual exposure levels and potential risk for consumers. The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos offers an interesting case study, as in the last decade, its acceptable daily intake (ADI) has been reduced several times following risk assessments by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This process has been linked to significant reductions in the use authorized in the EU, reducing consumers exposure progressively, until the final ban in 2020, accompanied by setting all EU maximum residue levels (MRL) in food at the default value of 0.01 mg/kg. We present a comparison of estimates of the consumerââą Ìs internal exposure to chlorpyrifos based on the urinary marker 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), using two sources of monitoring data: monitoring of the food chain from the EU program and biomonitoring of European citizens from the HB4EU project, supported by a literature search. Both methods confirmed a drastic reduction in exposure levels from 2016 onwards. The margin of exposure approach is then used for conducting retrospective risk assessments at different time points, considering the evolution of our understanding of chlorpyrifos toxicity, as well as of exposure levels in EU consumers following the regulatory decisions. Concerns are presented using a color code, and have been identified for almost all studies, particularly for the highest exposed group, but at different levels, reaching the maximum level, red code, for children in Cyprus and Israel. The assessment uncertainties are highlighted and integrated in the identification of levels of concern. © 2022 by the authors.
Die Messstelle Stadtmühle_Donauwörth (Messstellen-Nr: 110232) befindet sich im Gewässer Wörnitz in Bayern. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des chemischen Zustands.
Tarazona, Jose V.; Gonzalez-Caballero, Maria D. C.; Alba-Gonzalez, Mercedes; Pedraza-Diaz, Susana; Canas, Ana; Dominguez-Morueco, Noelia; Esteban-Lopez, Marta; Cattaneo, Irene; Katsonouri, Andromachi; Makris, Konstantinos C.; Halldorsson, Thorhallur I.; Olafsdottir, Kristin; Zock, Jan-Paul; Dias, Jonatan; Decker, Annelies; Morrens, Bert; Berman, Tamar; Barnett-Itzhaki, Zohar; Lindh, Christian; Gilles, Liese; Govarts, Eva; Schoeters, Greet; Weber, Till; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Santonen, Tiina; Castano, Argelia Toxics 10 (2022); online: 9 Juni 2022 The risk assessment of pesticide residues in food is a key priority in the area of food safety. Most jurisdictions have implemented pre-marketing authorization processes, which are supported by prospective risk assessments. These prospective assessments estimate the expected residue levels in food combining results from residue trials, resembling the pesticide use patterns, with food consumption patterns, according to internationally agreed procedures. In addition, jurisdictions such as the European Union (EU) have implemented large monitoring programs, measuring actual pesticide residue levels in food, and are supporting large-scale human biomonitoring programs for confirming the actual exposure levels and potential risk for consumers. The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos offers an interesting case study, as in the last decade, its acceptable daily intake (ADI) has been reduced several times following risk assessments by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This process has been linked to significant reductions in the use authorized in the EU, reducing consumers' exposure progressively, until the final ban in 2020, accompanied by setting all EU maximum residue levels (MRL) in food at the default value of 0.01 mg/kg. We present a comparison of estimates of the consumer's internal exposure to chlorpyrifos based on the urinary marker 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), using two sources of monitoring data: monitoring of the food chain from the EU program and biomonitoring of European citizens from the HB4EU project, supported by a literature search. Both methods confirmed a drastic reduction in exposure levels from 2016 onwards. The margin of exposure approach is then used for conducting retrospective risk assessments at different time points, considering the evolution of our understanding of chlorpyrifos toxicity, as well as of exposure levels in EU consumers following the regulatory decisions. Concerns are presented using a color code, and have been identified for almost all studies, particularly for the highest exposed group, but at different levels, reaching the maximum level, red code, for children in Cyprus and Israel. The assessment uncertainties are highlighted and integrated in the identification of levels of concern. doi: 10.3390/toxics10060313
Das Projekt "Urbane Logistik: Implementierung und Weiterentwicklung des GLI:X Green Logistics Indicators in Südafrika" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz (BMUV) , Umweltbundesamt (UBA). Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: GESI Deutsche Gesellschaft für Systeminnovation mbH.Das Indikatorsystem GLI:X (Green Logistics Indicators), das ökologische, ökonomische und soziale Kriterien enthält, soll in diesem Forschungsvorhaben anhand von Städten und Regionen Südafrikas sowie der nationalen südafrikanischen Güterverkehrskorridore angewendet und weiterentwickelt werden. Dazu ist notwendig, weite Teile des Prozesses zur Indikatorenbildung neu aufzugreifen und für die jeweilige Städte, Regionen und Korridore anzupassen. Gleiches gilt für den zweiten Arbeitsschritt, in dem ein Konzept erarbeitet werden soll, das aufzeigt, wie das für urbane Räume ausgelegte Indikatorensystem GLI:X auf die nationale Ebene in Südafrika übertragen werden kann. Im Fokus sind dabei vor allem die Städte Kapstadt, Durban und Port Elisabeth als die großen Seehäfen Südafrikas mit Bedeutung für das gesamte Südliche Afrika, sowie die Güterverkehrskorridore, zwischen Johannesburg/Gauteng und den genannten Hafenstädten, auf denen perspektivisch der intermodale Verkehr gestärkt werden soll. Übergeordnetes Ziel ist es darüber hinaus mit dem weiterentwickelten Indikatorensystem einen Beitrag zu den internationalen Standardisierungs- und Normungsbemühung der Internationalen Standardisierungsorganisation (ISO) für Smart City Konzepte, hier für den Bereich der urbanen Logistik, zu leisten.
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