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Crosshole seismic data at ICDP site 5068_1

This seismic crosshole dataset was acquired in the context of the DOVE project (Drilling Overdeep-ened Alpine Valleys) at ICDP site 5068_1 (Tannwald Basin) to image the glacial sediments at sub-meter scale. It consists of the field data with geographical coordinates. The project aims to investigate the landscape evolution in the Alpine region by drilling overdeep-ened valleys and analyzing the cores (DOVE-Phase 1 Scientific Team, Schaller et al., 2023, Schuster et al., 2024). At site 5068_1 (Tannwald Basin), three boreholes were drilled to a depth of about 160 m depth, reaching the bedrock. Boreholes 5068_1_A and 5068_1_B were flush drilling and bore-hole 5068_1_C was cored. In 2022, the boreholes were used to perform high-resolution crosshole seismic measurements in order to image the glacial sediments at sub-meter scale. This dataset con-sists of the seismic field data with geographical coordinates and is subdivided by (1) the used source and receiver borehole equipment (P: sparker and 24-station hydrophone string, SV: vertically polarizing shear wave source and three-component geophone string with eight geophones, SH: horizontally polarizing shear wave source and three-component geophone string with eight geophones), (2) the respective borehole plane (BA, BC, and AC), and (3) the acquisition geometry (STRING, CIRCLE, LINE_BA, LINE_BC, LINE_AC). The surface seismic data (CIRCLE, LINE_BA, LINE_BC, LINE_AC) was recorded by three-component geophones. The seismic data is provided in SEGY Rev. 1.0 format together with geometry files in csv-format.

Soil moisture response, stable water isotope profiles, and trinary images of vertical subsurface flow paths across the evolution of siliceous and calcareous soil in proglacial areas

The data set was collected to identify hydrological processes and their evolution over it time. It consists of several individual files in tabstop delimeted text format. The data set contains the data obtained from deuterium and brilliant blue tracer experiments at two chronosequence studies in the glacier forefield of the Stone Glacier and the Griessfirn in the central Alps, Switzerland. Each chronosequence consisted of four moraines of different ages (from 30 to 13500 years). At each forefield sprinkling experiments with deuterium and dye tracer experiments with blue dye (Brilliant Blue) were conducted on three plots per moraine. The moraines at the forefield of the Stone Glacier developed from siliceous parent material and at the forefield of the Griessfirn from calcareous parent material. Data from the siliceous forefield are marked with (S) and data from the calcareous forefield are marked with (C). The data set consist of soil moisture time series and soil water isotope profiles of the sprinkling experiments with deuterium, as well as trinary images of stained vertical subsurface flow paths from the dye tracer experiment. The individual plots per moraine are distinguished via their position relative to one another on the moraine (left, middle, and right, looking upslope). The plots used for the sprinkling experiments were located in close vicinity to the plots used for the dye tracer experiments. For the sprinkling experiments with deuterium each plot (4m x 6m) per age class was equipped with 6 soil moisture sensors. Three of these sensors were installed as a sensor profile at one side of the plot about one meter downslope from the upper plot boundary. The sensors were installed at 10, 30, and 50 cm soil depth. On the other side of the plot, two sensors were placed in 10 cm depth, one opposite to the sensor profile and the second sensor one meter upslope from the lower plot boundary. The sixth sensor was placed at 10 cm depth in the center of the plot. The plots were irrigated on three consecutive days with three different irrigation intensities and deuterium concentrations. Per forefield, the soil moisture data are listed in one file per age class. The file contains for each plot, the time stamp and the soil moisture values of the 6 sensors.

Laboratory and field data used to determine the controls of drainage density differences in two granitoid plutons in semi-arid Central Chile

Here we provide in situ 10Be data, meteoric 10Be data, X-Ray fluorescence data, infiltration rate field date, chemical extraction data, a summary of grain size data, all grain size data (Table S7), mineral point counting data, XRD data, soil grain size data, and data from laboratory measurements of hydrological parameters. Field work in Santa Gracia was conducted in February of the years 2019 and 2020 and laboratory work was conducted between 2019 and 2023. This data publication accompanies our study (Lodes et al., 2024), in which we investigate whether lithology controls drainage density in Santa Gracia, a semi-arid field site in Central Chile. In the study, we compare the density of drainages in two distinct, neighbouring landscapes underlain by a monzogranite and two diorite plutons (which we refer to as the “inner diorite” and the “outer diorite”). We collected multiple datasets to understand the underlying mechanisms behind the drainage density differences. The data was collected as part of the German Science Foundation (DFG) priority research program SPP-1803 “EarthShape: Earth Surface Shaping by Biota” (grant SCHE 1676/4-1 and -2 to D. S.; funding of P. G. through grant BE 1780/53-1 and -2).

High-resolution soil surface photos of young moraines in the Swiss Alps

High resolution daylight photos with contour lines of the surface topography of moraine study plots with the dimensions (4m x 6m). The photos were taken in August 2018 in the proglacial area of the Steingletscher. Two photos show plots on a moraine that turned ice-free in 1860, three photos show plots that turned ice-free in 1990.

Morphological and geo-environmental features of three North Patagonian volcanoe areas (Calbuco, Chaitén, and Huequi) used for hierarchical Bayesian logistic regression for landslide predictions

The data presented here correspond to a (point) sampling of areas with presence (or not) of landslides from three study areas located in North Patagonia (Calbuco, Huequi and Chaitén). Morphometric and geo-environmental parameter values have been obtained for each sample point. We compiled inventories of landslides that occurred between 2001 and 2019 by mapping from Google Earth® imagery and local ground checks between 2014 and 2019. We mapped landslides using diagnostics such as distinct, elongate, and contrast-rich forest gaps with bare scars showing displaced soil, and rock together with transport zones and runout lobes (Fiorucci et al., 2011). We mapped a total of 411 landslides in Calbuco, 38 in Huequi, and 616 in Chaitén, covering 0.6%, 0.4% and 0.8% of each study area. We performed a random sampling for each area considering a balanced number of landslide and unaffected terrain samples. For the Calbuco area, 411 points (pixels) were obtained in areas with landslides and 411 in areas not affected by landslides; in the case of Huequi the number of samples was 494 (landslides) and 494 (no landslides zones); in Chaitén 617 (landslides) and 617 (no landslides zones). The data are presented as three csv files for the three study areas.

R-script notebook for Hierarchical Bayesian logistic regression for predicting landslides in north Patagonia, Chile

The file corresponds to a code written using the R software version 4.0.5 (R Core Team, 2021). We used a Bayesian robust regression to predict the posterior probability P(L) at which a given location yi in our study areas (north Patagonia, Chile) is classified as part of a landslide source, transport, or deposition area. We used the NUTS sampling scheme implemented in the STAN probabilistic programming language (Carpenter et al., 2017) to draw samples from the joint posterior distribution via the R package brms (Bürkner, 2017). We ran four independent Hamiltonian Monte Carlo chains based on 2000 iterations including 500 warm-up samples and checked each chain for convergence. We assessed the performance of this classifier based on its posterior predictive distribution and recorded the fraction of correct classifications compared to the observed frequency of landslides in all study areas and for all landform types. We find that higher crown openness and wind speeds credibly predict higher probabilities of detecting landslides regardless of topographic location, though much better in low-order channels and on midslope locations than on open slopes. Wind speed has less predictive power in areas that were impacted by tephra fall from recent volcanic eruptions, while the influence of forest cover in terms of crown openness remains.

Global dataset of submarine canyon heads combined with terrestrial and marine topographic and oceanographic parameters

Submarine canyons are prime conduits for sediment-laden flows that link terrestrial sediment sources with deep-marine depocenters. If the distance between the canyon head and the shore is short, terrestrial sediment, associated pollutants and organic carbon is efficiently delivered to the deep ocean. The efficiency of sediment routing from land to the ocean depends on the position of submarine canyon heads with regard to terrestrial sediment sources. However, the detailed controls on why a submarine canyon is incised into the shelf or why it remained connected or became disconnected from terrestrial sediment supply during rising sea level are poorly understood. In this dataset, we identified 4717 canyon heads a long the major continents between 50°N and 50°S (excluding islands). We assigned 55 variables to these submarine canyon heads, including terrestrial and marine topographic variables, oceanographic variables, lithologic variables of the onshore catchments, and canyon topographic variables. These data can be used to better understand the geomorphology and extent of submarine canyons and their connectivity to terrestrial sediment sources.

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