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This dataset comprises new chemical, isotopic and geochronological analyses for 3 samples from the Cenomanian Serra do Cuó olivine basalts from northeast Brazil. Whole rock major, trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope compositions as well as mineral oxide compositions for pyroxenes, plagioclase, olivine, and Fe-Ti oxides. New analyses on 3 samples are presented in the bulk and in-situ data templates developed by EarthChem. A compilation of all new analyses and previous whole-rock data from Sial (1978) are also provided. Analyses were carried out at the Geoanalítica Core Facility, Isotope Geology Research Center and Geochronological Research Center (CPGeo) at the Instituto de Geociências, University of São Paulo, Brazil. This dataset is supplementary to: Macêdo Filho, A. A., Oliveira, A. L., Klöcking, M., Janasi, V. A., Archanjo, C. J., & Lino, L. M. (2025). Petrology of Cenomanian basalts on the Brazilian equatorial margin: Implications for the tectonomagmatic evolution of the drift phase. Geochemistry, 126248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2025.126248. The data publication includes the following Excel Tables: (1) 2025-002_MacedoFilho_BulkSample_Analyses (DIGIS/EarthChem Template, EarthChem Team, 2022a): Whole rock major, trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope compositions and 40Ar/39Ar age; with additional information on sample collection and analytical methods. (2) 2025-002_MacedoFilho_InSitu_Analyses (DIGIS /EarthChem Template, EarthChem Team, 2022b): Mineral oxide compositions for pyroxene, plagioclase, olivine, and Fe-Ti oxides; with additional information on sample collection and analytical methods. (3) 2025-002_MacedoFilho_suppl-compiled: supplementary data tables from Macêdo Filho et al. (2025). Excel file with the six spreadsheets: Table A1. whole-rock chemistry; Table A2. Feldspar chemistry; Table A3. Pyroxene chemistry; Table A4. Olivine chemistry; Table A5. Titanomagnetite chemistry; Table A6. Ar-Ar Geochronology. Table A1 compiles analyses from Sial (1978) as well as new data. Reference: Sial, A. N. (1978). Major and trace chemistry of the Tertiary basaltic suite of Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba, northeast Brazil. Jornal de Mineralogia, 7, 119-128.
This dataset includes new geochemical and isotopic analyses for 10 samples from the Vitória dike swarm in southeastern Brazil. Analytical work was conducted at the Geoanalítica Core Facility of the Instituto de Geociências, University of São Paulo, and at the Geochronology Laboratory of the University of Brasília, both in Brazil.
We present a new, consistently processed seismicity catalogue for the Eastern and Southern Alps, based on the temporary dense Swath-D monitoring network. The final catalogue includes 6,053 earthquakes for the time period 2017-2019 and has a magnitude of completeness of −1.0ML. The smallest detected and located events have a magnitude of −1.7ML. Aimed at the low to moderate seismicity in the study region, we generated a multi-level, mostly automatic workflow which combines a priori information from local catalogues and waveform-based event detection, subsequent efficient GPU-based event search by template matching, P & S arrival time pick refinement and location in a regional 3-D velocity model. The resulting seismicity distribution generally confirms the previously identified main seismically active domains, but provides increased resolution of the fault activity at depth. In particular, the high number of small events additionally detected by the template search contributes to a more dense catalogue, providing an important basis for future geological and tectonic studies in this complex part of the Alpine orogen.
In order to understand the difference between high temperature drop across the mantle's basal thermal boundary layer and much lower plume excess temperatures we evaluated computations with ASPECT. Some of them are published in the Ph.D. thesis of Poulami Roy, some others in previous work. Hence here we only include those models that are not published elsewhere. We also provide the routine to extract maximum and average plume temperatures versus depth. Our results show reduced excess temperatures, if plumes are more sheet-like, similar to 2-D models, or temperature at their source depth is less than at the CMB, for example if they are sourced on top of thermochemical piles. Excess temperatures are further reduced when averaged over the plume conduit or melting region. We provide here the prm files and required input files for the Aspect 2-D cases shown in Figures 2 and 3, which are the only cases that are neither included in Steinberger et al. (2023) nor in the Ph.D. thesis of Poulami Roy (2024). Figure 2 is computed with matteo_4.prm; in this case, the initial temperature is in initial_temp_ascii_2, prescribed (zero) surface velocitites are in vel-top-zero Figure 3 is computed with matteo_14.prm; in this case, the initial temperature is in in initial_temp_ascii_4b. In both cases, radial_visc_simple.txt is the radial viscosity structure corresponding to adiabatic temperatures, and the file temp-viscosity-prefactor.txt specifies the lateral viscosity variations due to temperature variations. We also provide the Routine post_processing_matteo_10km.py for extracting plume temperatures versus depth, written by Matteo Jopke. Furthermore, we provide csv files for all time steps listed in Tables B1 and B2 and shown in Figures 5-7 of the paper. These data have been used to compute plume temperatures and anomalous mass fluxes, in order to address the question posed in the title of the paper. Files are grouped according to model runs into tar files with the same name. The tables are also provided in the Appendix of this data description. The model files are grouped in .tar files according to the model types: single_plume.tar, 2_10.tar; 2.5_2_10.tar; no_slap.tar)
The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) drilling project focuses on understanding orogenic processes in western Scandinavia (Lorenz et al., 2015). The project presents an opportunity to study how heat transport affects brittle and ductile deformation in the lithosphere. Here, we present results of measurements with an optical scanning instrument (Thermal Conductivity Scanner; TCS) on about 100 core samples retrieved from the borehole COSC-1. Details about the measurement procedures are given in the following sections. For a list of core sample IDs that are assigned with International Generic Sample Numbers (IGSN, see Conze et al., 2017), please see the associated data description file. The sample IDs give the identifier of the borehole (5054_1_a) and then core# and section# (e.g., 5054_1_A_7_1_WR_4-24, where core# is 7 and section# is 1). Further information (e.g., elevation, depth, sample photos, etc.) about each sample can be found on the GFZ Data Services repository. Individual sample pages can be accessed directly using the IGSN, for example: https://igsn.org/ICDP5054EX71601 (or via the links in the Related Works section of this DOI landing page). The TCS measurements were made at the Fraunhofer Institute, Bochum, formerly known as the International Geothermal Centre, Bochum, on a Lippmann Geophysical Instruments TCSCAN, hardware version 2 (https://www.l-gm.de/en/en_tcs.html). The procedure used for the measurements is described in the user manual, which can be found at https://www.tcscan.de.
The dataset contains the seismic weight drop data acquired in Private Reserve Santa Gracia, Chile. The data acquisition was conducted as a part of the EarthShape project in the subproject of Geophysical Imaging of the Deep EarthShape (GIDES). The seismic line was setup to cut across an existing borehole location with core and geophysical logging data available (Krone et al., 2021; Weckmann et al., 2020). The data was acquired to image the deep weathering zone identified by the borehole data across the seismic profile. Included in the datasets are the raw data of the CUBE data logger, SEG-Y data of the recorded shots, and the shot and receiver geometry data. A vital aspect of comprehending the interplay between geological and biological processes lies in the imaging of the critical zone, located deep beneath the surface, where the transition from unaltered bedrock to fragmented regolith occurs. It had been hypothesized that the depth of such weathering zone is dependent on the climate condition of the area. A more humid climate with higher precipitation will result in a deeper weathering front. As a part of the EarthShape project (SPP-1803 ‘EarthShape: Earth Surface Shaping by Biota’), specifically the Geophysical Imaging of the Deep EarthShape (GIDES - Grant No. KR 2073/5-1), we aim to image the weathering zone using the geophysical approach. Using the seismic method, we can differentiate different weathered layers based on the seismic velocity while also providing a 2D subsurface image of the critical zone. We conducted a seismic weight drop experiment in the Private Reserve Santa Gracia, Chile, to observe the depth of the weathering zone in a semi-arid climate and compare the resulting model with existing borehole data (Krone et al., 2021; Weckmann et al., 2020). The acquired data can then be used for multiple seismic imaging techniques, including body wave tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves.
In this dataset we provide top-view photos and perspective photos (to create topographic data, i.e. Digital Elevation Models, DEMs) documenting analogue model deformation. For more details on modelling setup, experimental series Wang et al. (2021), to which this dataset is supplementary material. For details on analogue materials refer to Del Ventisette et al., 2019, Maestrelli et al. (2020). The analogue modelling experiments were carried out at the TOOLab (Tectonic Modelling Laboratory) of the Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources of the National Research Council of Italy, Italy, and the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Florence. The laboratory work that produced these data was supported by the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) and by the Joint Research Unit (JRU) EPOS Italia. Additional analysis, following the original work, was supported by the “Monitoring Earth’s Evolution and Tectonics” (MEET) project
The dataset contains the seismic weight drop data acquired in Private Reserve Santa Gracia, Chile. The data acquisition was conducted as a part of the EarthShape project in the subproject of Geophysical Imaging of the Deep EarthShape (GIDES). The seismic line was setup to cut across an existing borehole location with core and geophysical logging data available (Krone et al., 2021; Weckmann et al., 2020). The data was acquired to image the deep weathering zone identified by the borehole data across the seismic profile. Included in the datasets are the raw data of the CUBE data logger, SEG-Y data of the recorded shots, and the shot and receiver geometry data. A vital aspect of comprehending the interplay between geological and biological processes lies in the imaging of the critical zone, located deep beneath the surface, where the transition from unaltered bedrock to fragmented regolith occurs. It had been hypothesized that the depth of such weathering zone is dependent on the climate condition of the area. A more humid climate with higher precipitation will result in a deeper weathering front. As a part of the EarthShape project (SPP-1803 ‘EarthShape: Earth Surface Shaping by Biota’), specifically the Geophysical Imaging of the Deep EarthShape (GIDES - Grant No. KR 2073/5-1), we aim to image the weathering zone using the geophysical approach. Using the seismic method, we can differentiate different weathered layers based on the seismic velocity while also providing a 2D subsurface image of the critical zone. We conducted a seismic weight drop experiment in the Private Reserve Santa Gracia, Chile, to observe the depth of the weathering zone in a semi-arid climate and compare the resulting model with existing borehole data (Krone et al., 2021; Weckmann et al., 2020). The acquired data can then be used for multiple seismic imaging techniques, including body wave tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves.
This dataset presents the raw data from one experimental series (named CCEX, i.e., Caldera Collapse under regional Extension) of analogue models performed to investigate the process of caldera collapse followed by regional extension. Our experimental series tested the case of perfectly circular collapsed calderas afterward stretched under regional extensional conditions, that resulted in elongated calderas. The models are primarily intended to quantify the role of regional extension on the elongation of collapsed calderas observed in extensional settings, such as the East African Rift System. An overview of the performed analogue models is provided in Table 1. Analogue models have been analysed quantitatively by means of photogrammetric reconstruction of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) used for 3D quantification of the deformation, and top-view photo analysis for qualitative descriptions. The analogue materials used in the setup of these models are described in Montanari et al. (2017), Del Ventisette et al. (2019), Bonini et al., 2021 and Maestrelli et al. (2021a,b).
We present a comprehensive 3D lithospheric-scale model of the South China Sea region (SCS), which reveals the structural configuration of the area. This model delineates seven distinct geological units: (1) seawater, (2) sedimentary cover, (3) continental crystalline crust, (4) oceanic crust, (5) upper lithospheric mantle, (6) lower lithospheric mantle, and (7) sub-lithospheric mantle. The model covers an area of 960 km × 1260 km and reach down to a depth of 250 km. It is provided as uniformly spaced grids with 10 km intervals for each unit. The geometries and density distributions within the crust have been compiled and interpolated from a variety of datasets, predominantly seismic data (see section 6). To eliminate boundary effects, the model boundaries have been extended by more than 500 km in all horizontal directions, incorporating additional constraining data from the extended region. Additionally, we provide gridded gravity field data, a density voxel cube for the sub-lithospheric mantle, and relevant tomography data. Notably, the density of the lower lithospheric mantle was derived from 3D gravity inversion modeling.
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