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Data from the German Continental Deep Drilling Project (KTB, Kontinentale Tiefbohrung)

This data collection provides digital access to data and publications of the KTB (German Continental Deep Drilling Program) project. KTB was a very detailed, long-term Earth science investigation on the structure, dynamics and formation of the Central European crust in Northeastern Bavaria, Germany (Harms, Kück 2016). With geophysical sounding and ultra-deep drilling it elucidated a crustal block at the border of a micro-continental collision zones amalgamated during the Caledonian and Variscan orogenies. Major research themes were: i) the nature of geophysical structures and phenomena, ii) the crustal stress field and the brittle-ductile transition, iii) the thermal structure of the crust, iv) crustal fluids and transport processes, and v) structure and evolution of the central European Variscan basement. KTB started in 1982 with pre-site selection studies and scientific objective definition followed in 1985 by site selection studies including shallow boreholes. From 1987 to 1990 a pilot borehole of 4000 m depth was drilled and fluid tests and borehole studies were conducted. In 1990 started drilling of a so-called superdeep main borehole of 9101 m depth that was reached in 1994. Again, the final drilling phase was concluded with large-scale fluid and seismic experiments. The rocks drilled comprise metamorphic series of mafic volcanic, volcano-clastics as well as minor gabbroic to ultramafic rocks that are intercalated with leucocratic meta-sedimentary gneisses. They represent most likely a deeply subducted accretionary wedge mélange with a complex P-T-t history. The undisturbed bottom hole temperature is ~265°C. Among the outstanding results are the following: (1) A continuous profile of the complete stress tensor was obtained. (2) Several lines of evidence indicate that KTB reached the present-day brittle-ductile transition. (3) The drilled crustal segment is distinguished by large amounts of free fluids down to mid-crustal levels. (4) The role of post-orogenic brittle deformation had been grossly underestimated. (5) Steep-angle seismic reflection surveys depict the deformation pattern of the upper crust. (6) High-resolution seismic images of the crust can be obtained with a newly developed technique of true-amplitude prestack depth migration. (7) The electrical behavior of the crust is determined by secondary graphite (+/-sulfides) in shear zones. (after Emmermann und Lauterjung (1997)

Hydrochemichal analysis thermal water Bad Blumau, Austria

Hydrochemical analysis thermal water Insheim, Germany

The main objective of the work package 2 of the REFLECT project is to characterise relevant fluid properties and their reactions for saline fluids (type C). One of the specific goals was to collect fluid samples from several saline fluids from geothermal sites across Europe, determine their properties, and thus contribute to the Fluid Atlas (WP3). Additionally, the REFLECT team will compare those field data with data from lab experiments performed at near natural conditions. Samples of type C fluids were taken from several sites in Germany, Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands. The samples were analysed for major and minor ions, dissolved gases and isotopes. Two thermal water samples were taken by Hydroisotop at the production and injection wells in Insheim on 18th of June 2020. The samples were analysed for their hydrochemical composition, heavy metal and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, dissolved gases and stable isotopes of water and gas components (18O, 2H, 34S-H2S, 34S-SO4, 18O-SO4, 13C-DIC, 13C-CO2, 13C-CH4, 2H-CH4). Nitrate and a positive redox potential is present in both water samples when reducing conditions would be expected in a deep geothermal well. On-site measurements showed no oxygen present. It is however possible that air contamination during sampling caused some ammonium to oxidize to nitrate. The dataset contains analysis results associated with the research project REFLECT. It is a comma separated file (csv) containing the following columns: Location,Country,Description,Laboratory (Lab.),Lab. No.,Sampling date,Temperature at sampling (degC),Spec. electr. conductivity (25 degC) at sampling (muS/cm),Spec. electr. conductivity (25 degC) Lab. (muS/cm),pH value at sampling,pH value Lab.,Dissolved oxygen content (mg/l),Redox potential (mV),Base capacity (pH 8.2) (mmol/l),Alkalinity (pH 4.3) on site (mmol/l),Alkalinity (pH 4.3) Lab. (mmol/l),Sodium (mg/l),Potassium (mg/l),Calcium (mg/l),Magnesium (mg/l),Ammonium (mg/l),Hydrogen carbonate (mg/l),Chloride (mg/l),Sulphate (mg/l),Nitrate (mg/l),Antimony (mg/l),Barium (mg/l),Bromide (mg/l),Fluoride (mg/l),Iodide (mg/l),Lithium (mg/l),Molybdenum (mg/l),Total phosphate (mg/l),Ortho-phosphate (mg/l),Silicon (mg/l),Strontium (mg/l),Sulphide total (mg/l),Aluminium (mg/l),Arsenic (mg/l),Lead (mg/l),Iron total (mg/l),Copper (mg/l),Manganese total (mg/l),Nickel (mg/l),Uranium (mg/l),Zinc (mg/l),DOC (mg/l),Hydrogen (Nml/kg),Oxygen (Nml/kg),Nitrogen (Nml/kg),Carbon dioxide (Nml/kg),Methane (Nml/kg),Ethane (Nml/kg),Propane (Nml/kg),Butane (Nml/kg),Pentane (Nml/kg),Helium (Nml/kg),Argon (Nml/kg),Sum Gases (Nml/kg),Oxygen-18 d18O-H2O (per mille VSMOW),Deuterium d2H-H2O (per mille VSMOW),Deuterium-excess (per mille VSMOW),Carbon-13 d13C-DIC (per mille VPDB),Sulphur-34 d34S-SO4 (per mille V-CDT),Sulphur-34 d34S-H2S (per mille V-CDT),Oxygen-18 d18O-SO4 (per mille VSMOW),Carbon-13 d13C-CO2 (per mille VPDB),Carbon-13 d13C-CH4 (per mille VPDB),Deuterium d2H-CH4 (per mille VPDB). Methods are described in the accompanying deliverable Fluid data of geothermal sites (type C)

Hydrochemical analysis thermal water Neustadt-Glewe, Germany

Hydrochemichal analysis thermal water Gross Schoenebeck, Germany

The main objective of the work package 2 of the REFLECT project is to characterise relevant fluid properties and their reactions for saline fluids (type C). One of the specific goals was to collect fluid samples from several saline fluids from geothermal sites across Europe, determine their properties, and thus contribute to the Fluid Atlas (WP3). Additionally, the REFLECT team will compare those field data with data from lab experiments performed at near natural conditions. Samples of type C fluids were taken from several sites in Germany, Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands. The samples were analysed for major and minor ions, dissolved gases and isotopes. In order to gain information about the increased methane content (about 65 vol-%) in the gas samples of the Groß Schönebeck production well (GrSk05/05) collected in February 2021 as compared to previous samples in 2010-2018 (10-14 vol-%), three gas samples were sampled by GFZ on 02 March 2021 at the valve at the wellhead when releasing the pressure from the wellhead. Main gas composition was measured by GFZ indicating again predominantly CH4 (63,9-64,2 Vol-%) followed by N2 (30,9 – 31,2 vol.-%) with minor amounts of H2 (3,4 vol-%) and CO2 (0,01-0,04 vol-%). Potential reasons for the increased methane content could be either microbial activity or contribution of fluid / gas from a different source within the reservoir. To determine the origin of methane, therefore, isotope analyses were performed. The samples arrived at Hydroisotop on March 13th 2021 for the analysis of higher hydrocarbons (C2-C5) and their isotopic composition (13C-CO2, 13C -CH4, 13C-CxHy and 2H-CH4). Together with the measured high amounts of higher hydrocarbons (ethane, propane etc.) they indicate a rather thermogenic source of the hydrocarbons. To better clarify the question of the source of methane, additionally, two downhole water samples from two different depths (1500 and 4000 m) were taken by GFZ on 09th and 10th of June 2021 and sent to Hydroisotop for analysis of main cations and anions, heavy metals, trace elements and isotopes (13C-CH4) in July 2021. The water sample composition resembles those of earlier measurements of samples collected in Groß Schönebeck (e.g. Regenspurg et al., 2010). However, since the well had not been in operation for a while a depth differentiation between the sample from 4000 m and the one from 1500 m is obvious. This was already visible by the black precipitate observed in the 4000 m sample, whereas the sample at 1500 m showed da reddish precipitate of presumably iron oxides. It should be noted that the nitrate content of the water samples is unusually high since reducing conditions are expected. This could have been caused by air contact of the sample and subsequent oxidation. Furthermore, a reduced silicon content shows in sample 365871 compared to sample 365870. Given the high temperature of the well, the higher silicon content is more plausible. The dataset contains analysis results associated with the research project REFLECT. It is a comma separated file (csv) containing the following columns: Location,Country,Description,Laboratory (Lab.),Lab. No.,Sampling date,Sodium (mg/l),Potassium (mg/l),Calcium (mg/l),Magnesium (mg/l),Chloride (mg/l),Sulphate (mg/l),Nitrate (mg/l),Antimony (mg/l),Barium (mg/l),Bromide (mg/l),Fluoride (mg/l),Iodide (mg/l),Lithium (mg/l),Silicon (mg/l),Strontium (mg/l),Aluminium (mg/l),Arsenic (mg/l),Lead (mg/l),Copper (mg/l),Manganese total (mg/l),Nickel (mg/l),Uranium (mg/l),Zinc (mg/l),Ethane (vpm),Propane (vpm),i-Butane (vpm),n-Butane (vpm),i-Pentane (vpm),n-Pentane (vpm),Ethene (vpm),Propene (vpm),1-Butene (vpm),Carbon-13 d13C-CO2 (per mille VPDB),Carbon-13 d13C-CH4 (per mille VPDB),Deuterium d2H-CH4 (per mille VPDB),Carbon-13 d13C-C2H6 (per mille VPDB),Carbon-13 d13C-C3H8 (per mille VPDB),Carbon-13 d13C-i-C4H10 (per mille VPDB),Carbon-13 d13C-n-C4H10 (per mille VPDB) Methods are described in the accompanying deliverable Fluid data of geothermal sites (type C).

Mechanical and microstructural data used in: “Inelastic deformation of the Slochteren sandstone: Stress-strain relations and implications for induced seismicity in the Groningen gas field"

Pore pressure reduction in sandstone reservoirs generally leads to small elastic plus inelastic strains. These small strains (0.1 – 1.0% in total) may lead to surface subsidence and induced seismicity. In current geomechanical models, the inelastic component is usually neglected, though its contribution to stress-strain behaviour is poorly constrained.To help bridge this gap, we performed deviatoric and hydrostatic stress-cycling experiments on Slochteren sandstone samples from the seismogenic Groningen gas field in the Netherlands. We explored in-situ conditions of temperature (T = 100°C) and pore fluid chemistry, porosities of 13 to 26% and effective confining pressures (≤ 320 MPa) and differential stresses (≤ 135 MPa) covering and exceeding those relevant to producing fields. The findings of our work are outlined in the corresponding paper. The data presented here are the measured mechanical tabular data and microstructural data (stitched mosaic of backscatter electron images) provided as uncompressed jpg images. In addition, for one sample we include chemical element maps obtained through Electron Dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX).

Topic	Count
Boden	6
Lebewesen und Lebensräume	6
Luft	4
Mensch und Umwelt	6
Wasser	4
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Found 6 results.

Data from the German Continental Deep Drilling Project (KTB, Kontinentale Tiefbohrung)

Hydrochemichal analysis thermal water Bad Blumau, Austria

Hydrochemical analysis thermal water Insheim, Germany

Hydrochemical analysis thermal water Neustadt-Glewe, Germany

Hydrochemichal analysis thermal water Gross Schoenebeck, Germany

Mechanical and microstructural data used in: “Inelastic deformation of the Slochteren sandstone: Stress-strain relations and implications for induced seismicity in the Groningen gas field"