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In 2019, as part of the interdisciplinary DFG priority program SPP1803 „EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota“, the DeepEarthShape project was launched. The main goal of this German-Chilean research initiative was to gain a broader understanding of the interaction between geological, geochemical and biological processes controlling the weathering in the first tens to hundred metres of the subsurface. The elongated Chilean Coastal Range was selected as the ideal study area to investigate the effects of vegetation, precipitation and erosion on the transformation of intact bedrock into regolith within the so-called critical zone (CZ). This area encompasses several climate zones, from dry to humid, within a similar geological complex. We have carried out a Radio-Magnetotelluric (RMT) survey using a horizontal magnetic dipole (HMD) transmitter to image the electrical resistivity distribution, the lateral extent of the near-surface layers and the CZ at two sites of the DeepEarthShape project – Santa Gracia (shown in this data publication) and Nahuelbuta (https://doi.org/10.5880/GIPP-MT.202003.1).
New magnetotelluric (MT) data were collected in the Spremberg area (Brandeburg, eastern Germany) at 22 sites along 2 perpendicular profiles. All sites were equipped with five-component broad-band MT stations recording three magnetic field components and two horizontal electric field components. The main objective of the study was to assess the utility of MT techniques for mineral exploration at depth in sedimentary basins and for a region which is affected by strong electromagnetic noise from various sources. In particular, we aim to quantify the electrical conductivity distribution of the top 0.1–5 km of the Earth’s crust to determine electrically conductive zones and their possible correlation with sulfide mineralization. <default:br/> Interestingly, the MT data were recorded during a series of very powerful geomagnetic storms (Kp index 5-9). During the storms (from 10-13 May 2024), the quality of the derived MT transfer functions was generally much higher than for the geomagnetically quiet periods.<default:br/> This data publication (10.5880/GIPP-MT.202403.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
The largest earthquakes occur at tectonic plate boundaries in subduction zones, known as subduction megathrusts. The subduction megathrust in northern Chile (19°-23°S) has been monitored since 2007 by the Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC) network, which includes an array of 11 long-period magnetotelluric (MT) sites to infer changes in deep fluid distribution. Here we present time-series data from 2007-2016, the interval encompassing the precursory and foreshock seismic sequences of the 2007 Mw 7.7 Tocopilla and 2014 Mw 8.1 Iquique earthquakes, an interval that also includes a dozen slow slip events. The time series for this data publication represent a subset of the MT data recorded within the framework of the IPOC project. The dataset comprises 5-component MT data from 5 sites with sampling rate of 8 Hz and 1 Hz. This data publication (10.5880/GIPP-MT.200699.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
In 2019, as part of the interdisciplinary DFG priority program SPP1803 „EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota“, the DeepEarthShape project was launched. The main goal of this German-Chilean research initiative was to gain a broader understanding of the interaction between geological, geochemical and biological processes controlling the weathering in the first tens to hundred metres of the subsurface. The elongated Chilean Coastal Range was selected as the ideal study area to investigate the effects of vegetation, precipitation and erosion on the transformation of intact bedrock into regolith within the so-called critical zone (CZ). This area encompasses several climate zones, from dry to humid, within a similar geological complex. We have carried out a Radio-Magnetotelluric (RMT) survey using a horizontal magnetic dipole (HMD) transmitter to image the electrical resistivity distribution, the lateral extent of the near-surface layers and the CZ at two sites of the DeepEarthShape project - Santa Gracia and Nahuelbuta (shown in this data publication).
The Roter Kamm Crater is a 3.7-million-year-old meteoritic impact crater in the Sperrgebiet National Park in southern Namibia. The Sperrgebiet National Park, officially Tsau ǁKhaeb (Sperrgebiet) National Park, is a national park and former diamond mining area in southern Namibia. Since 1908 the public has had no access to the area and even when it was proclaimed a national park in 2008 most of the restrictions remained, leaving the environment mainly undisturbed and unexplored. The geophysical exploration of the Roter Kamm Crater can bring valuable information about its internal structure, as only a very limited number of geophysical studies had been carried out at this site. Prior gravimetry and (airborne-)magnetic measurements indicate a bowl-shaped anomaly underneath the crater with an estimated maximum sedimentary thickness of 400 m or higher. To be able to image the the crater infill appropriatly, two electromagnetic methods were applied: the Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) and the Audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) method. The AMT data set was planned as a complementary data set to the more extensive TEM data set to ensure the imaging of the lower boundary of the sedimentary infill. This data publication (10.5880/GIPP-MT.202127.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
To meet the objectives of the European Green Deal, Europe requires an increase in the supply of raw materials. To extract these materials responsibly and sustainably the complex social, environmental and technical challenges and how they interact need to be understood. The EU funded project VECTOR aims to assess these challenges and integrate them to produce human centred solutions. In this framework, minimally disruptive geological and geophysical studies have been carried out at three different locations across Europe. Stonepark is one of these locations located in the Irish Midlands in the Limerick Basin. The area includes potentially economic ore pods within Carboniferous carbonates and volcanic rocks. In Stonepark, new MT data were collected at a total of 108 sites in an area of 1.2 km x 5 km, of which 33 sites were equipped with five-component broad-band MT stations in concert with 75 two-component stations recording only the electric fields. The novel experimental layout using mobile electric field only stations sped up fieldwork while still allowing the use of local and remote reference techniques. Major goal of the study is to assess the utility MT techniques for mineral exploration at depth in sedimentary basins. In particular, we aim to quantify the 3D electrical conductivity distribution of the top 1–5 km of the crust from new MT data, in order to determine the location of electrically conductive ore mineralization. This data publication (https://doi.org/10.5880/GIPP-MT.202223.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
The region of Geyer in the Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge) of Germany, situated approximately 110 kilometres south of Leipzig, has a long history of ore mining. The region is known for its deposits of tin, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, copper, iron, silver, and indium. Due to this long history and known reservoir potential, this area was selected as a test site for the Innovative, Non-invasive and Fully Acceptable Exploration Technologies (INFACT) project. INFACT is a EU funded project aiming to foster new and innovative non-invasive methods for the exploration of new mineral deposits and is coordinated by the Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology (HIF) at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR). Within the framework of this project, the GFZ - German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany, acquired magnetotelluric (MT) and radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) data near Geyer. The main objectives of these measurements were to map the shallow subsurface for mineral deposits and to evaluate the potential of these methods in densely populated areas with high levels of anthropogenic noise. This data publication (10.5880/GIPP-MT.201933.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
Although the exploitation of strategic important mineral deposits is currently feasible down to a depth of ~ 1000 m, the extension of ore deposits in Germany is poorly known. The BMBF funded DESMEX (Deep Electromagnetic Sounding for Mineral Exploration) project focuses on the development of an electromagnetic exploration system which can be used for the exploration of mineral resources for depths down to 1000 m. The main focus lies in the exploration of potential mineral deposits in Germany. Ore mineralization leads to an increase of electrical conductivity in the host rock. Therefore, innovative methods are developed, which are able to image zones of high conductivity with respect to the intended exploration depth and deliver insights in the geometry of the ore deposit. In order to obtain an high coverage as well as an high resolution, air borne and ground based methods are combined in a semi airborne controlled source EM (CSEM) concept. This concept was tested in an old antimony mining area in eastern Thuringia. In the framework of DESMEX, the University of Cologne carried out ground based (long offset) transient-electromagnetic (LOTEM) measurements. Within the LOTEM validation study, an independent resistivity model of the survey area was derived, which serves as reference model for the semi airborne concept and is integrated in a final mineral deposition model. This data publication (https://doi.org/10.5880/GIPP-MT.201716.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
Although the exploitation of strategic important mineral deposits is currently feasible down to a depth of ~ 1000 m, the extension of ore deposits in Germany is poorly known. The BMBF funded DESMEX (Deep Electromagnetic Sounding for Mineral Exploration) project focuses on the development of an electromagnetic exploration system which can be used for the exploration of mineral resources for depths down to 1000 m. The main focus lies in the exploration of potential mineral deposits in Germany. Ore mineralization leads to an increase of electrical conductivity in the host rock. Therefore, innovative methods are developed, which are able to image zones of high conductivity with respect to the intended exploration depth and deliver insights in the geometry of the ore deposit. In order to obtain an high coverage as well as an high resolution, air borne and ground based methods are combined in a semi airborne controlled source EM (CSEM) concept. This concept was tested in an old antimony mining area in eastern Thuringia. In the framework of DESMEX, the University of Cologne carried out ground based (long offset) transient-electromagnetic (LOTEM) measurements. Within the LOTEM validation study, an independent resistivity model of the survey area was derived, which serves as reference model for the semi airborne concept and is integrated in a final mineral deposition model. This data publication (https://doi.org/10.5880/GIPP-MT.201608.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
The 100 km wide Mérida Andes extend from the Colombian/Venezuelan border to the Caribbean coast. To the north and south, the Mérida Andes are bound by hydrocarbon-rich sedimentary basins. This mountain chain and its associated major strike-slip fault systems formed by the oblique convergence of the Caribbean with the South American Plate and the north-eastwards expulsion of the North Andean Block in western Venezuela. In 2013, the Integrated Geoscience of the Mérida Andes Project (the GIAME project) was initiated to image the Mérida Andes on a lithospheric scale and to develop a dynamic model of their evolution by integrating wide-angle seismic, magnetotelluric and potential field data. Magnetotelluric (MT) dataset was acquired in 2015 along a 240 km long profile across the Mérida Andes. MT studies of orogens often reveal complex resistivity structures, typically associated with active deformation and characterized by high electrical conductivity zones. Fluids in fault systems and fluids derived from remineralization reactions of hydrous minerals often characterise high conductivity in active tectonic regimes. Cruces-Zabala et al. (2020) identified conductive zones with up to 10 km depth for the Maracaibo Basin and 5 km for the Barinas - Apure Basin. The Mérida Andes are charaterized by high resistivity separated by several conductive anomalies that corelate spatialy to the fault systems at the surface. A conductive zone a great depth (>50km) was identified as a projection of the detachment surface of the Trujillo Block to the east. This data publication encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
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