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Valley-floor width and potential control parameters along the Western Andes

This data publication supports the manuscript “Controls on Valley-Floor Width in the Western Andes” by Tofelde et al. (2026). The aim of the associated study is to quantify and compare the relative influence of four key factors—river discharge, tectonic uplift, bedrock strength, and lateral sediment supply from adja-cent hillslopes—on the width of valley floors. Valley-floor width was systematically measured at more than 126,000 locations across 84 catch-ments spanning the western Andes between 5°S and 40°S. To represent the four hypothesized controls, eleven proxy variables were developed and analyzed (see Table 1 in the main manuscript). Valley-floor width was quantified using the approach of Clubb et al. (2022) implemented in the topography analysis software LSDTopoTools (Mudd et al., 2023). River steepness index (Wobus et al., 2006), a proxy for tectonic uplift, was also calculated in LSDTopoTools. All remaining proxies were quantified using the topography analysis software TopoToolbox (Schwanghart & Kuhn, 2010; Schwanghart & Scherler, 2014) implemented in Matlab with the script Valley_floor_analysis.m pro-vided here. This script reproduces the datasets used in the study and allows to apply the approach to new locations.

Erodibility proxy measurements in laboratory and field

A quantification of bedrock erodibility under fluvial impact erosion is required for various tasks in geomorphology, landscape evolution, and hydraulic engineering. However, it is challenging to measure in the field. Various proxy methods for easy measurement have been suggested and applied, but none of these has been benchmarked against high-quality data from the laboratory or field. We have collected field and laboratory data on erodibility using erosion mills as well as proxy data from the Schmidt hammer, Mohs' hardness, and the Annandale and Selby methods for 18 different lithological units.

Parallel Data of Rock geotechnical Properties and Erodibility Using Erosion Mills

To investigate geotechnical controls on erodibility of rocks in fluvial impact erosion, we raised a par-allel dataset of i) rock erodibility, using purpose designed erosion mills (Turowski et al., 2023a) including grain size distributions for the eroded material, and ii) rock properties such as compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio. In addition, we measured proxies for geotechnical parameters, including the Schmidt hammer rebound value, Mohs’ hardness, bulk density, and ultrasonic pulse velocities. Samples were obtained with a water-cooled, 200 mm diamond core bit in Switzerland and southern Germany, either from in-situ bedrock or boulders. In total, 18 lithological units were sampled. For some units, we obtained several cores either to increase the usable length or the quality, or to sample local variations in lithological properties (e.g., the dominant grain size) or geometry (e.g., the core orientation with respect to bedding planes). Back in the workshop, cores were cut into discs of either ~5.5 cm or ~12 cm length, for erosion and geotechnical experiments, respectively, and further prepared depending on the needs for the specific measurement.

Pictures, DEMs, and raw data relative to analogue accretionary wedges

This dataset includes raw data used in the paper by Reitano et al. (2022), focused on the effect of boundary conditions on the evolution of analogue accretionary wedges affected by both tectonics and surface processes; the paper also focuses on the balance between tectonics and surface processes as a function of the boundary conditions applied. These boundary conditions are convergence velocity and basal slope (i.e., the tilting toward the foreland imposed prior the experimental run). The experiments have been carried out at Laboratory of Experimental Tectonics (LET), University “Roma Tre” (Rome). Detailed descriptions of the experimental apparatus and experimental procedures implemented can be found in the paper to which this dataset refers. Here we present: • Pictures recording the evolution of the models. • GIFs showing time-lapses of models. • Raw DEMs of the models and Incision DEMs, used for extracting data later discusses in the paper.

Experimental data of analogue landscape evolution models

This dataset includes raw data used in the paper by Reitano et al. (2020), focused on the effect of different analogue materials on the mechanical and erosional properties of some defined samples. The samples are mixes of three different analogue materials in various proportions. The experiments have been carried out at Laboratory of Experimental Tectonics (LET), University “Roma Tre” (Rome). Detailed descriptions of the experimental apparatus and experimental procedures implemented can be found in the paper to which this dataset refers. We used the MATLAB toolbox “TopoToolbox” (Schwanghart and Scherler, 2014). Here we present: - Pictures recording the evolution of the models. - Laser scans used for further analysis. - Scripts created ad hoc by the authors and used for analyzing and plotting the data. A detailed methodological description can be found in the associated "2020-021_Reitano-et-al_Dataset decription" pdf file.

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