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Electron diffraction patterns and HR-EBSD data from laboratory deformed olivine aggregates

This dataset is supplemental to the paper Wiesman et al. (submitted) and contains data on the density of dislocations and their stress fields in olivine rocks deformed via laboratory experiments. The data were used to investigate how the quality of diffraction patterns obtained via electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) affect the stress maps and geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) maps obtained via analysis with high-angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD). These results can be used to optimize the patterns collected during EBSD to reduce noise in the HR-EBSD analysis. Data are provided in a zip folder and include: • Measurements of lattice orientation via EBSD: six raw .ctf files and six processed .ctf files of regions mapped with HR-EBSD • Examples of electron backscatter diffraction patterns used to calculate radial power spectra: 12 .tiff files of diffraction patterns • Densities of geometrically necessary dislocations from the HR-EBSD analysis: six .txt files of processed data • Residual stress heterogeneity also determined from HR-EBSD analysis: six .txt files of processed data Data types and the number of frames averaged are also indicated in the file names. Files are organized into folders by the number of frames averaged. A full description is available in the data description file.

A Thermochronological Transect across the Trento Platform based on Apatite Fission-Track, Apatite (U-Th)/He, and Zircon (U-Th)/He data

This thermochronological dataset is a collection of apatite fission-track (AFT), apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe), and zircon (U-Th)/He (ZHe) data, eight time-temperature inverse model files (.hft), created and editable with the HeFTy Software v2.1.7 (Ketcham, 2005, 2024; Ketcham et al., 2007). AFT samples were processed by the Fission-Track Laboratory at the University of Innsbruck. AHe and ZHe data were processed by the Low-T Geochronology Lab at the University of Göttingen. The time-temperature models contain AFT data (grain ages, track lengths, dpar), AHe (AHe) data (age, radius, U-Th-Sm contents), and all necessary sample processing information required for the modelling. All AFT and AHe data have been obtained from rock samples along a N-S transect across the Trento Platform in the eastern Southern Alps. The dataset has been used to examine sedimentation and exhumation dynamics related to the Mesozoic geodynamic setting of northern Adria and Cenozoic orogenic events in the eastern Southern Alps. The results are provided by Klotz et al. (2025).

Digital Image Correlation data from experiments of releasing bend evolution within different strength wet kaolin

The data set includes the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) results for four experiments of releasing bends along dextral strike-slip faults that were performed at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst (USA). Gabriel et al. (in prep.) used the DIC data sets to investigate how releasing bend fault systems evolve within different strength wet kaolin. Information on the experimental set up and methods can be found in the main text and supplement to Gabriel et al. (in prep.). The data here include the incremental displacement time series, strain animation and surface elevation data at the end of the two experiments with different clay strength, which are presented within Gabriel et al. (in prep). We also include in this data repository incremental displacement time series and strain animations from two experiments that repeat the conditions of the experiments featured in Gabriel et al. (2025).

Results of serpentinization and associated natural H2 potential analysis in rift-inversion orogen systems using a numerical geodynamic modelling approach

This data set includes videos depicting the evolution of nine numerical tectonic models simulating rift-inversion orogens. For these models we apply the 2D thermo-mechanical geodynamic code ASPECT, coupled with FastScape for the inclusion of surface processes. Using the results from these models, we examine mantle serpentinization in rift-inversion orogens, and their associated natural hydrogen gas (H2) potential. Detailed descriptions of the model set-up and results can be found in Zwaan et al. (2025) in Science Advances.

Mechanical data of rotary shear experiments in bituminous dolostones

Mirror-like Surfaces (MSs) are ultra-polished fault surfaces widespread in carbonate seismic terrains, but their formation process is still debated. We deformed gouge samples from exposed fault surfaces hosted in bituminous dolostone rocks in a rotary shear apparatus (SHIVA) at seismic slip rates (1 m/s). By changing the water availability (water-pressurised and room-humidity conditions) and the organic matter/dolomite content (> 35%, dark gouge DG; < 30% bright gouge BG) we investigated the mechanical behaviour leading to MSs formation in fault gouges. We run tests at 15 MPa effective normal stress, 2 MPa confinement and 1 MPa pore pressure for the water-pressurised experiments and a total displacement of 0.13 m. Mirror-like fault surfaces were obtained in all successful experiments; mirrors were more developed under room-humidity conditions. Bituminous dolostones under room-humidity conditions had a slip neutral behaviour with a low friction (0.3). Bituminous dolostones under water-pressurised conditions showed a slip weakening behaviour with an initial peak effective friction μp = 0.65, followed by a drop to effective friction μss DG than in BG (i.e., μss of 0.25 vs 0.28). Future work will focus on the microstructural analysis of the experimental products and the investigation of the slip behaviour of bituminous dolostones at sub-seismic slip rates for a complete study of the slip behaviour spectra. This publication results from work conducted under the national open access action at SHIVA (Slow to High Velocity Apparatus) - HP-HT laboratory of experimental Volcanology and Geophysics (INGV, Roma 1 section) supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.

Results of analogue tectonic models of rifting and tectonic lineament reactivation along the Main Ethiopian Rift

This data set includes results from a total of 13 analogue tectonic models aimed at simulating the activation of tectonic lineaments associated with the Main Ethiopian Rift in eastern Africa. We use a model set-up based on previous work by Zwaan et al. (2021, 2022). This set-up involves a velocity discontinuity (VD, i.e., the edge of a mobile base plate) to induce extension in the overlying brittle- and viscous model materials representing the upper and lower crust, respectively. Additional structural weaknesses (seeds) at the base of the brittle layer serve to represent activated tectonic weaknesses in nature. Model parameters (different VD and seed orientation, and different seed diameters) are summarized in Table 1. The model results presented in this data publication are obtained through Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) analyses. A more detailed description of model set-up, model results, and their interpretation can be found in Zwaan et al. (2025)

A Heatmap Visualization for Thermochronologic Inverse Time-Temperature HeFTy Models

The software publcation contains a python script which can be used for enhanced visualization of inverse time-temperature models created with the HeFTy Software v2.1.7 (Ketcham, 2005, 2024; Ketcham et al., 2007). The script was generated and tested using a Spyder IDE 5.1 (conda) kernel with Anaconda Navigator v2.6.0. The output is a heatmap based on time-temperature path density, which is calculated by interpolating between the paths' turning points on a raster of 1Ma and 1°C. Processable data are inverse modelling export files (.txt) from the HeFTy software (v2.1.7). To generate a proper file in HeFTy, activate "inverse modelling", rightclick on the "time-temperature" panel, choose "Export" -> "Save as text". Please also consider the "REQUIRED USER INPUT" section of the script.

Data for Microstructural and Micromechanical Evolution of Olivine Aggregates During Transient Creep

This dataset is supplemental to the paper Wiesman et al. (In prep) and contains data on the density of dislocations and their stress fields in olivine from laboratory experiments to examine transient creep in olivine. The data were used to characterize the microstructural evolution that occurs during transient creep in olivine. These results can be used to test and calibrate microphysical models for transient creep that will be used to describe how Earth’s mantle responds to changes in stress caused by earthquakes and as melting glaciers. Data are provided in a zip folder and include: • Mechanical data from each experiment: ten .txt files of raw data, ten .txt files of processed data • Measurements of lattice orientation via EBSD: ten .ctf files of large area EBSD maps and ten .ctf files of regions mapped with HR-EBSD • Densities of geometrically necessary dislocations from the HR-EBSD analysis – ten .txt files of processed data • Residual stress heterogeneity also determined from HR-EBSD analysis – 20 .txt files of processes data • Forescatter electron images of decorated dislocations – 49 .tiff files and 49 .png files of decorated dislocations, 44 .pngs of counted dislocations, and one .txt file documenting the counted dislocations Data types and sample numbers are also indicated in the file names. Files are organized into folders by sample. Data types and sample numbers are also indicated in the file names. A full description is available in the data description file.

Experimental data on Long-term Isostatic Relaxation of Large Terrestrial Impact Structures: Structural Characteristics Inferred from Scaled Analogue Experiments at the UHH-Tec Modelling Lab of the Universität Hamburg

This data set includes the results of digital image correlation of 21 analogue experiments on isostatic relaxation of the crater floors performed at UHH-Tec Modelling Laboratory of the Universität Ham-burg. The structural evolution of model upper crust was systematically analysed for various initial depths and diameters of crater floors, gleaned from numerical models for average continental crust. The experiments show that crater floor uplift is accomplished by long-wavelength subsidence of the crater periphery and may operate on time scales of thousands of years in nature. Detailed descriptions of the experiments and monitoring techniques can be found in Eisermann and Riller (2023) to which this data set is supplementary. The data presented here consist of movies and images displaying cumulative displacements of deforming analogue model surfaces.

Rheology of glucose syrup from the Tectonic Modelling Lab (TecLab) of the University of Bern (CH)

This dataset provides results from rheological tests of glucose syrup from two suppliers tested within the EPOS Multi-scale Laboratories (MSL) trans-national access (TNA) program 2019 at the Laboratory of Experimental Tectonics (LET), Univ. Roma TRE, Italy. Syrups Glucowheat 45/81 (GW45) and Glucowheat 60/79 (GW60) are produced by Blattmann Schweiz AG, Switzerland (2019 batch). Syrups GlucoSweet 44 (GS44) and GlucoSweet 62 (GS62) are produced by ADEA (Amidi Destrini ed Affini), Italy (2019 batch) . The four tested glucose syrups are labeled according to their DE value (dextrose equivalent value). For tested products from Blattmann Schweiz AG, the second number refers to the weight percentage of dry substance. Glucose syrup GS44 is used in full lithospheric scale analogue experiments at the Tectonic Modelling Lab (TecLab) at the University of Bern, Switzerland as a low-viscosity material simulating the asthenospheric mantle lithosphere to provide isostatic equilibration. The materials have been analyzed using a MCR301 Rheometer (Anton Paar) equipped with parallel plates geometry and rotational regime . To prevent the evaporation of the samples during the measurements, an external water-lock device has been used.

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