Other language confidence: 0.9875834995041679
This data set provides data from subduction zone earthquake experiments and analysis described in Rosenau et al. (2019). In the experiments analogue seismotectonic scale models of subduction zones characterized by two seismogenic asperities are used to study the interaction of asperities over multiple seismic cycles by means of static (Coulomb failure) stress transfer. Various asperity geometries (lateral/along-strike of the subduction zone distance and vertical/across-strike of the subduction zone offset) are tested on their effect on recurrence pattern of simulated great (M8+) earthquakes.The results demonstrate the role of stress coupling in the synchronization of asperities leading to multi-asperity M9+ events in nature. The data set contains time series of experimental surface velocities from which analogue earthquakes are detected and classified into synchronized events and solo events. The latter are subcategorized into main events and aftershocks and into normal and thrust events. An analogue earthquake catalogue lists all categorized events of the 12 experiments used for statistical analysis. Moreover, results from elastic dislocation modelling aimed ate quantifying the stress coupling between the asperities for the various geometries are summarized. Basic statistics of classified events (e.g. percentage of categorized events, coefficient of variation in size and recurrence time etc.) are documented. Matlab scripts are provided to visualize the data as in the paper.
We provide the model results of the manuscript "Glacial-isostatic adjustment models using geodynamically constrained 3D Earth structures" (Bagge et al. 2020, Paper) including the (1) predicted relative sea-level and (2) applied sea-level data. The predicted relative-sea level is calculated with the VIscoelastic Lithosphere and MAntle model VILMA (Klemann et al. 2008, 2015, Martinec et al. 2018, Hagedoorn et al. 2007, Martinec & Hagedoorn 2005, Kendall et al. 2005). The glacial-isostatic adjustment models uses different Earth structures (3D, 1D global mean and 1D regionally adapted; Bagge et al. 2020, Paper; Bagge et al. 2020, https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.3.2020.004) and ice histories (ICE-5G, Peltier 2004; ICE-6G, Peltier et al. 2015, Argus et al. 2014; NAICE, Gowan et al. 2016) resulting in 44 3D models, 54 1D global mean models and 162 1D regionally adapted models. For more information on model description and input data see Bagge et al. (2020, Paper) and Bagge at al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.3.2020.004). The provided output data include (1a) the global distribution of predicted relative-sea level at 14 kilo years before present as ensemble range of the 3D GIA models for three ice histories as netCDF files, (1b) the predicted relative-sea level at eight locations at 14 kilo years before present for all models as ASCII file and (1c) the predicted relative sea-level for the deglaciation period for all models as ASCII files. Eight locations include Churchill, Angermanland, Ross Sea (Antarctica), San Jorge Gulf (Patagonia), Central Oregon Coast, Rao-Gandon Area (Senegal), Singapore and Pioneer Bay (Queensland, Australia). (2) The about 520 applied sea-level data provide information on time, relative sea-level and type of sea-level data. They are extracted for the eight locations from the GFZ database using SLIVisu (Unger et al. 2012, 2018) and provided as ACSII files.
The Central Andes (~21°S) is a subduction-type orogeny formed in the last ~50 Ma from the subduction of the Nazca oceanic plate beneath the South American continental plate. However, the most important phases of deformation occur in the last 20 Ma. Pulses of shortening have led to the sudden growth of the by the Altiplano-Puna plateau. Previous studies have provided insights on the importance of various mechanisms on the overall shortening such as the weakening of the overriding plate from crustal eclogitization and delamination, or the importance of a relatively high friction at the subduction interface, and weak sediments in foreland. However none of them has addressed the mechanism behind these shortening pulses yet. Therefore, we built a series of high resolution 2D visco-plastic subduction models using the ASPECT geodynamic code, in which the oceanic plate is buoyancy-driven and the velocity of the continent is prescribed. We have also implemented a realistic geometry for the south American plate at ~30 Ma. We propose a new plausible mechanism (buckling and steepening of the slab) as the cause of these pulses. The buckling leads to the blockage of the trench. Consequently, the difference of velocity between the South American plate and the trench is accommodated by shortening. The data presented here includes the parameters files, for the reference model (S1) and the following alternative simulations: models with variation of the friction at the subduction interface (S2a-c), a model without eclogitization of the lower crust (S3) and a model with higher thermal conductivity of the upper crust (S4). Additionally, this publication includes the initial composition and thermal state of the lithosphere used for the models and a Readme file that gives all the instructions to run them.
The Central Andean orogeny is caused by the subduction of the Nazca oceanic plate beneath the South-American continental plate. In Particular, the Southern Central Andes (SCA, 27°-40°S) are characterized by a strong N-S and E-W variation in the crustal deformation style and intensity. Despite being the surface geology relatively well known, the information on the deep structure of the upper plate in terms of its thickness and density configurations is still scarcely constrained. Previous seismic studies have focused on the crustal structure of the northern part of the SCA (~27°-33°S) based upon 2D cross-sections, while 3D crustal models centred on the South-American or the Nazca Plate have been published with lower resolution. To gain insight into the present-day state of the lithosphere in the area, we derived a 3D model that is consistent with both the available geological and seismic data and with the observed gravity field. The model consists on a continental plate with sediments, a two-layer crust and the lithospheric mantle being subducted by an oceanic plate. The model extension covers an area of 700 km x 1100 km, including the orogen, the forearc and the forelands.
The software RST Evaluation is a series of scripts to semi-automatically evaluate shear experiments done at the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling. In principle, it may be used for other measurements done in a similar setup, but it was build with our standardized workflow in mind. The shear experiments are done in a ring shear type shear cell rst.pc01 manufactured by D. Schulze (Details in ASTM standard D-6773). It uses an easy and reproducible workflow to determine yield properties, cohesion and dilational properties of a granular bulk material, such as sand or glass beads.
This dataset provides the grid files which were used to generate the 3d structural model for Berlin, capital city of Germany. It covers a rectangular area around the political boundaries of Berlin. Geologically the region is located in the Northeast German Basin which is in turn part of the Central European Basin System. The data publication is a compliment to the publications Frick et al., (2019) and Haacke et al., (2019) and resolves 23 geological units. These can be separated into eight Cenozoic, eight Mesozoic and three Paleozoic units, the upper and lower crust as well as the lithospheric mantle. We present files which show the regional variation in depth and thickness of all units in the form of regularly spaced grids where the grid spacing is 100 m. This model was created as part of the ongoing project Geothermal potential Berlin which was also partly situated in Energy Systems 2050, both of whom look at the evaluation of the local thermal field and the closely related geothermal potential. These are obtained by simulating fluid- and heatflow in 3d with numerical models built based on the data presented here. These numerical models and simulations rely heavily on a precise representation of the subsurface distribution of rock properties which are in turn linked to the different geological units. Hence, we integrated all available geological and geophysical data (see related work) into a consistent 3D structural model and will describe shortly how this was carried out (Methods). For further information the reader is referred to Frick et al., (2016) and Frick et al., (2019).
This dataset collects the results of a series of experiments carried out on air-filled cracks injected into pigskin gelatin blocks between September 2019 and May 2020 at GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam (Germany). Such experiments were intended to simulate dike propagation in the upper crust, in settings where tectonic and surface unloading stress are dominant in determining the stress field within the medium. The gelatin blocks were laterally strained and rift-like excavations were moulded on their surfaces. These data include pictures of each experimental setup and video records of each injected crack, as well as tables collecting the measured arrival points of the cracks at the surface of the gelatin and relevant elastic and geometric parameters. The data publication is a Supplement to Mantiloni et al. (2020): "Stress inversion in a gelatin box: testing eruptive vent location forecasts with analog models" (Geophys. Res. Lett.), to which the reader is referred for further information.
We present a 3-D lithospheric-scale model covering the area of Germany that images the regional structural configuration. The model comprises 31 lithostratigraphic units: seawater, 14 sedimentary units, 14 crystalline crustal units and 2 lithospheric mantle units. The corresponding surfaces are integrated from previous studies of the Central European Basin System, the Upper Rhine Graben and the Molasse Basin, together with published geological and geophysical data. The model is a result of a combined workflow consisting of 3-D structural, gravity and thermal modelling applied to derive the 3-D thermal configuration.The top surface elevations and thicknesses of corresponding layers of the 3-D-D model are provided as ASCII files, one for each individual layer of the model. The columns in each file are identical: the Easting is given in the “X COORD (UTM Zone 32N)”, the Northing is in the “Y COORD (UTM Zone 32N)”, the top surface elevation of each layer is given as "TOP (m.a.s.l)", the thickness of each layer is given as "THICKNESS (m)".
We provide a single file (exodus II format) that contains all results of the modeling efforts of the associated paper. This encompasses all structural information as well as the pore pressure, temperature, and fluid velocity distribution through time. We also supply all files necessary to rerun the simulation, resulting in the aforementioned output file. The model area covers a rectangular area around the Central European Basin System (Maystrenko et al., 2020). The data publication is compeiment to Frick et al., (2021). The file published here is based on the structural model after Maystrenko et al., (2020) which resolves 16 geological units. More details about the structure and how it was derived can be found in Maystrenko et al., (2020). The file presented contains information on the regional variation of the pore pressure, temperature and fluid velocity of the model area in 3D. This information is presented for 364 time steps starting from 43,000 years before present and ending at 310000 years after present. This model was created as part of the ESM project (Advanced Earth System Modelling Capacity; https://www.esm-project.net). This project looks at the development of a flexible framework for the effective coupling of Earth system model components. In this, we focused on the coupling between atmosphere and the subsurface by simulating the response of glacial loading, in terms of thermal and hydraulic forcing, on the hydrodynamics and thermics of the geological subsurface of Central Europe. For this endeavor, we populated the 3D structural model by Maystrenko and Coauthors (2020) with rock physical properties, applied a set of boundary conditions and simulated the transient 3D thermohydraulics of the subsurface. More details about this can be found in the accompanying paper (Frick et al., 2021)
We present a comprehensive 3D lithospheric-scale model of the South China Sea region (SCS), which reveals the structural configuration of the area. This model delineates seven distinct geological units: (1) seawater, (2) sedimentary cover, (3) continental crystalline crust, (4) oceanic crust, (5) upper lithospheric mantle, (6) lower lithospheric mantle, and (7) sub-lithospheric mantle. The model covers an area of 960 km × 1260 km and reach down to a depth of 250 km. It is provided as uniformly spaced grids with 10 km intervals for each unit. The geometries and density distributions within the crust have been compiled and interpolated from a variety of datasets, predominantly seismic data (see section 6). To eliminate boundary effects, the model boundaries have been extended by more than 500 km in all horizontal directions, incorporating additional constraining data from the extended region. Additionally, we provide gridded gravity field data, a density voxel cube for the sub-lithospheric mantle, and relevant tomography data. Notably, the density of the lower lithospheric mantle was derived from 3D gravity inversion modeling.
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