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Are substances more persistent than test systems lead to believe? Non-extractable residues: experimental examination of suitable extraction methods in view of a long-term risk for the environment

In transformation tests with organic substances in soil non-extractable residues (NER) are formed which remain there as residues. Some can be released again into the environment in the long-term and should be considered in the persistent assessment. Besides substances properties and soil characteristics the proportion of NER strongly depends on the extraction procedure. Within the European authorisation procedures, there is no precise and generally applicable definition of how NERs are to be determined and characterised. In this project a widely applicable standardised extraction procedure for the determination of non-extractable residues was developed to improve the comparability of NER data. Further extraction methods for the characterisation of reversibly bound residues such as ⁠ EDTA ⁠ extraction and silylation are discussed. The report is aimed at regulators, industry and experts from science and research. Veröffentlicht in Texte | 133/2022.

Extraction of antimony and arsenic from fresh and freeze-dried plant samples as determined by HG-AAS

Krachler, Michael; Emons, Hendrik Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 368 (2000), 7, 702 - 707 Six extraction media (acetic acid, EDTA, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, NaOH, MeOH/H 2 O, acetonitrile/H 2 O) were tested for their ability to extract antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) from freeze-dried popular leaves, pine shoots and spruce shoots, as well as from a peat matrix. Additionally, the extraction efficiency of Sb and As in fresh and freeze-dried elder leaves and poplar leaves was compared. Total concentrations of Sb and As of aliquots (~220 mg) of the freeze-dried samples were analysed by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HG-AAS) after open vessel digestion with adequate mixtures of nitric, sulfuric, hydrochloric, and perchloric acid. Three reference materials GBW 07602 Bush Branches and Leaves, GBW 07604 Poplar Leaves, and SRM 1575 Pine Needles were analysed with every batch of samples to ensure the accuracy and precision of the applied analytical procedures. The use of hydrofluoric acid in the digestion mixture leads to distinctly lower As values (down to 40%) than actual concentrations in the investigated plant materials. Extraction efficiencies were generally low and lower for Sb than for As. Solutions of 0.66 mol L -1 NaOH liberated highest amounts of Sb with ~10% for popular leaves, and ~19% each for pine shoots and spruce shoots. Distinctly higher concentrations of As in NaOH extracts of popular leaves (22%), pine shoots (32%), and spruce shoots (36%) were quantified. Extraction experiments resulted in yields of 7-9% from fresh elder and popular leaves, respectively, and 8-13% for freeze-dried samples for Sb. The corresponding values for As were 10-35% for the fresh material and 7-37% for the freeze-dried samples. doi:10.1007/s002160000578

GTS Bulletin: SAEU63 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SAEU63 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SA): Aviation routine reports A1A2 (EU): Europe (The bulletin collects reports from stations: EDDS;STUTTGART ;EDDM;MUNICH INT ;EDDN;NUERNBERG;LOWS;SALZBURG ;EDMA;AUGSBURG ;) (Remarks from Volume-C: COMPILATION FOR REGIONAL EXCHANGE)

Are substances more persistent than test systems lead to believe? Non-extractable residues: experimental examination of suitable extraction methods in view of a long-term risk for the environment

In transformation tests with organic substances in soil non-extractable residues (NER) are formed which remain there as residues. Some can be released again into the environment in the long-term and should be considered in the persistent assessment. Besides substances properties and soil characteristics the proportion of NER strongly depends on the extraction procedure. Within the European authorisation procedures, there is no precise and generally applicable definition of how NERs are to be determined and characterised.In this project a widely applicable standardised extraction procedure for the determination of non-extractable residues was developed to improve the comparability of NER data. Further extraction methods for the characterisation of reversibly bound residues such as ⁠EDTA⁠ extraction and silylation are discussed.The report is aimed at regulators, industry and experts from science and research.

GTS Bulletin: FCDL34 EDZO - Forecast (details are described in the abstract)

The FCDL34 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (F): Forecast T1T2 (FC): Aerodrome (VT < 12 hours) A1A2 (DL): Germany (The bulletin collects reports from stations: EDAC;ALTENBURG-NOBITZ ;COCHSTEDT ;EDGS;SIEGERLAND ;EDHL;LUEBECK BLANKENSEE ;EDLN;MOENCHENGLADBACH ;EDMA;AUGSBURG ;EDQM;HOF-PLAUEN ;EDNY;FRIEDRICHSHAFEN;EDZO;)

GTS Bulletin: FCDL35 EDZO - Forecast (details are described in the abstract)

The FCDL35 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (F): Forecast T1T2 (FC): Aerodrome (VT < 12 hours) A1A2 (DL): Germany (The bulletin collects reports from stations: EDHA;EDHI;HAMBURG-FINKENWERDER ;EDHK;KIEL-HOLTENAU ;EDJA;MEMMINGEN ALLGAU ;EDMO;OBERPFAFFENHOFEN ;EDTD;DONAUESCHINGEN-VILLINGEN ;EDTL;LAHR ;EDTY;SCHWAEBISCH HALL ;EDVE;BRAUNSCHWEIG WOLFSBURG ;EDXW;WESTERLAND SYLT ;EDZO;)

GTS Bulletin: SADL35 EDZO - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SADL35 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SA): Aviation routine reports A1A2 (DL): Germany (The bulletin collects reports from stations: EDHA;EDHI;HAMBURG-FINKENWERDER ;EDHK;KIEL-HOLTENAU ;EDJA;MEMMINGEN ALLGAU ;EDMO;OBERPFAFFENHOFEN ;EDOP;SCHWERIN PARCHIM ;EDTD;DONAUESCHINGEN-VILLINGEN ;EDTL;LAHR ;EDTY;SCHWAEBISCH HALL ;EDVE;BRAUNSCHWEIG WOLFSBURG ;EDXW;WESTERLAND SYLT ;EDZO;)

GTS Bulletin: SAEU62 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SAEU62 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SA): Aviation routine reports A1A2 (EU): Europe (The bulletin collects reports from stations: EDQD;LIML;LINATE ;EDVK;KASSEL-CALDEN ;ETSN;NEUBURG ;LIRA;CIAMPINO ;EDHI;HAMBURG-FINKENWERDER ;ETSL;LECHFELD ;EDMA;AUGSBURG ;EDQM;HOF-PLAUEN ;EDXW;WESTERLAND SYLT ;EDAH;HERINGSDORF ;EDNY;FRIEDRICHSHAFEN ;) (Remarks from Volume-C: COMPILATION FOR REGIONAL EXCHANGE)

GTS Bulletin: SADL34 EDZO - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SADL34 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SA): Aviation routine reports A1A2 (DL): Germany (The bulletin collects reports from stations: EDAC;ALTENBURG-NOBITZ;EDBC;MAGDEBURG-COCHSTEDT;EDGS;SIEGERLAND;EDHL;LUEBECK BLANKENSEE;EDLN;MOENCHENGLADBACH;EDLP;PADERBORN LIPPSTADT;EDLW;DORTMUND;EDMA;AUGSBURG;EDNY;FRIEDRICHSHAFEN;EDQM;HOF-PLAUEN;EDRZ;ZWEIBRUECKEN;EDSB;KARLSRUHE BADEN-BADEN;EDZO;)

GTS Bulletin: SADL40 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SADL40 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SA): Aviation routine reports A1A2 (DL): Germany (The bulletin collects reports from stations: EDOP;SCHWERIN PARCHIM ;EDVK;KASSEL-CALDEN ;EDMO;OBERPFAFFENHOFEN ;EDXW;WESTERLAND SYLT ;EDTL;LAHR ;EDDV;HANNOVER ;EDDW;BREMEN ;EDFH;FRANKFURT-HAHN ;EDDR;SAARBRUECKEN ;EDDS;STUTTGART ;EDDT;BERLIN-TEGEL INT ;EDDM;MUNICH INT ;EDTD;DONAUESCHINGEN-VILLINGEN ;EDDN;NUERNBERG;EDHI;HAMBURG-FINKENWERDER ;EDHL;LUEBECK BLANKENSEE ;EDDP;LEIPZIG HALLE ;EDFM;MANNHEIM-CITY ;EDHK;KIEL-HOLTENAU ;EDBC;COCHSTEDT ;EDVE;BRAUNSCHWEIG WOLFSBURG ;EDDK;COLOGNE BONN ;EDJA;MEMMINGEN ALLGAU ;EDDL;DUESSELDORF INT ;EDDE;ERFURT ;EDDF;FRANKFURT AM MAIN INT ;EDDG;MUENSTER OSNABRUECK ;EDDH;HAMBURG ;EDLW;DORTMUND ;EDDC;DRESDEN ;EDDB;BERLIN-Brandenburg INT ;EDLV;NIEDERRHEIN ;EDLP;PADERBORN LIPPSTADT ;EDLN;MOENCHENGLADBACH ;EDNY;FRIEDRICHSHAFEN ;EDSB;KARLSRUHE BADEN-BADEN ;EDMA;AUGSBURG ;EDQM;HOF-PLAUEN ;EDRZ;ZWEIBRUECKEN ;EDAC;ALTENBURG-NOBITZ ;EDTY;SCHWAEBISCH HALL ;EDAH;HERINGSDORF ;EDGS;SIEGERLAND ;) (Remarks from Volume-C: COMPILATION FOR REGIONAL EXCHANGE)

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