The Urban Sprawl datasets shows the physically expanding urban areas - the spatial arrangement of built-up areas and their utilization. The European Environment Agency (EEA) has described sprawl as the physical pattern of low-density expansion of large urban areas, under market conditions, mainly into the surrounding agricultural areas. Sprawl is the leading edge of urban growth and implies little planning control of land subdivision urban sprawl metrics .
CORINE Land Cover is a pan-European land cover inventory with 44 classes. Initiated in 1985 (the 1990 reference year) the inventory is available for the 1990, 2000, 2006, 2012 and 2018 reference years including change layers 1990-2000, 2006-2012 and 2012-2018. CORINE Land Cover is part of the European Union’s Copernicus Land Monitoring Service.
The Corine Land Cover status layers are modified for the purpose of consistent statistical analysis in the land cover change accounting system at EEA. Corine Land Cover (CLC) data are produced from 1986 for the European (EEA member or cooperating) countries. Pan-European CLC and CLCC data are available as vector and raster products.
The effective mesh density (seff) is a measure of the degree to which movement between different parts of the landscape is interrupted by a Fragmentation Geometry (FG). FGs are defined as the presence of impervious surfaces and traffic infrastructure, including medium sized roads. The more FGs fragment the landscape, the higher the effective mesh density hence the higher the fragmentation.
The Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive concerns the collection, treatment and discharge of urban waste water and the treatment and discharge of waste water from certain industrial sectors. The objective of the Directive is to protect the environment from the adverse effects of the above mentioned waste water discharges. This series contains time series of spatial and tabular data covering Agglomerations, Discharge Points, and Treatment Plants.
These datasets represents a measure of intensification (nutrient, mangement pressure and pressure indicator) trend of agroecosystems. The nutrient input is a specific measure related to the intensification processes in the management of cropland and grassland ecosystems. The management pressure on cropland and grassland was calculated by combining information of nitrogen input from the Farm Structure Survey (FSS), the Corine Land Use/Land Cover dataset and other environmental characteristics such as topographic conditions, soil and climate conditions. The trend indicator is the share of cropland or grassland areas affected by internal Land Cover flows between CORINE changes, presented at NUTS3 level.