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Colombian emeralds – internal and external growth and dissolution features

Emeralds from Colombia are among the most highly-prized and valuable gemstones. Their growth phenomena including information about the geology of the area were described in detail by Pig-natelli et al. (2015, 2022) and Schmetzer and Martayan (2023). Here, we present data obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), and infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) for five emerald crystals. The surface of the crystals shows both, growth phe-nomena as well as dissolution phenomena, the latter as etch pits (EP). Such EP have been used previously for other beryl types, mainly from pegmatitic environments (Kurumathoor and Franz, 2018); the Colombian emeralds come from low-grade metamorphosed black shales and thus offer the possibility to extend the use of EP as a provenance indicator to other types of beryl deposits. Internal structures are manifested in chemical zoning, investigated by EMPA and micro-X-ray fluo-rescence (µXRF). The crystals are characterized chemically by EMPA, polarized IR spectroscopy of oriented crystals showed the presence of fluids in the channels of the beryl structure.

GTS Bulletin: SAEU63 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SAEU63 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SA): Aviation routine reports A1A2 (EU): Europe (The bulletin collects reports from stations: EDDS;STUTTGART ;EDDM;MUNICH INT ;EDDN;NUERNBERG;LOWS;SALZBURG ;EDMA;AUGSBURG ;) (Remarks from Volume-C: COMPILATION FOR REGIONAL EXCHANGE)

GTS Bulletin: FCDL34 EDZO - Forecast (details are described in the abstract)

The FCDL34 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (F): Forecast T1T2 (FC): Aerodrome (VT < 12 hours) A1A2 (DL): Germany (The bulletin collects reports from stations: EDAC;ALTENBURG-NOBITZ ;COCHSTEDT ;EDGS;SIEGERLAND ;EDHL;LUEBECK BLANKENSEE ;EDLN;MOENCHENGLADBACH ;EDMA;AUGSBURG ;EDQM;HOF-PLAUEN ;EDNY;FRIEDRICHSHAFEN;EDZO;)

GTS Bulletin: LCDL34 EDZO - Aviation Information in XML (details are described in the abstract)

The LCDL34 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (L): Aviation Information in XML A1A2 (DL): Germany T1T2 (LC): Aerodrome Forecast ("TAF") (VT<12 hours)"(The bulletin collects reports from stations: EDAC;ALTENBURG-NOBITZ;EDBC;COCHSTEDT;EDGS;SIEGERLAND;EDHL;LUEBECK BLANKENSEE;EDLN;MOENCHENGLADBACH;EDMA;AUGSBURG;EDQM;HOF-PLAUEN;EDNY;FRIEDRICHSHAFEN;EDZO;)

GTS Bulletin: SADL34 EDZO - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SADL34 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SA): Aviation routine reports A1A2 (DL): Germany (The bulletin collects reports from stations: EDAC;ALTENBURG-NOBITZ;EDBC;MAGDEBURG-COCHSTEDT;EDGS;SIEGERLAND;EDHL;LUEBECK BLANKENSEE;EDLN;MOENCHENGLADBACH;EDLP;PADERBORN LIPPSTADT;EDLW;DORTMUND;EDMA;AUGSBURG;EDNY;FRIEDRICHSHAFEN;EDQM;HOF-PLAUEN;EDRZ;ZWEIBRUECKEN;EDSB;KARLSRUHE BADEN-BADEN;EDZO;)

GTS Bulletin: SAEU62 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SAEU62 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SA): Aviation routine reports A1A2 (EU): Europe (The bulletin collects reports from stations: EDQD;LIML;LINATE ;EDVK;KASSEL-CALDEN ;ETSN;NEUBURG ;LIRA;CIAMPINO ;EDHI;HAMBURG-FINKENWERDER ;ETSL;LECHFELD ;EDMA;AUGSBURG ;EDQM;HOF-PLAUEN ;EDXW;WESTERLAND SYLT ;EDAH;HERINGSDORF ;EDNY;FRIEDRICHSHAFEN ;) (Remarks from Volume-C: COMPILATION FOR REGIONAL EXCHANGE)

GTS Bulletin: LADL34 EDZO - Aviation Information in XML (details are described in the abstract)

The LADL34 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (L): Aviation Information in XML A1A2 (DL): Germany T1T2 (LA): Aviation routine reports ("METAR")(The bulletin collects reports from stations: EDAC;ALTENBURG-NOBITZ;EDBC;MAGDEBURG-COCHSTEDT;EDGS;SIEGERLAND;EDHL;LUEBECK BLANKENSEE;EDLN;MOENCHENGLADBACH;EDLP;PADERBORN LIPPSTADT;EDLW;DORTMUND;EDMA;AUGSBURG;EDNY;FRIEDRICHSHAFEN;EDQM;HOF-PLAUEN;EDRZ;ZWEIBRUECKEN;EDSB;KARLSRUHE BADEN-BADEN;EDZO;)

GTS Bulletin: SADL40 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SADL40 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SA): Aviation routine reports A1A2 (DL): Germany (The bulletin collects reports from stations: EDOP;SCHWERIN PARCHIM ;EDVK;KASSEL-CALDEN ;EDMO;OBERPFAFFENHOFEN ;EDXW;WESTERLAND SYLT ;EDTL;LAHR ;EDDV;HANNOVER ;EDDW;BREMEN ;EDFH;FRANKFURT-HAHN ;EDDR;SAARBRUECKEN ;EDDS;STUTTGART ;EDDT;BERLIN-TEGEL INT ;EDDM;MUNICH INT ;EDTD;DONAUESCHINGEN-VILLINGEN ;EDDN;NUERNBERG;EDHI;HAMBURG-FINKENWERDER ;EDHL;LUEBECK BLANKENSEE ;EDDP;LEIPZIG HALLE ;EDFM;MANNHEIM-CITY ;EDHK;KIEL-HOLTENAU ;EDBC;COCHSTEDT ;EDVE;BRAUNSCHWEIG WOLFSBURG ;EDDK;COLOGNE BONN ;EDJA;MEMMINGEN ALLGAU ;EDDL;DUESSELDORF INT ;EDDE;ERFURT ;EDDF;FRANKFURT AM MAIN INT ;EDDG;MUENSTER OSNABRUECK ;EDDH;HAMBURG ;EDLW;DORTMUND ;EDDC;DRESDEN ;EDDB;BERLIN-Brandenburg INT ;EDLV;NIEDERRHEIN ;EDLP;PADERBORN LIPPSTADT ;EDLN;MOENCHENGLADBACH ;EDNY;FRIEDRICHSHAFEN ;EDSB;KARLSRUHE BADEN-BADEN ;EDMA;AUGSBURG ;EDQM;HOF-PLAUEN ;EDRZ;ZWEIBRUECKEN ;EDAC;ALTENBURG-NOBITZ ;EDTY;SCHWAEBISCH HALL ;EDAH;HERINGSDORF ;EDGS;SIEGERLAND ;) (Remarks from Volume-C: COMPILATION FOR REGIONAL EXCHANGE)

GTS Bulletin: FCDL40 EDZW - Forecast (details are described in the abstract)

The FCDL40 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (F): Forecast T1T2 (FC): Aerodrome (VT < 12 hours) A1A2 (DL): Germany (The bulletin collects reports from stations: EDVK;KASSEL-CALDEN ;EDMO;OBERPFAFFENHOFEN ;EDLN;MOENCHENGLADBACH ;EDXW;WESTERLAND SYLT ;EDTL;LAHR ;EDTD;DONAUESCHINGEN-VILLINGEN ;EDHI;HAMBURG-FINKENWERDER ;EDHL;LUEBECK BLANKENSEE ;EDFM;MANNHEIM-CITY ;EDHK;KIEL-HOLTENAU ;EDBC;COCHSTEDT ;EDMA;AUGSBURG ;EDVE;BRAUNSCHWEIG WOLFSBURG ;EDQM;HOF-PLAUEN ;EDAC;ALTENBURG-NOBITZ ;EDJA;MEMMINGEN ALLGAU ;EDTY;SCHWAEBISCH HALL ;EDAH;HERINGSDORF ;EDGS;SIEGERLAND ;)

Geochemistry and petrology of black opal in the pegmatites from Volyn (Ukraine)

Black opal is a rare variety of opal-CT, which is pigmented by organic matter (OM) and can therefore be considered as an example of geo-bio interaction (Gouzy et al., 2025). The locality of Volyn, Ukraine with its famous chamber pegmatites is well-known for interaction between OM and igneous rocks (Franz et al., 2017). The locality was recently renamed Khoroshiv, but because in the geological-mineralogical literature the name Volyn was introduced, we use this name here. The intrusion of the pegmatites is closely connected to the intrusion of the host rocks, granites of the southwestern part of the Korosten Pluton, and the intrusion age was determined as 1.76 Ga (Shumlyanskyy et al., 2021). OM was identified as kerite (fossilized remains of organisms; Franz et al., 2023, and references therein), and in fluid inclusions in beryl and topaz (Vozniak et al., 2012; Vozniak and Pavlyshin, 2008). Furthermore, formation of NH4-bearing feldspar (buddingtonite) and muscovite (tobelite) in breccia (identified together with the pegmatites) point to the interaction between decayed OM and the igneous minerals (Franz et al., 2017). The timing of the interaction between OM and igneous (and other) fluids is an important question (Franz et al., 2024), and therefore we also give age constraints on the formation of the black opal, which from textural arguments seems to be one of the latest mineral formations. We give detailed information about the sample sites, the macroscopic features of the samples of different types of opal, and the analytical procedures. The description of the black opal samples is presented in images from secondary electron microscopy (SEM), back-scattered electron images (BSE) obtained with by electron microprobe (EMPA), element distribution maps obtained by µXRF (X-ray fluorescence), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray powder (XRD) characterization. Chemical analyses were obtained by wave-length dispersive (WDS) analyses with the EMPA as well as by energy-dispersive (EDX) analyses with both the SEM and the EMPA instruments, to identify and characterize inclusions in the black opal. Trioctahedral Li-mica (polylithionite) is included by opal in one sample, and because this type of mica has not been described in detail from the Volyn peg-matites, we present the EMPA analytical data here in detail. The presence of OM, which is known to absorb U in sufficient amounts, allows dating by the U-Pb decay system. The results of the isotopic dating with the laser-ablation sector-field inductively-coupled mass spectroscopy system (LA-SF-ICP-MS) is presented for the selected individual do-mains in three samples. The operating conditions are summarized in a separated pdf document.

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